movable at the proximal joint next to | literature, seeks the aid of persons in inthe body. Its radius and ulna are separate bones, not fused as they are normally. The dissection shows other peculiarities of structure, such as might be expected from a consideration of the exterior. The species, normal, is comfort is directed toward the establishment mon in parts of Oregon. fluential positions, and strives to obtain the requisite conditions for restoring those early afflicted and for preventing the communication of infection to others from those far advanced. Its main ef of a municipal hospital for tuberculous patients, and for a sanatorium in the IT is related of Charcot, the distin-high regions of the State. For the last guished alienist, late of the Salpêtrière, purpose it is offered a most desirable loParis, that he had marked artistic abil- cation in Luzerne County. ity, and when he was seventeen years old his family had some hesitation whether to make him a doctor or a painter. He chose the medical profession. He was fond of drawing sketches of his patients, and of landscapes he saw in his travels, and was not above making an occasional caricature. Several albums are filled with designs of this kind. A study of his work as an artist was prepared by Dr. Henri Meige in connection with the erection of his monument, and is deposited in the Salpêtrière. THE Russian decree nullifying the constitutional privileges of Finland, notwithstanding treaty guarantees, is producing an effect that was probably not intended or anticipated. Realizing the futility of resistance and holding the people true to their reputation of being the most peaceable, enlightened, and orderly of the Czar's subjects, the representatives of the Finns are said to be quietly making inquiries about the prospects of settlement in the Canadian Northwest and other free regions. DESPITE the growing use of motor traction, the raising of horses gives no sign of diminishing. Against 212,827 horses in 1888, the Argentine Republic has, by the census of 1895, 4,234,032. That country now ranks third in horserearing nations, being excelled only by Russia and the United States. M. ANDRÉ BROCA has found, concerning the use of India-rubber supports for isolating physical apparatus from earth tremors, that when apparatus having movable parts are supported in this way the vibrations, instead of being reduced, may in some cases be increased tenfold. But when the apparatus consists entirely of rigid material there is no better way of insuring steadiness than by resting it on India rubber. THE Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis works for the single end of educating the community in a knowledge of the true nature of consumption and of the means of controlling or conquering it. For this it diffuses THE list of recent deaths among men known in science includes the names of W. W. Norman, Professor of Biology in the University of Texas; John Whitehead, who died while on a scientific mission to the island of Hainan, for which he left England in the autumn of 1898; Naval Lieutenant Charles William Baillie, Marine Superintendent of the English Meteorological Office, inventor of the hydra sounding machine, late Director of Nautical Studies at the Imperial Naval College, Tokio, and author of important meteorological investigations, at Broadstairs, June 2th, aged fifty-five years; Henry Wollaston Blake, an original member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and of the British Association, and a Fellow of the Royal Society, eighty-four years of age; Edward Jannetaz, a French mineralogist, an assistant in the Museum of Paris, and Lecturer on Mineralogy for forty years, Master of Conferences in the Faculty of Sciences, author of Les Roches and other books, aged sixtyseven years; Dr. Eugen Ritter von Lommell, of the University of Munich, distinguished in mathematics, physics, and optics, and author of several books on of Light in the International Scientific those subjects, including The Nature Series, June 19th, in his sixty-third year; Sir Alexander Armstrong, arctic navigator and discoverer of the Northwest passage, late Director-General of the Medical Department of the British Museum, and author of a narrative of his great discovery and of a work on Naval Hygiene; Dr. Hugo Weidel, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Vienna; Sir William Henry Flower, late Director of the British Museum of Natural History, Past President of the British Association, at the time of his death President of the Zoological Society of London, and author of several excellent books on zoölogy, natural history, museums, and kindred subjects, aged sixty-eight years; and Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, the distinguished American ethnologist and lingust, of whom we give a fuller notice elsewhere. VOL. LV.] ESTABLISHED BY EDWARD L. YOUMANS. [No. 6. VI. Best Methods of Taxation. (Conc.) The late Hon. D. A. WELLS.. 