tured Khiva in 1873, abolished slavery, and compelled the Khan to acknowledge himself a vassal of the Czar.

INDIA.-On the north India is bounded by the Himalaya Mountains; on the west by Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the Indian Ocean; on the south by the Indian Ocean; and on the east by the Bay of Bengal and Indo-China. Population-British Territory, exclusive of Upper Burma, 198,790,853; Native States, 55,150,456; Ceylon, 2,763,984; Nepal and Bhotan, 2,700,000; French Possessions, 273.611; Portuguese Possessions, 475,172; total, 260,154,076. Religion-187,000,000 Hindus; 50,000,000 Mohammedans; 3,500,000 Buddhists; 1,862,634 Christians (Roman Catholics, 963,059; Protestants, 535,081; other sects, 364,494). Government-Executive, the British Viceroy. Administrative, the Secretary of State for India, and Council of 15 members. Education, 1885—4 universities (Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and the Panjab). The total number of educational institu tions (1885-86), 122,516, with 3,332,851 students.

CHINA.-The Chinese Empire is bounded on the north and northwest by Asiatic Russia; on the south and southwest by British India; on the southeast by Indo-China; and on the east by the Pacific Ocean. Estimated area of the Empire, 4.469,200 square miles (China proper, 1,554,000 square miles; Manchuria, 380,000 square miles; Mongolia and Zungaria, 1,452,000 square miles; Thibet, 651,500 square miles; Eastern Turkestan, 431.700. Population-China proper, 382,078,860 ; Manchuria, 12,000,000; Mongolia and Zungaria, 2,600,000; Thibet, 6,000,000; Eastern Turkestan, 580,000. Religion-Bulk of the people, Buddhists; religion of the state and higher classes, Confucianism; 30,000,000 Mohammedans; 1,000,000 Roman Catholics; 50,000 Protestants. Government-Despotic monarchy. Administrative, the "Nei-ko" or Cabinet (4 members and two assistants). Education-In China proper few are unable to read and write. Communication-20,000 miles of imperial roads, 40 miles of railway built but unused, and 5,482 miles of telegraph wire.

JAPAN.—Religion-Chiefly Buddhism (74,400 priests); Shintoism (15,058 priests); Christians, 1883, 40,524; Christianity gaining rapidly. Government-Absolute monarchy-Emperor or "Mikado." Education, 1884-1 university with 1,880 students; 29,233 elementary schools with 3.233,226 scholars; and 1,636 high and other schools with 89,879 pupils. Railways-370 miles in 1887. BURMA.-Upper Burma until recently was an independent kingdom, governed by King Theebaw, a despotic monarch, but, early in 1886, the King was deposed and pensioned, and the country annexed to the Indian Empire, being placed under the

DELAWARE ranks twenty-first among the States in orchard products, thirty-seventh in population. First settlement, by Swedes, at Cape Henlopen, in 1627. Delaware is one of the thirteen original States.

FLORIDA ranks third among the States in sugar and molasses, sixth in rice, tenth in cotton, thirty-fourth in population. First settlement, by Spaniards, at St. Augustine, 1565. Admitted into the Union in 1845.

Chief Commissioner of Lower Burma. Area-140,000 square miles (exclusive of Burmese Shan States, 40,000 square miles). Population-3,500,000. Religion-Buddhism. Education-A complete national system of public instruction has been developed, and a knowledge of letters is universal.

SIAM is the only remaining independent native state in the Indo-Chinese peninsula. Area-280,303 square miles. Population-5,750,000. Government--Absolute monarchy. Legislative, the King assisted by a Council of Ministers and the Council of State. For administrative purposes the country is divided into 41 provinces with a Governor at the head of each. East of Siam the remainder of the Indo-Chinese peninsula is occupied by the French colonies and protectorates of Anam, Tongking, Cochin China, and Cambodia. Area-Anam, 106,290 square miles; Tongking, 35,000 square miles; Cochin China, 23,090 square miles; Cambodia, 32,380 square miles. PopulationAnam, 6,000,000; Tongking, 9,000,000; Cochin_China (1883), 1,639,777; Cambodia, 1,500,000. Government-By a decree of October 1887 the French possessions are placed under a Governor-General, under whom are 2 Residents-General for Tongking and Cambodia, a Resident for Anam, and a Lieutenant-Governor for Cochin China.

