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Courtesy (politeness), cur-te-sey.

Geography, as spelled, not jography, or gehography.

Geometry, as spelled, not jom-etry.
Haunt, hawnt, not hant.
Height, hite, not highth.
Heinous, hay-nus, not hee-nus.
Horizon, ho-ri-zn, not hor-i-zon.

Hymeneal, hy-men-e-al not hy-menal.

Instead, in-sted, not instid

Isolate, -so-late, not iz-olate, nor isolate.

Jalap, jal-ap, not jolup.

January, as spelled, not Jenuary nor Jane

wary.

Leave, as spelled, not leaf.

Legend, lej-end, not le-gend.
Many, men-ney, not man-ny.

Marchioness, mar-shun-ess, not as spelled.
Massacre, mas-sa-ker.

Mattress, as spelled, not mat-trass.

Courtesy (a lowering of the body), curt- Matron, ma-trun, not mat-ron.

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Design and desist have the sound of s, not Ne'er, for never, nare.

of z.

Desire should have the sound of z.
Dew, due, not doo.

Diamond, as spelled, not di-mond.
Diploma, de-plo-ma, not aip-lo-ma.
Diplomacy, de-plo-ma-cy, not dip-lo-ma-

cy.

Divers (several), di-verz; but diverse
(different), di-verse.
Drought, drowt, not drawt.
Duke, as spelled, not dook.
Dynasty, dyn-as-te, not dy-nas-ty.
Edict, e-dickt, not ed-ickt.
E'en, and e'er, een and air.
Egotism, eg-o-tism, not e-go-tism.
Either, e-ther.

Engine, en-jin, not in-jin.

Epistle, without the t.

Epitome, e-pit-o-me.

Epoch, e-pock, not ep-ock.

Equinox, e-qui-nox, not eq-kwe-nox.
Europe, U-rope, not U-rup.
Euro-pe-an, not Eu-ro-pean.
Every, ev-er-y, not ev-ry.

Executor, egz-ec-utor, not with the sound

of x.

Extraordinary, ex-tror-di-ner-i, not extraordinary, nor extrornary. February, as spelled, not Febuary. Finance, fe-nance, not finance. Foundling as spelled, not fond ling. Garden, gar-dn, not gar-den, nor garding.

Gauntlet, gawnt-let, not gant-let.

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Pincers, pin-cerz, not pinch-erz.
Plaintiff, as spelled, not plantiff.

Precedent (an example), pres-e-dent; prece-dent (going before in point of time, previous, former) is the pronunciation of the adjective.

Prologue, pro-log, not prol-og.
Radish, as spelled, not red-sh.

Raillery, rail'-er-y, or ral-er-y, not as spelled.

Rather, ra-ther, not ray-ther.
Resort, re-sort.

Resound, re-zound.

Respite, res-pit, not as spelled.

Rout (a party; and 10 rout) should be pronounced rowt. Route (a road), root or rowt.

Saunter, sawn-ter, not sarn-ter or san-ter. | Than, as spelled, not thun.
Sausage, saw-sage, not sos-sidge, sas-Tremor, trem-ur, not tre-mor.

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sition.

Shone, shon, not shun, nor as spelled.
Soldier, sole-jer.

Solecism, sol-e-cizm, not so-le-cizm.
Soot, as spelled, not sut.

Sovereign, sov-er-in, not suv-er-in.
Specious, spe-shus, not spesh-us.
Stomacher, stum-a-cher.

Stone (weight), as spelled, not stun.
Synod, sin-od, not sy-nod.
Tenure, ten-ure, not te-nure.
Tenet, ten-et, not te-net.

Pronounce

-ace not iss, as furnace, not furniss.

Twelfth should have the th sounded.
Umbrella, as spelled, not um-ber-el-la.
Vase, vaiz or varz, not vawze.
Was, woz, not wuz.
Weary, weer-i, not wary.
Were, wer, not ware.

Wrath, rawth, not rath: as an adjective
it is spelled wroth, and pronounced with
the vowel sound shorter, as in wrath-
ful, etc.

Yacht, yot, not yat.

Zenith, zen-ith, not ze-nith.
Zodiac, zo-de-ak.

Zoology should have both o's sounded, as
zo-ol-o-gy, not zoo-lo-gy.

Note. The tendency of all good elocutionists is to pronounce as nearly in accordance with the spelling as possible.

-age, not idge, as cabbage, courage, postage, village. -ain, ane, not in, as certain, certane, not certin.

