HARPERS' ENCYCLOPÆDIA

OF

UNITED STATES HISTORY

T.

himself. He was favored by Queen Anne in his efforts to have the prayer of the petition granted, but failed to obtain the appointment of a suffragan, and he resolved to ask for consecration for himself by nonjuring bishops. This was done by two bishops, and in 1722 he returned to America and assumed episcopal authority. The governor of Pennsylvania (Keith) complained of him to the Lords of the Privy Seal, and he was summoned to England, but did not go. He died in Burlington, N. J., Nov. 29, 1727.

escaped in a boat, and the Romney soon freed herself without injury. The other war-vessels fled out of the harbor in alarm. Talbot received a severe wound in the defence of Fort Mifflin, and gave material aid to General Sullivan on Rhode Island in 1778. A few weeks later he captured a British floating battery anchored in one of the channels commanding Newport, and for this exploit was commissioned captain. In his prize (the Pigot) he cruised off the New England coast, capturing several prizes. In 1780 he was captured and confined in the prison-ship Jersey, removed to England, and ex

Talbot, SILAS, naval officer; born in Dighton, Mass., in 1751; was captain in a Rhode Island regiment at the siege of changed in 1781. After the war he purBoston; accompanied the American army to New York; and, for skilful operations with fire-rafts against the British shipping there, received from Congress the commission of major. In the summer of

SILAS TALBOT.

1776 he accepted the command of a fire brig on the Hudson. By orders of Washington, after gaining Harlem Heights (Sept. 15), Talbot attempted the destruction of the British vessels of war lying off the present 124th Street, New York City. At 2 A.M. on the 16th, when it was dark and cloudy, Talbot left his hidingplace under the Palisades, 3 or 4 miles above Fort Lee, ran down the river with a fair wind, and, grappling the Romney, set his brig on fire. The crew of the brig

chased the confiscated estate of Sir William Johnson, near the Mohawk River: served in the New York Assembly, and was a member of Congress in 1793-94. He was employed in 1794 to superintend the construction of the frigate Constitution, which, in 1799, was his flag-ship in a cruise to the West Indies. He resigned Sept. 21, 1801. He died in New York City, June 30, 1813.

Talcott, ANDREW, civil engineer; born in Glastonbury, Conn., April 20, 1797; graduated at the United States Military Academy, and commissioned second lieutenant in the engineer corps in 1818; served for a year on construction duty; then accompanied Gen. Henry Atkinson as engineer on the expedition to establish military posts on the upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. On his return he was engaged on the construction of the defences of Hampton Roads, Va., till 1835. He resigned his commission in 1836. He devised the Talcott method for determining territorial latitudes by observations of stars near the zenith. He died in Richmond, Va., April 22, 1883.

Talcott, GEORGE, military officer; born in Glastonbury, Conn., Dec. 6, 1786; joined the army in 1813; promoted first lieutenant in March, 1814; served through the Mexican War, being promoted colonel and chief of ordnance in March, 1848. On Nov. 6, 1850, he sent a letter without the knowledge of the Secretary of War to Colonel Huger, commandant of the arsenal at Fort Monroe, respecting the purchase of ammunition, on the receipt of which Colonel Huger made a contract to buy a large quantity of shot and shell.

Indians.

When this fact became known to the War were the Spanish arms, an evidence of the Department Talcott was court-martialled, complicity of the Spaniards with the found guilty, and forced to retire on July 8, 1851. Many prominent men declared Tallasahatchee, BATTLE AT. The masthe sentence unjust and illegal, and at- sacre at Fort Mims (see MIMS, FORT, tempts were made to reinstate him, but MASSACRE AT) stirred the indignation of without success. Hon. John C. Spencer the whole people of the Southwest. A wrote a Review of the trial to prove the cry for help went northward. Jackson error of the judgment. Talcott died in was then prostrate at a Nashville inn, Albany, N. Y., April 25, 1862. from the effects of a bullet received from