RUSSIA IN ASIA.-The Asiatic_possessions of Russia are bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean; on the east by the Pacific Ocean; on the south by the Chinese Empire, Bokhara, Afghanistan, Persia, and Turkey in Asia; and on the west by European Russia. Area--6,645,720 square miles. Population15,865,740. Religion-Christianity and Mohammedanism prevail in Caucasia, while in Central Asia and Siberia Christianity is professed by the Slavs, Buddhism, Shamanism, and Mohammedanism by the native races. Government--For administrative purposes the country is divided into five general governments-Caucasus, Turkestan, Stepnoye, Eastern Siberia, and Amur. At the head of each of these is either a Viceroy, or a Governor-General, the representative of the Czar, who as such has the supreme control and direction of all affairs, whether civil or military. Education-In Siberia the means provided for higher education consist of 15 gymnasia, 2 real schools, and 3 normal schools. Primary education is in a very unsatisfactory state, there being only 665 schools, scattered over the whole country, with an attendance of 23,470 pupils.

OCEANIA

Comprises all the islands and archipelagos in the Pacific Ocean and is usually divided into the four great sections of Malaysia,

Micronesia, Melanesia or Australasia, and Polynesia. Total area—4,211,093 square miles. Population-39,161,370.

I. MALAYSIA is usually considered as part of Asia under the "East Indian Archipelago," but here it is included with Oceania. Chief islands-Sumatra, 179,290 square miles; population, 1884, 2,948,715. Java, 50,800 square miles; population, 20,931,654 Borneo, 284,918 square miles; population, 1,858,000. Celebes, 77.179 square miles; population, 933,823. Moluccas, 20,429 square miles; population, 352,580. Philippines, 114,219 square miles; population, 5,636,232. Lesser Dutch Islands, 42,489 square miles; population, 2,000,000. The total area of its islands is 769,324 square miles, and the population 34,661.000.

II. MICRONESIA includes the Caroline and Pelew Islands, 1,450 square miles; population, 36,000. Mariannes, 443 square miles; population, 8,665. Gilbert Islands, 165 square miles; population, 35,200. Marshall Islands, 154 square miles; population, 11,600. Total area, 1,322 square miles; population, 91.465.

III. MELANESIA OR AUSTRALASIA comprises the great islands of Australia, 2,948,798 square miles; population, 1885, 2,631,553. Tasmania, 26,215 square miles; population, 137,211. New Zealand, 104,403 square miles; population, 578,482. Fiji Islands, 8,048 square miles; population, 126,000. New Guinea, 311,580 square miles; population, 2,500,000. New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, 7,644 square miles; population, 60, 703. Solomon Islands, etc., 23,546 square miles; population, 252,350. Total area, 3,430,234 square miles; population, 4,229,155.

IV. POLYNESIA-Chief groups, Friendly Islands, 384 square miles; population, 25,000. Samoa Islands, 1,073 square miles; population, 36,800. Society Islands, 636 square miles; population, 16,300. Marquesas, 491 square miles; population, 5,776. Sandwich Islands, 6,558 square miles; population, 57,985. Total area, 10,313 square miles; population, 179,550.

TABLE OF EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS.

AUSTRALIA.-Greatest length, Cape Byron (153° 38' E.) to Steep Point (1130 E.), 2,400 miles. Greatest breadth, Cape York (10° 40' S.) to Cape Wilson (39° 10' S.) 2,000 miles. Area -2,948,798 square miles (Victoria, 87,884 square miles; New South Wales, 310,700 square miles; Queensland, 668,224 square miles; South Australia, 903,690 square miles; West Australia, 978,300 square miles). The surface is for the most part a level plateau, with a mean elevation of 1,180 feet above sea level. A large part of the interior, particularly in the west, consists of sandy and stony desert. The mountainous region is almost exclusively confined to the eastern and southeastern coasts, where, at an average distance of sixty miles, a belt of about 150 miles in width is formed. The only great river system is that of the Murray, 1,550 miles long, with a drainage area of 270,000 square miles. Inland salt lakes are a characteristic feature of the continent, the chief being Lakes Eyre, Torrens, Gairdner