Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations.-Concluded.

† No usury, but over six per cent. cannot be collected by law.

A TRIP AROUND THE WORLD.

From Atlantic cities to Omaha, Neb., via the great trunk lines of railway-about 1,400 miles, in 2 days and 2 hours.

From Omaha to San Francisco, Cal., via Union and Central Pacific railroads-1,914, in 4 days and 6 hours.

From San Francisco to Yokohama, Japan, by Pacific Mail line of steamers-4,700 miles, in 22 days.

From Yokohama to Hong Kong, China, by Pacific Mail or Peninsular and Oriental steamers-1,600 miles, in 6 days.

From Hong Kong to Calcutta, India, by Peninsular and Oriental steamers-3,500 miles in 14 days.

From Calcutta to Bombay, India, by the East Indian and Great Indian Peninsular railways-1,450 miles, in 3 days.

From Bombay to Suez, Egypt, by Peninsular and Oriental steamers-3,600 miles, in 14 days.

From Suez to Alexandria, Egypt, by rail-225 miles, in 10

hours.

From Alexandria to Brindisi, Italy, by Peninsular and Oriental steamers-850 miles, in 3 days.

Brindisi to London, Eng., by rail, via Paris or the Rhine-1,200 miles, in 3 days.

From London to Liverpool, Eng., by railway-200 miles, in 6

hours.

From Liverpool to the Atlantic cities, America, by either of the great Atlantic steamship lines-3,000 miles, in 10 days.

Total distance, 23,639 miles. Time, 82 days. Fare, about $1,100, with $4 per day for meals and incidentals; the total cost of the trip, $1,500.

Valuable Information for Owners and Locators of Mines.

W

HERE papers have once been filed with the Register and Receiver, they become a part of the record, and can neither be withdrawn nor returned, but must be transmitted to the General Land Office.

An application will be rejected when the description of the premises is erroneous or insufficient.

Application for patent will be rejected because:

I. The notice was published without the knowledge of the Register.

2.

The notice was not published in a newspaper designated as published nearest the claim.

3.

Record title was found defective; and,

4. A previous application had been made for the same premises, which was withdrawn pending a suit in court commenced by the adverse claimant.

An application for patent will be rejected when the survey does not accurately define the boundaries of the claim.

Where the claim was not located in accordance with law.
Where several parties own separate and distinct portions of a claim, application

for patent may be made by either for that portion of the
claim owned by him; but where several parties own un-
divided interests in a mining claim, all should join in
an application for a patent.

A person or association may purchase as many placer locations as the local law admits; and embrace them all in one application for a patent.

Two or more lodes cannot be embraced in one application for a patent except for placer claims embracing two or more lodes within their boundaries.

Paper sworn to before any person purporting to act as a deputy for the Register and Receiver, cannot be recorded as evidence.

In all patents for mining claims situated within the interior boundaries of a town site a clause is inserted "excepting and excluding all town property, rights upon the surface, and all houses, buildings, structures, lots, blocks, streets, alleys, or other municipal improvements not belonging to the grantee herein, and all rights necessary or proper to the occupation, possession and enjoyment of the same."

Publication of notice must be made in only one newspaper for the period of sixty days.

Notice must be published ten consecutive weeks in weekly newspapers, and in daily newspapers sixty days must elapse between the first and last insertion.

Where the Register designates the daily issue of a newspaper for publication of nctices of a mining application for patent, it is not a compliance with law to change to the weekly edition of the same paper, without authority of the Register.

The existence of a salt spring on a tract of land withdraws it from the operation of the homestead and pre-emption laws. A hearing for the purpose of proving the agricultural character of such lands is not allowed. Land containing valuable deposits of slate may be entered under the mining acts.

Adverse Claims.

Adverse claimants must file a separate and distinct claim against each application which it is alleged conflicts with the premises owned by such adverse claimant. The papers in an adverse claim once filed cannot be withdrawn, but become part of the record.

When an adverse claim has been filed it cannot be amended so as to embrace a larger portion of the premises than that described in the original adverse claim.

An adverse claim must be made out in proper form and filed in the proper local office during the period of publication of the application for the patent to be effect267

ive.