Talcott, JOHN, military officer; born the hands of Thomas H. Benton, in a in Braintree, England, about 1630; came duel. He appealed to the Tennesseeans to to the United States with his father, and take the field, promising to be with them settled in Boston, and later in Hartford, as soon as possible. Five thousand men Conn.; was made ensign of colonial troops speedily responded. Jackson despatched in 1650; became captain in 1660; elected (Sept. 26, 1813) Gen. John Coffee, with a deputy of the colony of Connecticut; 500 dragoons and as many mounted voltreasurer of the colony in 1660-76; and unteers as could join him immediately, was one of the patentees named in the towards the Creek country. Jackson, with charter granted to Connecticut in 1662 his arm in a sling, joined him soon afterby Charles I. He served in the Indian wards, and drilled his troops thoroughly War of 1676 as major, and in June of that for the emergency. When he arrived at year, at the head of the "standing army" the Coosa he was informed that the hos of Connecticut, accompanied by 200 Mohi- tile Creeks were assembled at Tallasahatcan and Pequod Indians, fought a success- chee, a town in an open woodland. Jackful battle at the Housatonic. He was son sent the stalwart Coffee, with 1,000 promoted lieutenant-colonel during the horsemen, to attack them. He was accomwar. Many of his official papers are pre- panied by friendly Creeks and Cherokees. served among the State records in Hart- On the morning of Oct. 3, by a manœuvre, ford., He died in Hartford, Conn., July the Indians were decoyed out of the town, 23, 1688. when they fell upon the Tennesseeans Talladega, BATTLE AT. On the evening furiously. They were immediately smitten of Nov. 8, 1813, Gen. Andrew Jackson and by a volley of bullets and a charge of the his troops were resting within 6 miles of cavalry. The Creeks fought valiantly. Talladega, one of the chief gathering- Inch by inch they were pushed back by the places of the hostile Creek Indians in narrowing circle of their assailants, who Talladega county, Ala., a little east of the attacked them at all points. Not one Coosa River. Jackson's forces were com- would ask quarter, but fought as long as posed of 1,200 infantry and 800 mounted he could wield a weapon. Every warrior men. He disposed them for action so as was killed. In falling back to their vilto enclose the foe in a circle of armed lage, they became mingled with the women men. He moved at sunrise, Nov. 9. When and children, and some of these were slain. the attack began the Indians rushed out Fully 200 Indians perished, and eightywith great fury, and their yells at first four women and children were made so alarmed the militia that some of them prisoners. The loss of the Americans was fell back, but were soon rallied and fought five killed and forty-one wounded, most of gallantly. The battle soon became general, them slightly. Having destroyed the town and raged for about fifteen minutes, when and buried the dead, Coffee marched back the Indians broke and fled in all direc- to Jackson's camp on the Coosa, followed tions. They were pursued for several by a train of sorrowful captives. Thus miles, and over 300 of the dusky war- was commenced the fearful chastisement riors were slain, besides a large number of the Indians for their work at Fort wounded. The Americans lost fifteen Mims.

killed and eighty-five wounded. Among Tallmadge, BENJAMIN, military offithe few trophies of victory borne back to cer; born in Brookhaven, N. Y., Feb. the Coosa was a coarse banner, on which 25, 1754; entered the patriot army as

lieutenant of a Connecticut regiment in Dutch Church in Belleville, N. J., in the June, 1776, and soon rose to the rank of same year; was pastor of the Central colonel. In 1779-80 he was engaged in Presbyterian Church (popularly known as expeditions against bodies of British and Tories on Long Island, and was in some of the principal battles of the war. In

Tallinadge

the Tabernacle) of Brooklyn, in 1869-94, during which time this well-known place of worship was destroyed by fire three times. Feeling himself unable to stand the strain of building another church edifice, he removed to Washington, D. C. His sermons were published every week for twenty-nine years. In 1900 it was estimated that their publication in 3,600 papers carried them to no less than 30,000,000 people weekly throughout the world. He was editor of the Christian Herald for many years. He died in Washington, D. C., April 12, 1902.

Talon, PIERRE, explorer; born in Canada after 1650; was with the La Salle expedition to Illinois in 1687. After the murder of La Salle he lived for a time with the Cenis Indians. Later he became an interpreter to Franciscan missionaries who had arrived at the village. Subsequently he went, with a sister and two the fall of 1780 he had the custody of brothers, to Mexico. He wrote an acMajor André until after that officer's count of La Salle's death in a work enexecution. He was long in Washington's titled Narrative of Pierre and Jean Tamilitary family, and was his confidential lon, by the Order of Count Ponchartrain, correspondent. He became a successful to their Arrival at Vera Cruz, Sept. 14, merchant, and, from 1801 to 1817, was 1698. He died after 1700. a member of Congress. He died in Litchfield, Conn., March 7, 1835.

