crate them by the manner in which they are used. The morrow shall take thought for the things of itself.' Although we must exercise a fair prudence, the future is in the hands of God, and there we must leave it, in confidence that all things needful will be done for them that love Him." *

He made it a rule never to save any thing out of the income which he derived from his profession, although for many years he had no private means. And when he became possessed of these to a small amount, he employed them upon the education and setting out in life of his sons, rather than diminish his expenditure for other objects. It was not till these objects were accomplished that, for only a few years before his death, he allowed his private income to accumulate, and latterly, as he never wished "to be what is called rich," he devoted a large portion of it to objects of charity. When he succeeded to the administration of the diocese, at the death of Bishop Stewart, he had no salary as Bishop, the vote of the Imperial Parliament by which it had been supplied having been then discontinued, but chiefly through the representations of Mr. Pakington (now Sir J. Pakington) £1000 per annum were granted for his life. This was about the same amount as he had received as Archdeacon and rector of Quebec, and one-third of the salary of his predecessors in the episcopal office. It would have been very difficult for him, therefore, to meet his increased expenditure as a Bishop, with the expectations which his own habits of liberality, as well as those of Bishop Stewart, who was a single man, had formed, without retaining some portion of the income attached to the subordinate offices. His salaries as Archdeacon and rector were limited to his incumbency of those offices, and he always thought it desirable to retain these, rather than that the Church should lose this pecuniary advantage. He made repeated attempts to effect an arrangement for resigning them without loss to the Church, but without success. On his first assumption of the episcopal office he surrendered to the curate of Quebec one-half of his emoluments as rector, discharging, himself, to the last, a large share of the duties of that office, and he was then certainly a poorer man than when he had been only Archdeacon and rector. For many years before his death, when his private expenses had been diminished, he gave up the whole of the rector's salary to other clergy in the parish, and for several years devoted that of the Archdeacon also to Church purposes within the diocese. He was always eminently self-denying in personal expenditure.

CHAPTER IX.

Journeys as Archdeacon continued-1832.

I HAVE no record of any journeys in the year 1831, though I remember accompanying him, for the first time in my life, in a short one which he undertook in the summer of that year to the township of Frampton, which was still without a resident clergyman. At this time he had an assistant in the parish of Quebec, who lived in his house, and devoted part of his time to the instruction of his sons. In February, 1832, he set . out on a journey to the Ottawa river, on which a new mission had been established at Grenville, and a congregation formed at Vaudrueuil which was served once a fortnight from Côteau du Lac. The description of the rectory at Three Rivers is worth preserving, now that the house has been modernized. It was originally a convent, the chapel of which is now the parish church. "I delight in the character of this strange rambling building, especially in this country, where there is so little that approaches to the venerable in the works of man. The walls are of a most massive thickness, but what I like most is a heavy arch under which you pass to gain the stairs, and the staircase itself, which is very wide, with an antique and cumbrous banister, or balustrade. In the lower part of the building, which is rude and strangely divided, owing to the different uses to which it has successively been put, and in which, although I cannot say that the hands of the builders have been employed to raise the ceiling's fretted height,' nor in 'each panel with achievements clothing,' nor in making

'rich windows that exclude the light,' yet there are plenty of 'passages which lead to nothing.' *The journey was

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extended to Bytown,* respecting which he writes, "I think I never spent a Sunday with less comfort to my feelings than that at Bytown and Hull. I began the day by officiating for Mr. to the troops at the former place,† where, in the unfinished Methodist chapel which we borrow for the purpose, I read prayers and preached to a sergeant and eight men, with just about an equal number of other individuals, including a christening party of country people who came from a distance, and were no part of the Bytown congregation. Mr.