It is the duty of the adverse claimant to commence suit in proper form within the required time, and if he trusts the uncertain medium of the United States mail, he must abide the consequences, should the delay ensue through misfortune or accident. Should the failure to commence suit be the result of the corrupt or dishonest action of his attorney, the Interior Department cannot redress the wrong. An adverse claimant should set forth in detail the facts upon which he bases his adverse claim. A statement in general terms, embodying conclusions of law, without stating the facts generally, will not be considered in evidence..

An adverse claimant should show a compliance with the local laws in recording his claim and in regard to expenditures, and shall file a copy of the original notice of his location, and show the nature or extent of the conflict alleged.

An allegation of parties to a suit that they compose the company is sufficient, and they are not required to prove that they are the original locators or the identical parties who presented the adverse claim.

Agricultural or Mineral Lands.

Where land is of little if any value for agricultural purposes, but is essential to the proper development of mining claims, it should be disposed of under the Mining Act.

Where lands containing valuable mineral deposits have been included in an agricultural entry, said entry will be canceled at any time prior to issuance of patent, upon satisfactory evidence of the existence of such valuable deposits.

Where valuable deposits of mineral are discovered upon a tract after the same has been entered as agricultural, but before patent has been issued, the parties claiming the mine might make application for patent for same, and the agricultural entry will be canceled to that portion of the land embraced by said mining claim. Where mineral deposits are discovered on agricultural lands after patent has been issued to an agricultural claimant, they pass with the patent.

Agricultural college scrip cannot be received in payment for claims.

Aliens.

A foreigner may make a mining location and dispose of it, provided he becomes a citizen before disposing of the mine. Proof that the party was not a citizen before disposing of his claim must be affirmatively shown.

Locators and intermediate owners other than applicants will not be presumed aliens in the absence of allegation or objection prior to issuance of patent.

The portion of a mining claim sold to an alien cannot be patented while such owner is an alien; but on his declaration to become a citizen his right dates back to his purchase, and he may thereupon secure a United States patent for his claim.

Tunnels.

There is no authority of law for a tunnel location 3,000 by 1,500 feet. A proper location is the width of the tunnel for 3,000 feet.

There is no provision of law for patenting tunnel locations, but lodes discovered in running a tunnel may be patented in like manner as other lodes.

When a lode is struck or discovered for the first time in running a tunnel, the tunnel owners have the option of recording their claim of 1,500 feet all on one side of the point of discovery or intersection, or partly on one side thereof and partly on the other.

Prospecting for blind lodes is prohibited on the line of a located tunnel, while the tunnel is in progress, but other parties are in no way debarred from prospecting for blind lodes or running tunnels, so long as they keep without the line of such tunnel. The right is granted to tunnel owners to 1,500 feet of each blind lode not previously known to exist, which may be discovered in their tunnel.

Cross Ledges.

Revised Statutes. Section 2336. Where two or more ledges cross or intersect each other, priority of title shall govern, and such prior location shall be entitled to all ore or mineral contained within the space of intersection, but the subsequent

location shall have the right of way through the space of intersection for the purpose of the convenient working of the mine. And where two or more veins unite, the oldest or prior location shall take the vein below the point of union, including all the space of the intersection.

THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT.

I. A printed copy of the title (besides the two copies to be deposited after publication) of the book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, print or photograph, or a description of the painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary or model or design for a work of the fine arts, for which copyright is desired. must be sent by mail or otherwise, prepaid, addressed "Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C." This must be done before the publication of the book or other article. The applicant must state distinctly the name and residence of the claimant, and whether copyright is claimed as author, designer or proprietor. The printed title required may be a copy of the title page of such publications as have title pages. In other cases, the title must be printed expressly for copyright entry, with name of claimant of copyright. The style of type is immaterial, and the print of a typewriter will be accepted. But a separate title is required for each entry, and each title must be printed on paper as large as commercial note. The title of a periodical must include the date and number. The legal fee for recording each copyright claim is 50 cents, and for a copy of this record (or certificate of copyright) an additional fee of 50 cents is required. Certificates covering more than one entry are not issued.