778 VII. Bacon's Idols; a Commentary. Prof. WILLIAM H. HUDSON...... 788 VIII. Mathematics for Children. (Illustrated.) M. LAISANT.. XI. Columbus Meeting of the American Association. Prof. D. S. MARTIN. 828 XII. Sketch of William Pepper (With Portrait.) LEWIS R. HARLEY.. 836 XIII. Correspondence: "Do Animals Reason?"-The Trend of Population in THE MACMILLAN COMPANY'S New Scientific Books. NEW VOLUME. A System of Medicine by Many Writers. JUST READY. Edited by THOMAS CLIFFORD ALLBUTT, M. D., LL. D., F. R. C. P., F. R. S., F. L. S., F.S. A., University of Cambridge, etc. Vol. VII. Diseases of Circulatory and Nervous Systems. Cloth, $5.00 net; half-russia, $6.00 net. "This system is the best exponent of medical teaching and practice as it exists to-day. The contributors are men of ripe experience."-The International Medical Magasine, Philadelphia, Pa. Volume VIII, completing the Series, in press. JUST READY. Rise and Development of the Liquefaction of Gases. By WILLETT L. HARDIN, Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania. Cloth, $1.50. Handbook of Optics. FOR STUDENTS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY. By WILLIAM N. SUTER, M. D., National University, Washington, D. C. Cloth, $1.50 net. NEW BOOKS FOR THE STUDENT OF EDUCATION, THEORY OR PRACTICE. Educational Aims and Social Phases of Education Educational Values. By PAUL H. HANUS, Assistant Professor of the History and Art of Teaching, Harvard University. Cloth, 12mo, $1.00. A series of Essays on Contemporary Educational Problems for laymen as well as for professional students and teachers. in the School and the Home. By SAMUEL T. DUTTON, Superintendent of Schools, Brookline, Mass. Cloth, 12mo, gilt top, $1.25. "One of the freshest and most suggestive presentations of this side of education which has yet been made in this country."-The Outlook. The Physical Nature of the Child and How to Study It. By STUART H. ROWE, Ph. D., Supervising Principal of the Lovell District, New Haven, Conn.; formerly Professor of Pedagogy and Director of Practice in the State Normal School at Mankato, Minn. A masterly Cloth, 8vo, $1.00. study of the child's physical basis for action. Methods of Knowledge: An Essay in Epistemology. By WALTER SMITH, of Lake Forest University. Just ready. A definition of knowledge and study of the methods by which men have thought it possible to attain it. The Teaching Botanist. A Manual of Information upon Botanical Instruction, together with Outlines and Directions for a Comprehensive Elementary Course. By Professor WILLIAM F. GANONG, Ph. D., Smith College. Just ready. $1.00 net. RECENT SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. Manual of Bacteriology. By ROBERT MUIR, M. D., F. R. C. P. Ed., Professor Cloth. Cr. 8vo. $3.25 net. No change has been made in the original plan, but the text has been very carefully revised and the results of the most recent researches incorporated. A Text-Book of the Em- By Drs. KORSCHELT and HEIDER. English Translation revised by M.F. WOODWARD. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Avenue, New York City. BY JOHN FISKE THE DUTCH AND QUAKER COLONIES IN AMERICA. BY JOHN FISKE. With 8 Maps. 2 vols., crown 8vo, gilt top, $4.00. TH HIS work, which is one of the most significant portions of Mr. Fiske's American history, is a work of remarkable importance, and probably the most distinctive contribution of this year to historical literature. It comes next in sequence to Mr. Fiske's "Beginnings of New England." It begins with a concise survey of the political and social conditions of the Netherlands in the Middle Ages, and the first chapter concludes with the mutterings of revolution soon after the accession of Philip. The second chapter points out the remarkable influence exerted by the Netherlands upon England from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century, and traces the rapid growth of Dutch maritime power after 1580. The third chapter deals with the voyages of Verazzano and Hudson, and has something to say about Norumbega. Next comes the founding of the Dutch West India Company and the earliest Dutch ettlements on the Hudson River. Graphic sketches are given of the directors of New Netherland-Van Twiller, Kieft, and Stuyvesant. The fortunes of the patroons, the disputes with the men of New England, Kieft's terrible war with the Indians, and the struggles of the Dutch colonists for self-government, are described with considerable detail. The changing relations between the governments of England and the Netherlands are always kept in sight, and the first volume comes to a dramatic conclusion with Stuyvesant's surrender of Manhattan to