It follows, then, that when we endeavor, without the aid of any system, to recall a forgotten fact or name, our memory presents to us words of similar sound or meaning in its journey toward the goal to which we have started it. This goes to show that our ideas are arranged in groups in whatever secret cavity or recess of the brain they occupy, and that the arrangement is one not alphabetical exactly, and not entirely by meaning, but after some fashion partaking of both.

If you are looking for the word "meadow" you may reach "middle" before you come to it, or " Mexico," or many words beginning with the " m sound, or containing the "dow," as "window" 66 or dough," or you may get "field" or "farm"but you are on the right track, and if you do not interfere with your intellectual process you will finally come to the idea which you are seeking.

How often have you heard people say, "I forget his name, it is something like Beadle or Beagle-at any rate it begins with a B." Each and all of these were unconscious Loisettians, and they were practicing blindly, and without proper method or direction, the excellent system which he teaches. The thing, then, to do— and it is the final and simple truth which Loisette teaches-is to travel over this ground in the other direction-to cement the fact which you wish to remember to some other fact or word which you know will be brought out by the implied conditions— and thus you will always be able to travel from your given starting-point to the thing which you wish to call to mind.

b

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To illustrate let the broken line in the annexed diagram represent a train of thought. If we connect the idea "a" with ‘e" through the steps b, c and d, the tendency of the mind ever afterwards will be to get to e from a that way, or from any of the intermediates that way. It seems as though a channel were cut in our mind-stuff along which the memory flows. d How to make it flow this way will be seen later on. Loisette, in common with all the mnemonic teachers, uses the old device of representing numbers by and as this is the first and easiest step in the art, this seems to be the most logical place to introduce the accepted equivalents of the Arabic numerals :

letters

O is always represented by s, z or c soft.

1 is always represented by t, th or d.

2 is always represented by n.

3 is always represented by m.

4 is always represented by r.

5 is always represented by l.

6 is always represented by sh, j, ch soft or g soft.

is always represented by g hard, kc hard, q or final ng. 8 is always represented by for v.

9 is always represented by p or b.

All the other letters are used simply to fill up. Double letters in a word count only as one. In fact the sytem goes by sound, not by spelling-for instance "this" or "dizzy" would stand for ten; "catch" or "gush" would stand for 76, and the only difficulty is to make some word or phrase which will contain only the significant letters in the proper order, filled out with nonsignificants into some guise of meaning or intelligibility.* Suppose you wished to get some phrase or word that would express the number 3685, you arrange the letters this way:

You can make out "image of law," "my shuffle," "matchville," etc., etc., as far as you like to work it out.

Now, suppose you wished to memorize the fact that $1,000,000 in gold weighs 3,685 pounds, you go about it in this way, and here is the kernel and crux of Loisette's system:

"How much does $1,000,000 in gold weigh?”

"Weigh-scales."

"Scales-statue of Justice."

"Statue of Justice-image of law."

The process is simplicity itself. The thing you wish to recall, and that you fear to forget, is the weight; consequently you cement your chain of suggestion to the idea which is most

*You can remember the equivalents by noting the fact that z is the first letter of "zero," and c of "cipher," has but one stroke, n has two, m three. The scriptƒ is very like 8, the script like 9; r is the last letter of four, is the roman numeral for fifty, which suggests five. The others may be retained as memorizing these two nonsense lines:

Six shy Jewesses chase George
Seven great kings came quarreling.

prominent in your mental question. What do you weigh with? Scales. What does the mental picture of scales suggest? The statue of Justice, blindfolded and weighing out award and punishment to man. Finally, what is this statue of Justice but the image of law? and the words "image of law," translated back from the significant letters m, g soft, f and 7, give you 3-6-8-5, the number of pounds in $1,000,000 in gold. You bind together in your mind each separate step in the journey, the one suggests the other, and you will find a year from now that the fact will be as fresh in your memory as it is to-day. You cannot lose it. It is chained to you by an unbreakable mnemonic tie. Mark, that it is not claimed that "weight" will of itself suggest "scales " and "scales" "statue of Justice," etc., but that, having once passed your attention up and down that ladder of ideas, your mental tendency will be to take the same route, and get to the same goal again and again. Indeed, beginning with the weight of $1,000,000, "image of law" will turn up in your mind without your consciousness of any intermediate station on the way, after some iteration and reiteration of the original chain.

Again, so as to fasten the process in the reader's mind even more firmly, suppose that it were desired to fix the date of the battle of Hastings (A. D. 1066) in the memory; 1066 may be represented by the words "the wise judge " (th = 1, s = dg= 6; the others are non-significants); a chain might be made thus:

Battle of Hastings-arbitrament of war.
Arbitrament of war-arbitration.
Arbitration-judgment.
Judgment-the wise judge.

o, j = 6,

Make mental pictures, connect ideas, repeat words and sounds, go about it any way you please, so that you will form a mental habit of connecting the "battle of Hastings" with the idea of "arbitrament of war," and so on for the other links in the chain, and the work is done.

