when the oscillating end of the vertical plunger is swung over sufficiently to either side. At each side of the machine at its base there is a horizontal plunger having a capacity of 200 tons pressure. Both of these are connected to a bed plate or die box, which when actuated by the horizontal plungers travels back and forth like the bed plate of a planer. In this bed plate there is a die into which the tub about to undergo the finishing or smoothing out process is placed. The vertical plunger is then lowered until the "roll" rests on the inside of the tub, as shown in Fig. 4. The downward pressure is then brought into play. It will be observed that the "roll" is somewhat smaller than the die into which it fits, and that its shape does not conform to the shape of the tub longitudinally. When it is brought down into the center of the tub and the proper pressure exerted it fits on a knife edge transversely across the center of the tub. One of the horizontal plungers is then placed in operation and the bed plate is pushed sideways, with the result that a rolling action takes place within the die, the "roll" slowly traveling with the bed plate as a result of the pressure of the horizontal plunger. The shape of the "roll" is such that its end fits snugly into the end of the tub at just about the time when the saddle on the opposite side of the plunger comes in contact with the buffer ram, as shown in Fig. 4. The simultaneous pressure of the three plungers is then brought into play and just enough additional pressure is given by the horizontal plunger to overcome the pressures of both the vertical and buffer, with the result that the "roll" continues to roll the metal perfectly smooth right out to the rim of the tub. The horizontal plunger on the opposite side of the machine is then brought into action, and the same process smooths out the opposite end of the tub. The small vertical plungers on each side of the bedplate shown in the illustration were designed for clamping purposes, but it has been found unnecessary to use them. The multiple-drawing operation requires about six or seven minutes. After the tub leaves the rocker-roller press it is taken to a hydraulic punch shown in Fig. 5, where in a single movement of the plunger the hole in the bottom of the tub to which the waste pipe is attached is punched and a groove surrounding it is countersunk. The tub is then taken to a horizontal punch, as shown in Fig. 6. Here three holes are punched simultaneously in the end of the tub. These holes are for the faucets and the overflow waste pipe. Following this operation comes the cleaning. Wire brushes and sand blast are used for freeing the metal from scale and dirt and the tubs are ready for the enameling room. Here the tubs are first given a slush coat, which is applied both inside and out and by means of a brush, as shown in Fig. 7. They are then fired, being conveyed or "shipped" to the muffle furnace by means of a fork suspended by a chain from a jib crane, as shown in Fig. 8. After the firing the hot tubs are placed in the cradle (Fig. 8) and here the "dredging" operation is performed. This consists of sifting the porcelain over the inside surface of the tubs. The porcelain, which is in the form of a very fine powder, is placed in the sieve at the end of the "dredge." At the opposite end of the handle there is small pneumatic hammer which is set in motion, with the result that a slight steady vibration is given the "dredger," causing the porcelain to fall in a thin even stream. As the operators move the "dredges" about, another man manipulates the cradle by means of handwheels, as in Fig. 8, so that the porcelain may fall on the sides and ends of the tubs. Another firing melts the porcelain powder so that the inner surface of the tubs obtain the hard glossy finish of the porcelain. tub. There are three of the muffle furnaces having a capacity of seventy-five tubs each a day. Coal and coke are used as fuel. Another large furnace is used for making the porcelain, the balance of the equipment in this department consisting of grinding mills, dryers and mixers. The hydraulic plant consists of three pumps having capacities of 2,000, 1,200 and 300 gallons per minute. Each of these pumps into an accumulator. There is a 75-kw.generating set used in lighting the plant and driving the few machines. that are not hydraulically operated. An air compressor furnishes the air used in the dredges in the porcelaining department. An annealing furnace used in connection with the dredging operation has a capacity of 30 tubs an hour. The furnace is large enough to hold four tubs, and as they are placed in it at one end and taken out at the other a tub remains under the heat for just eight minutes. things that will make this decade remarkable and in this manufacture of a useful household article, the inventor's genius has worked a real marvel. The most remarkable feature in nearly all manufacture is the work of the machine rather than the product and in many cases it is the machine alone which makes the inventor's control of the product possible. In no department of work is the human