Barge, ii, 320; comments on Barge's
decision, ii, 326.

PADILLA, GENERAL JOSÉ, passes Fort San
Carlos, i, 55; wins naval victory of
Maracaibo, i, 57; murdered by Bolívar's
order, i, 65-66.

Paez, José Antonio defeats royalists at
Chire, i, 26; gains victory at Apure, i,
29; victory of Mucuritas, i, 30; defeats
royalists at San Felix, i, 30; defeats
Morillo, i, 33; captures San Fernando,
i, 33; defeated at Onoto, i, 34; defeats
Spaniards at Queseras del Medio, i, 36;
brilliant work at Carabobo, i, 46-47;
resigns but withdraws resignation, i, 49;
abandons siege of Puerto Cabello, i,
50; captures Puerto Cabello, i, 57-58;
favors establishing a monarchy, i, 60;
reclutes citizens, i, 61; impeachment
and rebellion, i, 61; decrees Venezuelan
independence, i, 63; becomes president,
i, 70; biographical sketch i, 214.
Palma, T. Estrada, President of Cuba, i,
170; ii, 553; calls for volunteers, i, 172;
calls extraordinary session of Congress,
i, 176; declares martial law, i, 177; re-
signs presidency, i, 181; ii, 557.
Panama Canal, the Clayton-Bulwer treaty,

ii, 196; DeLesseps' French Canal Com-
pany, ii, 196; the Hay-Pauncefote
treaty, ii, 196; Isthmian Canal commis-
sion, ii, 197; canal company sells to
United States, ii, 197; Hay-Herran
treaty, ii, 197; Colombian generals ex-
pect an El Dorado, ii, 197; fabulous
estimates by Colombian jefes, ii, 199;
the Project of Law, ii, 199; views of
Samper, Silva, Iriarte, Groot, et al., ii,
198; magnitude of the attempted hold-
up, ii, 199; value of land needed for
canal purposes, ii, 200; revolution,
crime and disease in Canal zone, ii, 201;
Hay-Herran treaty rejected, ii, 199;
Panama revolution, ii, 200; independ-
ence recognized by United States, ii,
201; Hay-Varilla convention, ii, 201;
Panama Massacre, cause of hostility
toward Americans, ii, 203; one thousand
Americans in transit to California, ii,
203; men women and children robbed
and murdered, ii, 205; Richard Belle-
ville's description of assault, ii, 203;
G. M. Totten's statement, ii, 205; eigh-
teen Americans killed, ten mortally
wounded, fifty seriously injured by
Panama police and people, ii, 206; re-
port of Commander T. Bailey, U. S. N.,
ii, 206; American Commissioner Cor-
wine's report, ii, 206; police and military
aided mob, ii, 204, 205, 206; Captain
Allen McLane's statement, ii, 207;
women and children assaulted in rail-

way station, ii, 208; President Franklin
Pierce does nothing, ii, 209.
Panama Riot Claims Convention of Sep-
tember 10, 1857, ii, 265; commission
meets at Washington, ii, 265; personnel
of commission, ii, 265; quibbles by
New Granada's representative, ii, 266;
number of claims, îì, 266; list of partial
awards, ii, 266; the umpire cases, ii,
267; protest by Colombia, ii, 267; Mr.
Seward's action in umpire cases, ii, 267;
new convention of February 10, 1864,
ii, 268; Attorney-General Speed's opin-
ion, ii, 268; decision of Umpire Frederick
W. A. Bruce, ii, 268; substantially all
claims disallowed, ii, 268.

Pan-American Conferences; conference at
Panama, ii, 423; Lima, 1847, ii, 423;
Santiago, 1856, ii, 423; Lima, 1864, ii,
423; Montevideo, 1888-1889, ii, 424;
Washington, 1889, ii, 425; report on
rights of foreigners, ii, 425; conference
at Mexico City, 1901, ii, 426; Castro's
cablegram; ii, 426; committees ap-
pointed, ii, 427; intrigues, ii, 477; de-
bate on arbitration, ii, 428; Chili's pro-
posed regulation of foreigners, ii, 428;
resolution about foreigners, ii, 428; cod-
ification of international law, ii, 429;
Pan American railway scheme, ii, 430;
international bank scheme, ii, 430; con-
ference at Rio de Janeiro, 1906, ii, 431;
Elihu Root's address, ii, 431; program,
ii, 434; resolutions, ii, 434; naturaliza-
tion, ii, 437; proposed changes in in-
ternational law, ii, 437; fourth Pan
American Congress, ii, 438.

