Angels With Stingers

A LITTLE Cleveland tot of three years was put to bed, her first night, in New Jersey, by her mother, with the words, "now go to sleep, darling, and remember the angels are flying about your little crib and keeping you from harm." A few minutes later the patter of little feet was heard and a little, white-robed figure emerged from the bed-room. "Why, darling, what's the matter?" said the mother. "I don't like the angels," sobbed the little girl. "Why, dearie, why not?" "One o' th' angels bit me.'

MISS OPPER: I will never marry you! Denkeisen: Oh, heaven! I would blow my brains out if we were not in the midst of

the busy season and I have so much to do!Fliegende Blaetter.

Ignorant of Legal Terms

TARANTULA TOм: "Why did Bill plug th' tenderfoot?"

Lava-Bed Pete: "It all come o' Bill's distressin' ignorance o' legal terms."

T. T.: "How uz that?"

L. B. P.: "Well, Bill owed th' shorthorn some money, an' was sorter slow about payin' So the stranger writ him a letter sayin', I will draw on you at sight.' An' Bill thought that meant a gun play, so when he meets up with the stranger he draws first. It was a misunderstandin'."-Cleveland Leader.

His Many Wives

A PHILADELPHIA business man tells this story on himself: "You know in this city there are two telephone companies," he said, "and in my office I have a telephone of each company. Last week. I hired a new office boy, and one of his duties was to answer the telephone. The other day when one of the bells rang, he answered the call, and then came in and told me I was wanted on the phone by my wife.

"Which one?' I inquired quickly, thinking of the two telephones, of course.

""Please sir,' stammered the boy, 'I don't know how many you have.'"

HE theory that to run polluted or germ-infected water, through some little grains of sand or yards of canvas or in and out of endless tubes would turn it into the purest nectar has been exploded. There is nothing but intense heat that will worst the pesky health destroyers. To strain them, to pound them, to keep them everlastingly dancing doesn't daunt them a bit. It takes a good hard boiling to knock the life and mischief out of them.

Inventors of many countries set to work to construct a practical sterilizer which could be hidden in the tonneau of an automobile, strapped to the paddle of a canoe, or carried about in the vest

pocket. It seemed impossible, however, to secure the end sought for. But a German named Hartman has devised a portable sterilizing system that is being put into operation in German South-west Africa, the Philippine Islands and other lands where good water is precious liquid and where fevers break out and attack whole settlements.

Very soon these little stoves and rubber hose and canvas bags will be in use in our Southern and Gulf States, from Virginia to Texas. These new sterilizers are made in many sizes and can be adapted for all conditions. They are particularly valuable for army use, for they can be carried on the back or strapped to pack mules and transported long distances without difficulty.

The sterilizing plant consists of a boiler for heating the water, a cooler and a filter for purifying and aërating purposes, together with the necessary pipes, cocks, pumps and other connections.

The boiler, which may be heated either directly by combustion or indirectly by the steam of an existing boiler plant, is designed to heat the inflowing water to a temperature of 105°-110° C.

The cooler is one of the most important features of this new portable sterilizer. All the germs may be boiled to harmlessness, but until the water is properly cooled it cannot be called drinking water. It must be aërated with air free from germs so as to take away the insipid taste of boiled water. On account of the difference in the specific gravity of cold and warm water, the circulation of the water in a boiler is more or less rapid, especially where the boiler is provided with heating surface. The incoming current of water from the feeder is, however, stronger than this circulation of the water; the force with which the fresh water enters through the feeder into the boiler is strong enough to send a

cold current up to the surface, as otherwise cold and warm water would not mix immediately on account of their difference in density. If water be taken from the hottest part of a continuous working sterilizing boiler, there is always-even after a long period of heating--a danger of water from one of the incoming cold currents being taken with it; i. e., water which has not been sufficiently heated before rising to the surface, for all the germs contained in it to be destroyed.

The construction of the cooler differs according to the various kinds of the drinking water apparatus, whether stationary or transportable, and also in respect to capacity. Every cooler, however, is provided with the necessary fittings for letting off air and water and constructed so that all parts can be easily disconnected for cleaning purposes.

The third part of importance in the apparatus is the filter for purifying the water already sterilized and cooled, but still containing earthy and vegetable substances, iron oxides and similar impurities.

The sterilized water enters the filter

through a hose and sprays down in the form of a shower on the dense filtering material, thus becoming aërated in the process with the air drawn into the apparatus through a germ proof filter of cotton wool. The filtering material is composed to a considerable extent of

SMALL PORTABLE WATER STERILIZER. Showing method of setting up apparatus.

bone charcoal, a material which has been found by tests to be the best means for destroying the taste of boiled water. Thus the water leaves the apparatus sterilized, filtered and cooled down to a few degrees above the temperature of fresh

water.

A small portable apparatus has been constructed, the total weight of which amounts to about 50 kilogrammes, and which may be carried on an ambulance wagon or fastened to the saddle of a pack mule. Furthermore, it is possible for the apparatus to be divided into two equal loads and carried by means of straps on the shoulders of two men. The plant having been once started to work, there is nothing further to do but to keep up the fire and the supply of raw water, everything else being automatic.

The small portable army sterilizer

works intermittently. A certain quantity of raw water is put into the boiler, heated to the desired temperature and then forced out by the pressure produced in the boiler. This small portable sterilizer is also composed of three main parts, boiler, cooler and filter, with the addition of a filling bag with its support. The little boiler is of copper and, as its lower part stands in the fire, the water is heated directly, whilst the upper part is used as a reservoir for the raw water coming in from the cooler. A float valve connects the upper and lower part of the boiler as soon as the hot water is forced out of it, and allows the water to pour down almost instantaneously from the upper to the lower part. This arrangement is intended to reduce as much as possible the time necessary for filling the boiler, since without the reservoir which allows the raw water to flow through the cooler continuously, the filling of the boiler would only be attained according to the velocity of the water flowing through the cooler, the canvas filling bag being only about 1.7 metre from the ground. The cooler consists of a nickel band fitted in a copper frame, and in spite of its compact form, allows of a surprisingly perfect cooling and utilization of the heat contained in the sterilized water.

Also in this type, the sterilized water leaves the cooler at a temperature of only about 3° C. above that of the raw water. The connection of the cooler with the boiler on the one hand and of the filter and filling bag on the other is effected by means of hose pipes so that the different parts may be suitably placed when setting up the apparatus.

The filter consists of a bag of waterproof canvas, in the bottom of which is the filtering material, whilst in the upper portion the aëration of the water takes place. This bag is fixed to the upright which also carries the filling bag and is also made of water-proof material and contains a second filtering bag which keeps back the coarser matter from getting into the boiler and cooler.