The following gives the area of our country, and when and how

1871-80.

Total

Natural.

Immigration.

per Cent.

28.02

4.65

32.67

26.19

9.68

35.87

24.20

11.38

35.58

15.38

7.25

22.63

The increase of population since 1730 has averaged 32 per cent. every 10 years. At this rate there will be eighty-eight millions in 1900.

The increase of population in Europe since the fourteenth century is as follows, according to Mulhall (thousands omitted):

7,500 8,800 8,150 9,200 9,960 16,290 ·

33,600 46,700 59,250 73,032 |109,881 | 285,134

GOVERNMENT SALARIES.

The salary of the President of the United States is $50,000 a year, the Vice President, $8,000; Cabinet officers, $8,000. Senators, $5,000 and mileage; Congressmen, $5,000 and mileage. Chief Justice Supreme Court, $10,500; associate Justices, $10,The diplomats get good pay: Ministers to Germany,

000.

Great Britain, France and Russia, $17,500; Ministers to Brazil, China, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Japan and Spain, $12,000; Ministers to Chili, Peru and Central America, $10,000; Ministers to Argentine Confederation, Hawaiian Islands, Belgium, Hayti, Colombia, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey and Venezuela, $7,500; Ministers to Switzerland, Denmark, Paraguay, Bolivia and Portugal, $5,000; Ministers to Liberia, $4,000. The heads of the Government departments receive: Superintendent of Bureau of Engraving and Printing, $4,500; Public Printer, $4,500; Superintendent of Census, $5,000; Superintendent of Naval Observatory, $5,000; Superintendent of the Signal Service, $4,000; Director of Geological Surveys, $6,000; Director of the Mint, $4,500; Commissioner of General Land Office, $4,000; Commissioner of Pensions, $3,600; Commissioner of Agriculture, $3,00); Commissioner of Indian Affairs, $3,000; Commissioner of Education, $3,000; Commander of Marine Corps, $3,500; Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey, $6,000.

The pay of army officers is fixed as follows: General, $13,500; Lieut. -General, $11,000; Major-General, $7,500; BrigadierGeneral, $5,500; Colonel, $3,500, Lieutenant-Colonel, $3,000; Major, $2,500; Captain, mounted, $2,000; Captain, not mounted, $1,800; Regimental Adjutant, $1,800; Regimental Quartermaster, $1,800; 1st Lieutenant, mounted, $1,600; 1st Lieutenant, not mounted, $1,500; 2d Lieutenant, mounted, $1,500; 2d Lieutenant, not mounted, $1,400; Chaplain, $1,500. The navy salaries are : Admiral, $13,000; Vice-Admiral, $9,000; Rear-Admiral, $6,000: Commodore, $5,000; Captain, $4,500; Commander, $3,500; Lieut-Commander, $2,800; Lieutenant, $2,400; Master, $1,800, Ensign, $1,200; Midshipman, $1,000; Cadet Midshipman, $500; Mate, $900; Medical and Pay Director and Medical and Pay Inspector and Chief Engineer, $4,400; Fleet Surgeon, Fleet Pay master and Fleet Engineer, $4,400; Surgeon and Paymaster, $2, Soo; Chaplain, $2,500.

STATE AND TERRITORIAL CAPITALS.

Alabama, Montgomery; Arizona, Prescott; Arkansas, Little Rock; California, Sacramento; Colorado, Denver; Connecticut, Hartford; North Dakota, Bismarck; South Dakota, Pierre, Delaware, Dover; Florida, Tallahassee; Georgia, Atlanta; Idaho, Boise City; Illinois, Springfield; Indiana, Indianapolis; Indian Territory, Tahlequah; Iowa, Des Moines; Kansas, 10peka; Kentucky, Frankfort; Louisiana, Baton Rouge; Maine, Augusta; Maryland, Annapolis; Massachusetts, Boston; Michigan, Lansing; Minnesota, St. Paul; Mississippi, Jackson; Missouri, Jefferson City; Montana, Helena; Nebraska, Lincoln; Nevada, Carson City; New Hampshire, Concord;

phia, 1682. One of the thirteen original States. eighth in horses and sheep. First settlement, English, Philadeldistilled liquors; sixth in salt, copper and agricultural implements; way; fourth in oats and tobacco; fifth in silk goods, wool, malt and printing and publishing; third in milch cows, hay and miles of railcoal; second in population, manufactures, buckwheat, potatoes, PENNSYLVANIA ranks first in rye, iron and steel, petroleum,

RHODE ISLAND ranks second among the States of the Union in cotton, flax and linen goods, thirty-third in population. The first settlement was by the English at Providence in 1636. One of the thirteen original States.

New Jersey, Trenton; New Mexico Territory, Santa Fe; New York, Albany; North Carolina, Raleigh; Ohio, Columbus ; Oregon, Salem; Pennsylvania, Harrisburg; Rhode Island, Newport and Providence; South Carolina, Columbia; Tennessee, Nashville; Texas, Austin; Utah Territory, Salt Lake City; Vermont, Montpelier; Virgina, Richmond; Washington, Olympia; West Virginia, Wheeling; Wisconsin, Madison; Wyoming Territory, Cheyenne.

Portraits on Bank Notes and Postage Stamps.

On United States notes-$1, Washington; $2, Jefferson; $5. Jackson; $10, Webster; $20, Hamilton; $50, Franklin; $100, Lincoln; $500, General Mansfield; $1,000, De Witt Clinton; $5,000, Madison; $10,000, Jackson. On silver certificates-$10, Robert Morris; $20, Commodore Decatur; $50, Edward Everett; $100, James Monroe; $500, Charles Sumner, and $1,000, W. L. Marcy. On gold notes-$20, Garfield; $50, Silas Wright; $100. Thomas H. Benton; $500, A. Lincoln; $1,000, Alexander Hamilton; $5,000, James Madison; $10,000, Andrew Jackson.

Those which appear on postage stamps are: On 10-cent stamp, the head of Jefferson, from life-size statue by Powers; 6-cent, Lincoln, from bust by Volk; 5-cent, Garfield; 4-cent, Jackson; 2-cent, Washington, after Houdin's bust; 1-cent, Franklin, from profile bust by Rubicht. Postal card, Jefferson.

SYMBOLIC MEANING OF COLORS.-White was the emblem of light, religious purity, innocence, faith, joy and life. In the judge, it indicates integrity; in the sick, humility; in the woman, chastity.

Red, the ruby, signifies fire, divine love, heat of the creative power, and royalty. White and red roses express love and wisdom. The red color of the blood has its origin in the action of the heart, which corresponds to, or symbolizes, love. In a bad sense red corresponds to the infernal love of evil, hatred, etc. Blue, or the sapphire, expresses heaven, the firmament, truth from a celestial origin, constancy and fidelity.

Yellow, or gold, is the symbol of the sun, of the goodness of God, of marriage and faithfulness. In a bad sense yellow signifies inconstancy, jealousy and deceit.

Green, the emerald, is the color of the spring of hope, particularly of the hope of immortality and of victory, as the color of the laurel and palm.

Violet, the amethyst, signifies love and truth, or passion and suffering. Purple and scarlet signify things good and true from a celestial origin.

Black corresponds to despair, darkness, earthiiness, mourning, negation, wickedness and death.