Tammany, Sr., a great and good chief of the Delaware Indians, called Tamenand Tallmadge, JAMES, lawyer; born in by the early settlers of Pennsylvania. He Stamford, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1778; graduated is supposed to have been one of those at Brown University in 1798; studied law who made the famous treaty with WILLand practised for several years; but later IAM PENN (q. v.). He was revered by turned his attention to agriculture. He the Delawares almost like a deity, and was for some time private secretary to old and young went to him for counsel. Gen. George Clinton; had command of a He never had his equal among them. regiment in New York during the War of In the Revolutionary War the admirers 1812-15; was member of Congress in 181719, and introduced an amendment to the bill restricting slavery to the region west of the Mississippi; was a member of the State legislature in 1825-26; visited Russia and introduced American machinery there in 1835; and was one of the founders of the University of the City of New York. He died in New York, Sept. 29, 1853.

Talmadge, THOMAS DE WITT, clergyman; born in Bound Brook, N. J., Jan. 7, 1832; studied at the University of the City of New York, and graduated at the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1856; was ordained pastor of the Reformed

of the good chief conferred upon him the title of saint, and he was established as the patron saint of America. His name was inserted in some calendars, and his festival was celebrated on May 1 of each year. After the Revolution an association was formed in Philadelphia, called the Tammany Society. On May 1 they paraded the streets, with bucktails in their hats, and proceeded to a pleasant retreat out of town, which they called the "wigwam," where, after a long talk, or Indian "palaver," had been delivered, and the calumet of peace and friendship had been duly smoked, they spent the

day in festivity and mirth. After dinner to the organization, and from that time Indian dances were performed in front it became a political society. They met of the wigwam, the calumet was again smoked, and the company separated.

at first in Martling's Long Room, on the corner of Nassau and Frankfort streets. Tammany Society, or Columbian Or- In 1800 the society determined to build der, a political organization formed chief- a wigwam, and Tammany Hall was erectly through the exertions of William Moo- ed by them on that spot. Many years afney, an upholsterer in the city of New terwards they abandoned the old wigwam York, at the beginning of the administra- and made their quarters in a fine buildtion of President Washington. Its first ing on Fourteenth Street, adjoining the meeting was held on May 13, 1789. The Academy of Music. Although the actual society took its name from St. Tammany. The officers of the society consisted of a grand sachem and thirteen inferior sachems, representing the President and the governors of the thirteen States. Besides these there was a grand council, of which the sachems were members. It was a

TAMMANY HALL.

very popular society and patriotic in its influence. Its membership included most of the best men of New York City. No party politics were tolerated in its meetings.

But when Washington denounced "self-constituted societies," in consequence of the violent resistance to law made by the secret Democratic societies, at the time of the WHISKEY INSURRECTION (q. v.), nearly all the members left it, believing their society to be included in the reproof. Mooney and others adhered

membership of the society embraced only a few hundred men, it has been able for many years to control and poll many thousand votes and wield an immense power in the politics both of New York City and of the State. Its connection with the gigantic frauds of the Tweed ring led to a natural reaction and a temporary check. But it soon recovered its prestige and increased power. See NEW YORK CHRONOLOGY, in this volume.

Tampa, a city, port of entry, and county seat of Hillsboro county, Fla. During the American-Spanish War in 1898 it was one of the rendezvous for the American army when being assembled for the invasion of Cuba. Population (1900), 15,839.

Tampico, a seaport town of Mexico, in the State of Tamaulipas, on the Panuco River, 5 miles from the Gulf of Mexico; was taken possession of by the fleet of Commodore Conner, Nov. 14, 1846, in the early part of the war with Mexico.

Taney, ROGER BROOKE, jurist; born in Calvert county, Md., March 17, 1777; graduated at Dickinson College in 1795; admitted to the bar in 1799. He was of a family of English Roman Catholics who settled in Maryland. At the age of twenty-three he was a member of the Maryland Assembly; was State Senator in 1816, and attorney-general of Maryland in 1827. In 1831 President Jackson appointed him United States AttorneyGeneral, and in 1836 he was appointed chief-justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, to succeed Judge Marshall. In 1857 he gave his famous opinion in the DRED SCOTT CASE (q. v.), and was an earnest upholder of the slave-system. He died in Washington, D. C., Oct. 12, 1864.

Tanner, BENJAMIN, engraver; born in New York City, March 27, 1775; removed to Philadelphia, Pa., in 1799, and with his brother Henry founded a map-publishing