OF THE UNITED STATES BY FREDERICK VAN DYNE, LL. M., ASSISTANT SOLICITOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES. THE LAWYERS' CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING CO. ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year nineteen hundred three, by FREDERICK VAN DYNE, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. E. R. ANDREWS PRINTING COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y. PREFACE. In the more restricted meaning of the term, a citizen is a person who has the right to vote for public officers and on public measures, and who is qualified to hold offices in the gift of the people. But this definition is too narrow, for minors-who are not permitted to vote--and women-who are allowed to exercise the franchise in only a few of the states-are citizens. In the broad sense of the word, citizens are "the people," the members of the state or nation, including men, women, and children. In the United States they are the sovereign power. There are two kinds of citizenship in this country,-state and national, each distinct from the other. A person may be a citizen of a state, and not a citizen of the United States. He may be a citizen of the United States without enjoying the rights and privileges conferred by state citizenship. To be a citizen of the United States, it is only necessary that a person be born or nat uralized in the United States. To be a citizen of a state, a man must reside within the state. United States citizenship does not give the right to vote. The Constitution does not guarantee a citizen this right. The right to vote is a right conferred and regulated by state laws. Even in regard to the choice of Representatives in Congress and electors of President of the United States, this matter is left entirely in the hands of the states. And in many of the states the franchise is granted to persons not citizens, either of the state or of the United States. For in |