mind exhibiting greater advance than in this of laborsaving, time-saving devices for the product of household necessities and the field offers great opportunity for economies. FIG. 8. THE TUBS ARE HANDLED BY MEANS OF A GREAT FORK, WHILE PASSING The wonderful progress in the art of constructing machinery, which will produce results and work economies before believed impossible is one of the Where Prairie Breezes Blow Oh, the scent of the sage comes drifting down on the breath of a prairie breeze, I can see the bulk of a milling herd in the rain-clouds massing black Oh, for the feel of a braided rein and the plunge of a prairie steed, -BERTRAND W. SINCLAIR, in The Bohemian. New Things at the Auto Shows 粥 By David Beecroft N round numbers the output of American motor cars will be slightly in excess of one hundred thousand machines this year. To purchase this enormous number of vehicles would require more than a fortune of two hundred million dollars. Expending this amount in purchasing horses would secure one and onethird millions. This enormous outlay for the securing of comfort and speed in private transportation is but a fraction of the outlay which will be recorded to the motor car account for this season. At the three national shows, two in New York city and one in Chicago, The international show circuit opened at the Olympia exposition last November, in London, and was continued in the Grand Palais salon in Paris in December, then by the Gotham exhibitions in December and January, and by Chicago's February show and the many local efforts of a half score of cities. London presented six hundred cars for public examination; Paris, slightly in advance, showed some seven hundred; the two New York exhibitions, combined, displayed five hundred vehicles and Chicago's offering was close upon four hundred. This continued public exhibiting of twenty-one hundred and fifty machines, representing in value six and a Several of these have been sold recently, and have proven very successful in combating fire. $220,000 have been expended by the people in admission money for the pleasure of seeing and examining the many new products of motordom for the coming season. Half a score of minor shows are being held in the many cities of the land, whose totals will easily swell this number to the half-million mark at least. half million dollars, demonstrated two truths: prices are slightly higher than a year ago and better materials and finer workmanship are the cause of this. The looked for cut in prices, is not yet; rather makers that set the low record a year ago have raised their prices twenty per cent in quite a number of cases. Improvements in motor car bodies have been responsible for a part of this increase. Owners who two years ago were content with a five passenger machine now must have one accommodating seven passengers, and this requires the manufacture of machines from fifteen to twenty inches longer as well as correspondingly stronger built throughout. And while our house-furnishers are reviving the styles of centuries long dead in furniture design our motor-makers are searching the pages of the dead centuries for lines to satisfy the whims of the motor-epicures. Nothing evidences this more than the old English coach body seen for the first time mounted on a motor car chassis at the Chicago show, the design coming from the Apperson factory and executed by Kimball workmen. Embodied in this creation are all the lines of the pioneer English stage coach of 1657 in which the great Cromwell made his last trip from Bristol to London at a three-mile an hour pace, requiring the service of six to eight horses all of the way. But the modern coach is a sixty-horsepower vehicle, with its locomotive propelling power housed in a small space four feet long, two feet wide and thirty inches high, and with speed capabilities of fifty miles an hour. Such are the luxuries of the age; seats upholstered in the richest broadcloth, walls and ceilings in the polished prod THIS SPEED RECORDER TELLS THE RUNNING SPEED OF CAR AT ANY MOMENT, THE HIGHEST SPEED OF THE TRIP OR DAY, THE DISTANCE RUN DURING THE TRIP AND SEASON. enjoys what Solomon fain would have sacrificed a quarter of his kingdom for, and through small squared panes of the door can view through the spectacles of the middle ages the wonders of the present. For the comforts of his fellow man the artist of motor car bodies has seized upon one of the bulwarks of home construction, robbing the parlor of its bay CAR WITH OLD ENGLISH COACH BODY. New adaptation of comfortable old ideas, displayed for the first time this year. window and fitting this into the side of the enclosed car, allowing the passengers an unrestricted view of the street ahead as well as the welcome arm rest supplied. The Italian builder, ever the artist, whether in bringing out the life lines of a study in marble, or fashioning the lines of a chassis or a demi-limousine, has electrified the designer by a tourabout body supplied for a Fiat chassis. As its name suggests it is for the connoisseur desiring to see Europe independent of the railroad train or the lake |