- ate, not it, as moderate, not moderit.

-ect, not ec, as aspect, not aspec; subject, not subjec.

- ed, not id, or ud, as wicked, not wickid, or wickud.

- el, not l, model, not modl; novel, not novl.

-en, not n, as sudden, not suddn.-Burden, burthen, garden, lengthen, seven, strengthen, often, and a few others, have the e silent.

ence, not unce, as influence, not influ-unce.

-es, not is, as pleases, not pleasis.

- ile should be pronounced il, as fertil, not fertile, in all words except chamomile (cam), exile, gentile, infantile, reconcile, and senile, which should be pronounced ile.

-in, not n, as Latin, not Latn.

-nd, not n, as husband, not husban; thousand, not thousan.

-ness, not niss, as carefulness, not carefulness.

-ng, not n, as singing, not singin; speaking, not speakin.

-ngth, not nth, as strength, not strenth.

-son, the o should be silent; as in treason, tre-zn, not tre-son.

-tal, not tle, as capital, not capitle; metal, not mettle; mortal, not mort e; periodical, not periodicle.

-xt, not x, as next, not ner.

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And then a young butcher named Belvoir
Went and murdered a man with a clevoir
Because the man couldn't,

Or possibly wouldn't,

Pronounce his name properly Beever.

There was an athlete named Strachan
Who had plenty of sinew and brachan,
And he'd knock a man down

With an indignant frown

If he failed to pronounce his name Strawn.

SHORT RULES FOR SPELLING.

Words ending in e drop that letter on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel. Exceptions-words ending in ge, ce, or oe.

Final e of a primitive word is retained on taking a suffix beginning with a consonant. Exceptions-words ending in dge, and truly, duly, etc.

Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally changed into i on the addition of a suffix. Exceptions-retained before ing and ish, as pitying. Words ending in ie and dropping the e by Rule 1, change the i to y, as lying. Final y is sometimes changed to e, as duteous.

Nouns ending in y, preceded by a vowel, form their plural by adding ; as money, moneys. Y preceded by a consonant is changed to ies in the plural; as bounty, bounties.

Final y of a primitive word, preceded by a vowel, should not be changed into i before a suffix; as, joyless.

In words containing ei or ie, ei is used after the sound of s; as ceiling, seize, except in siege and a few words ending in cier. Inveigle, neither, leisure and weird also have ei. In other cases it is used, as in believe, achieve.

Words ending in ceous or cious, when relating to matter, end in ceous; all others in cious.

Words of one syllable, ending in a consonant, with a single vowel before it, double the consonants in derivatives; as, ship, shipping, etc. But if ending in a consonant with a double vowel before it, they do not double the consonant in derivatives; as troop, trooper, etc.

Words of more than one syllable, ending in a consonant preceded by a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double that consonant in derivatives; as commit, committed; but except chagrin, chagrined.

All words of one syllable ending in I, with a single vowel before it, have II at the close; as mill, sell.

All words of one syllable ending in I, with a double vowel before it, have only one 1 at the close; as mail, sail.

The words foretell, distill, instill and fulfill, retain the double 1 of their primitives. Derivatives of dull, skill, will and full also retain the double II when the accent falls on these words; as dullness, skillful, willful, fullness.

PUNCTUATION.

A period (.) after every declarative and every imperative sentence; as, It is true. Do right.

A period after every abbreviation; as, Dr., Mr, Capt.

An interrogation point (?) after every question.

The exclamation point (1) after exclamations; as, Alas! Oh, how lovely! Quotation marks ("") enclose quoted expressions; as, Socrates said: "I be lieve the soul is immortal.

A colon (:) is used between parts of a sentence that are subdivided by semicolons.

A colon is used before a quotation, enumeration, or observation, that is intro

duced by as follows, the following, or any similar expression; as, Send me the following: 1o doz. "Armstrong's Treasury," 25 Schulte's Manual, etc.

A semicolon (;) between parts that are subdivided by commas.

The semicolon is used also between clauses or members that are disconnected in sense; as, Man grows old; he passes away; all is uncertain When as, namely, trat is, is used to introduce an example or enumeration, a semicolon is put before it and a comma after it; as, The night was cold; that is, for the time of year.

A comma () is used to set off co-ordinate clauses, and subordinate clauses not restrictive; as, Good deeds are never lost, though sometimes forgotten.

A comma is used to set off transposed phrases and clauses; as, "When the wicked entice thee, consent thou not."