Paraguay, classification, i, 267; currency,
i, 476; finance, i, 483; population, i,
526; mining and minerals, i, 501; presi-
dential elections, i, 322-323; historical
outline, i, 155–156; export charges, i,
471-472; Fort Itapiru fires on U. S. S.
Water Witch, ii, 277; Buchanan dis-
patches naval force to Paraguay, ii, 277.

Presidents. Francia, 1816, i, 155;
Lopez (Carlos A.), 1841, i, 155; Lopez
(Francisco Solano), 1862, i, 155; for
other rulers see i, 156.
Passports, for entrance into Venezuela, i,
540; for exit from Venezuela, i, 540;
for shipping merchandise, i, 541; for
leaving Haiti, i, 541-542; in Uruguay,
i, 542; Secretary John Sherman's rul-
ings, i, 543.

Pears, Frank, murdered by Honduran
soldiers, ii, 13.

Peixoto, Floriano, becomes Vice-President
of Brazil, 1891, i, 110; becomes Dictator,
1892, i, 111; attempted impeachment,
i, 308.
Pelletier, Antonio, case against Haiti, ii,
296; award by Judge Strong, ii, 297;

award set aside by Secretary Bayard, ii,

298.
Penfield, William L., discusses interven-
tion, ii, 361; cites resolution of Senate
Committee, 1818, ii, 361; demands in-
ternational justice, ii, 362.
Permanency, lack of, in material improve-
ments, ii, 616; in intellectual work, ii,

617.

Peru, classification, i, 267; currency, i, 479;
finance, i, 483; railroading, i, 507;
population, i, 526; area, i, 525; mining
and minerals, i, 495-497; presidential
elections, i, 294-296; historical outline,
i, 93-102; repudiates contracts, i, 519-
520; national characteristics, i, 398-
399; administration of justice, i, 373;
Peru-Chilian war with Spain, ii, 403.

Presidents. San Martin, 1821, i, 93;
Alvarado, 1822, i, 93; Aguero, 1823, i,
94; Sucré, 1823, i, 94; Lara, 1826, i,
94; La Mar, 1827, i, 94; Gamarra,
1829, i, 94; sundry Presidents, 1834, i,
95; Santa Cruz et al, 1836, i, 95; Ga-
marra, 1839, i, 95; Vidal et al, 1842, i,
95; Menendez, 1844, i, 95; Castilla,
1845, i, 95; Echenique, 1851, i, 95;
Castilla, 1854, i, 95; San Roman, 1862,
i, 96; Canseco, 1863, i, 96; Pezet, 1863,
i, 96; Prado, 1865, i, 96; Canseco, 1868,

97; Balta, 1868, i, 97; Gutierrez,
1872, i, 97; Zavallos, 1872, i, 98; Prado,
1872, i, 98; Prado, 1876, i, 98; La
Puerta, 1879, i, 99; Pierola, 1879, i, 99;
Calderon, 1881, i, 99; Iglesias, et al,
1881, i, 99; Caceres, 1885, i, 100; Ber-
mudez, 1890, i, 100; Borgono, 1894, i,
100; Caceres, 1894, i, 100; Pierola,
1895, i, 101; Romana, 1899, i, 101; Can-
damo, 1903, i, 101; Calderon, 1904, i,
101; Prado, 1904, i, 101.
Peruvian Claims Commissions, convention
of December 20, 1862, ii, 283; seizure
of Steamers Lizzie Thompson and Geor-
giana, ii, 283; Vivanco's provisional gov-
ernment, ii, 283; diplomatic relations
severed, ii, 284; diplomatic relations
re-established, ii, 284; King of Belgium
appointed arbitrator, ii, 284; King de-
clines to serve, ii, 284; case abandoned
by the United States, ii, 284; conven-
tion of January 12, 1863, ii, 284; per-
sonnel of commission, ii, 285; claims
presented against Peru, ii, 285; deci-
sions and awards, ii, 285; claims decided
unfavorably, ii, 285; claims of Easton,
Barney, and Allen, ii, 286; convention
of December 4, 1868, ii, 287; personnel
of commission, ii, 287; claims presented
against Peru, ii, 287; claims dismissed
or disallowed, ii, 288; awards by the
commission, ii, 288; Frank Isaacs,
store plundered, ii, 288; Charles Weile,

imprisonment, ii, 289; Ruden & Co.,
property looted, ii, 289; George Hill,
imprisonment, ii, 289; Richard T. John-
son, property destroyed, ii, 289; conven-
tion of March 17, 1841, ii, 292; sum
paid for seizure of American vessels, ii,
292.