2.

3. Within ten days after publication of each book or other article, two complete copies of the best edition issued must be sent, to perfect the copyright, with the address "Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C." The postage must be prepaid, or else the publication inclosed in parcels covered by printed Penalty Labels, furnished by the Librarian, in which case they will come FREE by mail, without limit of weight. Without the deposit of copies above required the copyright is void, and a penalty of $25 is incurred.

4. No copyright is valid unless notice is given by inserting in every copy published, on the title page or the page following, if it be a book; or, if a map, chart, musical composition, print, cut, engraving, photograph, painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary or model design intended to be perfected as a work of the fine arts, by inscribing upon some portion thereof, or on the substance on which the same is mounted, the following words, viz: "Entered according to act of Congress, in the year- by- in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington," or, at the option of the person entering the copyright, the words: "Copyright, 18-, by

The law imposes a penalty of $100 upon any person who has not obtained a copyright who shall insert the notice "Entered according to act of Congress," or "Copyright," etc., or words of the same import, in or upon any book or other article.

5. Any author may reserve the right to translate or dramatize his own work. In this case, notice should be given by printing the words "Right of translation reserved," or "All rights reserved," below the notice of copyright entry, and notifying the Librarian of Congress of such reservation, to be entered upon the record. 6. The original term of copyright runs for twenty-eight years. Within six months before the end of that time, the author or designer, or his widow or children, may secure a renewal for the further term of fourteen years, making forty-two years in all.

7. The time within which any work entered for copyright may be issued from the press is not limited by any law or regulation, but depends upon the discretion of the proprietor. A copyright may be secured for a projected work as well as for a completed one. But the law provides for no caveat, or notice of interferenceonly for actual entry of title.

8. A copyright is assignable in law by any instrument of writing, but such assignment must be recorded in the office of the Librarian of Congress within sixty

days from its date. The fee for this record and certificate is $1, and for a certified copy of any record of assignment $1.

9. A copy of the record (or duplicate certificate) of any copyright entry will be furnished, under seal, at the rate of 50 cents each.

10.

In the case of books published in more than one volume, or of periodicals published in numbers, or of engravings, photographs or other articles published with variations, a copyright is to be entered for each volume or part of a book, or number of a periodical, or variety, as to style, title or inscription, of any other article. But a book published serially in a periodical, under the same general title, requires only one entry. To complete the copyright on such a work, two copies of each serial part, as well as of the complete work (if published separately), must be deposited.

11. To secure a copyright for a painting, statue, or model or design intended to be perfected as a work of the fine arts, so as to prevent infringement by copying, engraving, or vending such design, a definite description must accompany the application for copyright, and a photograph of the same, at least as large as "cabinet size," should be mailed to the Librarian of Congress within ten days from the completion of the work or design.

12.

Copyrights cannot be granted upon trademarks, nor upon mere names of companies or articles, nor upon prints or labels intended to be used with any article of manufacture. If protection for such names or labels is desired, application must

be made to the Patent Office.

13. Citizens or residents of the United States only are entitled to copyright.

THE LAW OF TRADEMARKS.

Any person, firm or corporation can obtain protection for any lawful trademark by complying with the following:

I. By causing to be recorded in the Patent office the name, residence and place of business of persons desiring the trademark.

2.

The class of merchandise and description of the same.

3. A description of the trademark itself with fac-similes.

4.

The length of time that the said mark has already been used.

5. By payment of the required fee-$6.00 for labels and $25 for trademarks.

6. By complying with such regulations as may be prescribed by the commissioner of patents.

7. A lawful trademark must consist of some arbitrary word (not the name of a person or place), indicating or not the use or nature of the thing to which it is applied; of some designation symbol, or of both said word and symbol.

HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT.

Patents are issued in the name of the United States, and under the seal of the Patent Office, to any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, not known or used by others in this country, and not patented or described in any printed publication in this or any foreign country, before his invention or discovery thereof, and not in public use or on sale for more than two years prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have been abandoned; and by any person who, by his own industry, genius, efforts and expense has invented and produced any new and original design for a manufacture, bust, statue, alto-relievo, or bas-relief; any