Loisette makes the beginning of his system unnecessarily difficult, to say nothing of his illogical arrangement in the grammar of the art of memory, which he makes the first of his lessons. He analyzes suggestion into

1. Inclusion.

2. Exclusion.

3. Concurrence.

All of which looks very scientific and orderly, but is really misleading, and badly named. The truth is that one idea will suggest another.

1. By likeness or opposition of meaning, as

"house" suggests

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room or "door," etc.; or, "white" suggests "black," cruel," "kind," etc.

2. By likeness of sound, as “harrow” and “barrow”; “Henry" and "Hennepin."

3. By mental juxtaposition, a peculiarity different in each person, and depending upon each one's own experiences. Thus, "St. Charles" suggests "railway bridge" to me, because I was vividly impressed by the breaking of the Wabash bridge at that point. "Stable" and "broken leg come near each other in my experience, so do “ COW and "shot-gun" and "licking." Out of these three sorts of suggestion it is possible to get from any one fact to any other in a chain certain and safe, along which the mind may be depended upon afterwards always to follow.

The chain is, of course, by no means all. Its making and its binding must be accompanied by a vivid, methodically directed attention, which turns all the mental light gettable in a focus upon the subject passing across the mind's screen. Before Loisette was thought of this was known. In the old times in England, in order to impress upon the mind of the rising generation the parish boundaries in the rural districts, the boys were taken to each of the landmarks in succession, the position and bearings of each pointed out carefully, and, in order to deepen the impression, the young people were then and there vigorously thrashed, a mechanical method of attracting the attention which was said never to have failed. This system has had its supporters in many of the old-fashioned schools, and there are men who will read these lines who can recall, with an itching sense of vivid expression, the 144 lickings which were said to go with the multiplication table.

In default of a thrashing, however, the student must cultivate as best he can an intense fixity of perception upon every fact or word or date that he wishes to make permanently his own. It is easy. It is a matter of habit. If you will you can photograph an idea upon your cerebral gelatine so that neither years nor events will blot it out or overlay it. You must be clearly and distinctly aware of the thing you are putting into your mental treasurehouse, and drastically certain of the cord by which you have tied it to some other thing of which you are sure. Unless it is worth your while to do this, you might as well abandon any hope of mnemonic improvement, which will not come without the hardest kind of hard work, although it is work that will grow constantly easier with practice and reiteration.

You need, then :

1. Methodic suggestion. 2. Methodic attention.

3. Methodic reiteration.

And this is all there is to Loisette, and a great deal it is. Two of them will not do without the third. You do not know how many steps there are from your hall door to your bed-room; though you have attended to and often reiterated the journey. But if there are twenty of them, and you have once bound the word "nice," or "nose," or "news," or "hyenas," to the fact of the stairway, you could never forget it.

The Professor makes a point, and very wisely, of the importance of working through some established chain, so that the whole may be carried away in the mind-not alone for the value of the facts so bound together, but for the mental discipline so afforded.

Here, then, is the "President Series," which contains the name and the date of inauguration of each president from Washington to Cleveland. The manner in which it is to be mastered is this: Beginning at the top, try to find in your mind some connection between each word and the one following it. See how you can at some future time make one suggest the next, either by suggestion of sound or sense, or by mental juxtaposition. When you have found this dwell on it attentively for a moment or two. Pass it backward and forward before then go on to the next step.

you, and The chain runs thus, the names of the presidents being in small caps, the date words in italics:

Chosen as the first word as the one most apt to occur to the mind of any one wishing to repeat the names of the presidents. President and dentist.

What does a dentist do?

When something is drawn from one it is given up. This is a date phrase meaning 1789.

There is an association of thought between giving up and selfsacrifice.

Associate the quality of self-sacrifice with Washington's charac

ter.

Washington and wash.

. Early wetness and dew.

..Dew and flowers.

...Flowers and bouquet. Date phrase (1797).

Bouquet and garden.

.The first garden.

Juxtaposition of thought.

.Suggestion by sound.

Juxtaposition of thought.

Fall and failure.

Upon a failure there is usually a deficit. Date word (1801).
.The consequence of a deficit.

Debt and bonds.

Confederate bonds.. Suggestion by meaning.

Jefferson Davis......Juxtaposition of thought.

JEFFERSON.

Now follow out the rest for yourself, taking about ten at a time, and binding those you do last to those you have done before each time, before attacking the next bunch.