-then went across to the tavern where he puts up (he lives about three miles off in Hull), and performed the christening in a back-room: the apartment in front, divided from this by a thin wooden partition, was occupied by loungers reading newspapers, to whom every word of the ceremony was distinctly audible. I left them and passed into the other room, where I found Mr. administering this solemn ordinance, altogether in a manner and under circumstances not at all tending to clothe it with reverence. He then drove me across the river to Hull, (where I preached) which is in Lower Canada, but the church of which, the largest and most showy country church that we have in the diocese, is supposed to accommodate such of the Bytown episcopalians as do not attend the military service. My visit was expected, and it must be presumed to have added something to the congregation, which nevertheless consisted of about thirty persons. There was no singing, nor did anybody but myself make the responses. The church was intolerably cold, though the day was not severe, and several people left their pews to get over

Mention is made of meeting sleighs carrying barrels of pork, flour, &c, from Montreal to Bytown, the owners of which performed the whole journey, both ways, for five dollars.

† Bytown, being in Upper Canada, was not within the archdeaconry of Quebec.

to the stoves. Coldness, neglect, and unprosperous management seemed to hang about every thing. In the afternoon I had an invitation to the military mess, none of the members of which (with perhaps one exception) had been at either of the services, which I declined. ** * The people of the house were quite pleased at my performing the usual evening devotions with them while I staid there, and said they had not had such a thing in the house since Bishop Stewart was there. On Monday I transacted business with the Rev. R. Leeming, who came by appointment to meet me at six I went to dine with Colonel B: at eight a cariole called for me by appointment to take me to visit a poor dying man in the village between nine and ten I returned to meet the Rev. R. Short at the inn, who had also been summoned from his station to meet me: afterwards I had prayers, and a visit from a half-pay naval officer, settled far up the river, who wants to get things in train for a church where he lives; and by the time I had packed and got ready for the stage which was to be at the door by six o'clock in the morning, it was half-past one A.M. The next day, in the township of Lochaber, two lovely children were brought to me at the stage-house for baptism, by persons who had heard of my passing through the country. I had expected to proceed to St. Andrews, although the stage puts up for the night at Grenville, but the Rev. J. Abbott had made an arrangement, in consequence of a proposal of my own in going up, which at the time he had thought hardly practicable, that the congregation should meet for a week-day evening service in the schoolhouse. The place was crowded to excess, and the singing was by far the best that I ever heard in a country place. After preaching I detained the heads of families to arrange some points respecting a church which is immediately about to be built, in reference to which I had conferred with Mr. Abbott, the churchwardens and others, on my way up. I left Grenville by the stage, at five o'clock on the morning of

the twenty-second, which day was allotted to a visit to the Gore settlement, after we should reach St. Andrews, to which place we came to breakfast. Never was seen any thing in the shape of human habitations more wretched than the huts occupied by a number of Irish Roman catholics, who have established themselves along the line of the Grenville canal, having been drawn there originally by the labour offered in the works. They are constructed, in the rudest conceivable manner, of mud, sod, bark and other materials immediately accessible, and some of them are so excessively low and drifted over by the snow that they are hardly observable, except from some projecting corner, or the wreath of smoke which perhaps issues from an old flour barrel converted into a chimney. The Gore settlement lies among woods, rocks, lakes, and mountains (although of small elevation,) and is composed entirely of Protestants, all, but a very few, Irish and of our own Church. These poor people have no Church-service, except on a week-day once a month. The congregation was assembled in the largest house which the settlement afforded, and it was so insufficient that some persons at first had got into the loft, intending to catch what they could of the service through the floor. They all, however, squeezed into two rooms, but most of them were kept standing. They sang, and were led by an experienced parish-clerk. * I had written to the Rev. J. Leeds to meet me from the Côteau du Lac at Vaudrueuil on the twenty-third, and had suggested that he should assemble the congregation. No Mr. Leeds, however, appeared, and no congregation met. From all that I heard, I was so convinced of the importance of my meeting these people, and endeavouring to put things in train for more effectual provision for their spiritual wants, that I came to the determination to return to them on Saturday from Montreal, and spend Sunday with them. While I was at Vaudrueuil, old Mr. was brought in to see me. Till last autumn he was a worldly and irreligious man. At that time he met with

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