Petión, President of Haiti, aids Bolívar,
i, 26.

Philippine Islands, protocol of annexation,
ii, 550; commissioners, ii, 550; Philip-
pines acquired in accordance with inter-
national law, ii, 563; moral and legal
duty of the United States, ii, 563; ban-
dits in Philippine Islands, ii, 564; Curtis
describes conditions, ii, 564; propaganda
of Philippine independence, i, 565; Phil-
ippine independence committee, ii, 566;
discussion of independence, ii, 567;
Philippine progress to date, ii, 568;
Dewey's victory at Manilla, ii, 570; ad-
vantages of retaining islands, ii, 571;
attitude of American government, ii,
573; Roosevelt's message to Congress,
ii, 574; Seymour's views, ii, 574; the
Supreme Court's views, ii, 575; Philip-
pines an integral part of the United
States, ii, 575; Philippine tariffs wrong,
ii, 575; should have full protection of
constitution, ii, 575; constitutional
provisions, ii, 576.

Phillips, Wendell, oration on slavery, ii,
464; criticism of Choate, ii, 601.
Piar, Manuel Carlos, takes possession of
Barcelona, i, 18; severely defeated by
Bovés, i, 24; defeats Morales, i, 28; as-
saults Angostura, i, 30; aids Bolívar in
Haiti, i, 28, 29; defeats Latorre near
San Felix, i, 30: murdered by Bolívar's
order, i, 33; Bolívar defends the murder,
i, 209-211.

Picking, Captain Henry F., letter to Mr.
Thompson, i, 316.

Pierola, Nicolas de, inaugurates revolu-
tion at Pacocha, 1874, i, 98; promotes
revolution at Moquega, 1876, i, 98;
promotes new revolution at Callao,
1878, i, 98; in exile, offers services to
Peru, 1879, i, 99; defeated and escapes
to Europe, i, 99; starts revolution
against Caceres, 1894, i, 100; slaughter
in Lima, 1895, i, 101; becomes ruler of
Peru, 1895, i, 101; defeated at Lima, i,
139.

Plumley, Frank, statement of Calvo Doc-
trine, ii, 48-51; decision in Kelly case, ii,
69; decision in Topaze case, ii, 74; de-
cision in Cobham case, ii, 84; decision
in Fabiani case, ii, 85; decision in
French Company of Venezuelan Rail-
roads case, ii, 334; amount of award, ii,
347; comments on decision, ii, 352.
Politics, corruption in American, ii, 618;

corrupt rule in New York, ii, 619; cor-
rupt rule in Philadelphia, ii, 619; cor-
rupt rule in Chicago, ii, 620; corrupt
rule in St. Louis, ii, 620; corruption in
State Legislatures, ii, 620; municipal
government, generally, ii, 621; the po-
litical machine, ii, 624.

Polk, James K., statement in Congress re-
garding Monroe Doctrine, ii, 387; offers
to purchase Cuba of Spain, ii, 391; urges
Monroe Doctrine as excuse for annexing
Texas, ii, 392; message December 2,
1845, extending Monroe Doctrine, ii,
393; message April 29, 1848, regarding
Yucatan, ii, 395; proposed annexation
of Texas and Oregon, ii, 541; compro-
mises boundary of Northwest Territory,
ii, 544.

Ponce de Leon, Dr. S., essay on Colonial
system of Spain, i, 299, 300; administra-
tion of justice, i, 369-371; elements of
good citizenship, i, 490–492.
Population, of European countries, ii, 25;

of Latin America, ii, 469; classification,
ii, 469; Spaniards, peons, etc., ii, 469;
mixed breeds, the ruling class, ii, 470.
Port Charges, in Honduras, i, 469–470; in
Guatemala, i, 470-471; in Paraguay, i,
471-472.

Porto Rico, population, ii, 499; statistics
of commerce, ii, 500.
Ports, closed by decrees, i, 523.
Portuguese, important element in Brazil, i,

380-381.