A comma is used to set off interposed words, phrases and clauses; as, Let us, it we can, make others happy.

A comma is used between similar or repeated words or phrases; as, The sky, the water, the trees, were illumined with sunlight.

A comma is used to mark an ellipsis, or the omission of a verb or other important word.

A comma is used to set off a short quotation informally introduced; as, Who said, "The good die young"?

A comma is used whenever necessary to prevent ambiguity.

The marks of parenthesis () are used to enclose an interpolation where such interpolation is by the writer or speaker of the sentence in which it occurs. Interpolations by an editor or by anyone other than the author of the sentence should be inclosed in brackets, [].

Dashes() may be used to set off a parenthetical expression, also to denote an interruption or a sudden change of thought or a significant pause.

THE USE OF CAPITALS.

1. Every entire sentence should begin with a capital.

2. Proper names, and adjectives derived from these, should begin with a capital. 3. All appellations of the Deity should begin with a capital.

4. Official and honorary titles begin with a capital.

5. Every line of poetry should begin with a capital.

6. Titles of books and the heads of their chapters and divisions are printed in capitals.

7. The pronoun i, and the exclamation, O, are always capitals.

8. The days of the week, and the months of the year, begin with capitals.

9. Every quotation should begin with a capital letter

10. Names of religious denominations begin with capitals.

11. In preparing accounts, each item should begin with a capital.

12. Any word of special importance may begin with a capital.

HOW TO WRITE A LETTER.

A business letter should be written clearly, explicitly, and concisely.

Figures should be written out, except dates; su.ns of money should be both in writing and figures.

Copies should be kept of all business letters.

When you receive a letter containing money it should be immediately counted and the amount marked on the top margin.

Letters to a stranger about one's own personal affairs, requesting answer, should always inclose a stamp.

Short sentences are preferable to long ones.

Letters requiring an answer should have prompt attention.

Never write a letter while under excitement or when in an unpleasant humor. Never write an anonymous letter.

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Do not fill your letter with repetitions and apologies.

Avoid writing with a pencil. Use black ink. Blue or violet may be used, but black is better.

In acknowledging receipt of a letter always mention date.

Paper. Note, packet or letter size should be used. It is unbusiness-like and very poor taste to use foolscap or mere scraps.

Paging. If single sheets are used they should be carefully paged. Business letters should be written on but one side of the sheet.

Folding. A letter sheet should be folded from bottom upward. Bring lower edge near the top so as to make the length a trifle shorter than the envelope, then fold twice the other way. The folded sheet should be just slightly smaller than the envelope.

If note sheet, fold twice from bottom upward. If envelope is nearly square, single fold of note sheet is sufficient.

Envelopes, like the paper, should be white, and of corresponding size and quality. It is poor taste to use colored paper, or anything but black ink. The postage stamp should be placed at the upper right hand corner. Address. This should be so plainly written that no possible mistake could be made either in name or address. It is unnecessary to add the letters P O. after the name of the place. When the letter reaches the town it is not likely to go to the court-house or jail. Letters of introduction should bear upon envelope the name and address of the person to whom sent, also the words in the lower left hand corner, Introducing Mr.

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LUMINOUS PAINT.-This useful paint may, it is said, be made by the following simple method: Take oyster shells and clean them with warm water; put them into the fire for half an hour; at the end of that time take them out and let them cool. When quite cool pound them fine and take away any gray parts, as they tre of no use. Put the powder in a crucible in alternate layers: vith flour and sulphur. Put on the lid and cement with sand. nade into a stiff paste with beer. When dry, put over the fire: nd bake for an hour. Wait until quite cold before opening the d. The product ought to be white. You must separate all ray parts, as they are not luminous. Make a sifter in the followg manner : Take a pot, put a piece of very fine muslin very losely across it, tie around with a string, put the powder into the top, and rake about until only the coarse powder remains; open the pot and you will find a very small powder; mix it into a thin paint with gum water, as two thin applications are better than one thick one. This will give a paint that will remain luminous far into the night, provided it is exposed to light during the day.

TRANSFERRING ENGRAVINGS.-It is said that engravings may be transferred on white paper as follows: Place the engraving a few seconds over the vapor of iodine. Dip a slip of white paper in a weak solution of starch, and when dry, in a weak solution of oil of vitriol. When again dry, lay a slip upon the engraving and place both for a few minutes under a press. The engraving will be reproduced in all its delicacy and finish. Lithographs and printed matter cannot be so transferred with equal success.

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