that most genial of conquerors, Colonel Nicolls. The second volume contains a description of the city of New York in 1680, an account of the Duke of York's autocratic governors and their administrations, and a brilliant narrative of the Leisler troubles. A sketch of the rise of the Quakers and the early life of William Penn leads to the "holy experiment" of the founding of Pennsylvania. A chapter entitled "The Citadel of America” gives the history of New York as the pivotal province in the great struggle with France, which began with the accession of William III.; it covers the adminis.rations from Fletcher to Cosby, ending with the famous trial of Peter Zenger for libel. Sketches of Knickerbocker society and the Quaker commonwealth follow, and the volume ends with an account of the results of the liberal Dutch and Quaker policy in introducing into North America a large population from France, Germany, and the north of Ireland. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON. II EAST 17th STREET, NEW YORK. RICHARD HARDING DAVIS'S NEW BOOK. THE LION AND THE UNICORN. With six Illustrations by H. C. Christy. 12mo, $1.25. Returning in this volume to the field of his early successes, Mr. Davis makes it plain that his knowledge of human nature has deepened and broadened in the same proportion that his work as a literary artist has acquired exquisite finish and precision. In perfection of significant detail, as well as in color and feeling, the title story in this new book stands unrivaled, while the other stories supply ample evidence of the breadth of the author's sympathies and the extraordinary keenness of his observation of character. The volume contains, in addition to the title story, "On the Fever Ship," "The Man with One Talent," The Vagrant," and The Last Ride Together." DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES. By E. W. Hornung. 12m0, $1.25. A thrilling story of adventure. The London Spectator describes it as "a modern story of piracy on the high seas and of romantic rivalry. Rattray, the wicked but fascinating suitor, reminds us not a little of Raffles, the unscrupulous but engaging hero of Mr. Hornung's last story, The Amateur Cracksman.'" THE YARN OF A BUCKO MATE. By Herbert E. Hamblen. This new romance, by the author of "On Many Seas," is as racy and entertaining a narrative as Mr. Hamblen has ever written. It is the story of a sailor whose adventures on the Atlantic, in Peru and Chili, and in search of a treasure on an island in the Pacific, make a fascinating tale. THE POWERS AT PLAY. By Bliss Perry 12m0, $1.25. These short stories by Mr. Bliss Perry have a peculiar freshness and flavor which comes of a thoroughly wholesome view of life presented with all the literary skill and charm that are too often put at the service of pessimism. His stories show a certain sympathy and mellow humor, the quality of which Mr. Perry almost monopolizes among our younger writers. THE WHITE MAIL. A lively and adventurous story by a writer who knows the reality and feels the romance of the railroad as does no one else. Mr. Warman has here adequately described in his familiar manner the varied and inevitably picturesque career of the youth who begins at the very bottom and rises to the top of the railway ladder. RED ROCK. By Thomas Nelson Page. Illustrated. both thousand. 12m0, $1.50. "It is the expression of a gracious, benevolent, and high-minded individuality. It has the sweet charm of the 'old school,' the dignity, the rare manners It is honest, loving, and capable. It has the faint, wistful charm of an antique time."-London Academy. WILD ANIMALS I HAVE KNOWN. By Ernest Seton-Thompson. Illustrated. 20th thousand. Square 12m0, $2.00. "There is nothing in modern story-telling which equals the tale of the capture of the pacing mustang.... In depicting animal life and character Mr. Thompson probably has no peer in this country, and this delightful volume shows us that his pen is as mighty as his marvelous brush."-New York Mail and Express. SAND AND CACTUS. By Wolcott Le Clear Beard. 12mo, $1.50. A collection of stories which have given their author unique distinction as the interpreter of life and character among the frontier conditions of Arizona and the extreme Southwest. They include, with others, "Bisnago's Madeline," "Tizzard's Castle," "Liver's Responsibility," "The Martyrdom of John the Baptist," and, in a humorous vein, "Rouge et Noir." THE GREATER INCLINATION. 5th thousand. 12m0, $1.50. "It is a book of wonderful delicacy and power. In workmanship it stands among the masterpieces of modern Anglo-Saxon fiction-a monument to the possibilities of the language in the hands of a master."-New York Mail and Express. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-157 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK. |