Powell, W. F., reports assassination of
Pres. Heureaux, 330; revolution in

Santo Domingo, i, 331-333; revolution
in Haiti, i, 334-346.

Press, lack of freedom in Latin America, i,

428; suppression of newspapers, i, 430.
Prisons, Latin American, generally, i, 534;
San Carlos, i, 535–537.

Protectorate, advocated for certain Latin-
American countries, ii, 635; congres-
sional action needed, ii, 635; rights of|
consuls, ii, 636; consulate as an asylum,
ii, 636; passports, ii, 636; forcible de-
tention, ii, 636; entry of American ves-
sels, ii, 636; interference with naviga-
tion, ii, 636; invalidating contracts, ii,
636; asylum, ii, 637; seizure of pas-
sengers, ii, 637; mercenary and tyran-
nical officials, ii, 637.

QUIROGA, JUAN FACUNDO, a criminal
tyrant of Argentina, i, 119; biographical
sketch, i, 261-262.

RACES, mixed, i, 382–388.

Railroading, general description, i, 506;
statistics in South America, i, 507;
Venezuelan conditions, i, 508; com-
parative mileage, i, 509-510; railways

in Argentina, i, 510-511; a liberal policy
needed, i, 511-513.

Ralston, J. H., decision in Poggioli case,
ii, 63; Di Caro case, ii, 70; Cesarino
case, ii, 71; Giacopini case, ii, 74; Sam-
biaggio case, ii, 104; Tagliaferro case,
ii, 114; Gentini case, ii, 115; Mazzei
case, ii, 115; De Caro case, ii, 116.
Rebolledo, Rear Admiral, blockades Iqui-
que, i, 136; bombards Mollendo, i, 136,
Reclutas, see generally i, 278-281; in
Haiti i, 344; island of Margarita, 1824,
i, 59; by Latorre at Coro, i, 49; by
Bolivar in Venezuela, i, 59.

Reid, Whitelaw, discusses Monroe Doc-
trine, ii, 452; urges annexation of Philip-
pines, ii, 549.

Revolutionary generals, fate of, i, 219–220.
Revolutionary outrages, indemnity claims
for, ii, 88; attacks on foreigners, ii, 89;
international law applicable to, ii, 89–90.
Revolutions (see wars; elections; gener-
ally, vol. i, chapters i to xvii), in-
dependence, i, 13-39; against Spanish
misrule, i, 14; Paez' rebellion, i, 61, 62;
against Bolívar in Peru, etc., i, 63, 64;
general uprising in Venezuela, i, 64;
Mariño's "La Reforma,” i, 72; revolts
in department of Panama, i, 83-85;
Cuban, 1906, i, 170-184; Ecuador,
1906, 1, 185-187; Colombia, 1906, i,
187; Brazil, 1906, i, 187; Santo Do-
mingo, 1906, i, 188-189; Central
America, 1906-1907, i, 189-194; Rio
Janeiro, 1831, i, 105; Pernambuco,
1824, i, 104; Argentina, i, 115–127;
Bolivia, i, 86-89; Brazil, i, 103-114;
Colombia, i, 79–85; Chili, i, 128–144;
Costa Rica, i, 169; Ecuador, i, 90–92;
Guatemala, i, 167-168; Haiti, i, 157–
158; Honduras, i, 164-167; Mexico, i,
159-163; Nicaragua, i, 168-169; Peru,
i, 93-102; Paraguay, i, 155-156; Santo
Domingo, i, 157-158; Salvador, i, 168;
Uruguay, i, 145-154; Venezuela, i, 68-
78; alleged participation in by foreign-
ers, ii, 145; foreigners forced to con-
tribute towards, ii, 142; revolutionary
forces attempt to levy tribute, ii, 143;
aid of Matos revolution by Bermudez
Co., ii, 146; limit of corporate responsi-
bility, ii, 146; French Cable Co. case, ii,

147.

Reyes, Rafael, character sketch, i, 232;
supports Marroquin, i, 329; becomes
President of Colombia, i, 83.
Roberts, William R., reports speech in
Chilian Senate, ii, 210.

Roca, Julio A., opposes Mitré, 1874, i, 121;
becomes Minister of War, 1878, i, 121;
becomes President, 1880, i, 122; actions
as President, i, 123-127; character
sketch, i. 231.