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In addition to the above the various members of the faculty have prepared for publication in magazines and transactions of scientific societies the following:

NAME.

Goss........

R. A. Smart..

Goldsborough

Matthews....

Stone

Coulter

Bitting.

Latta... Troop..

Arthur..

Duff.

Burrage

Plumb
Hatt

SUBJECT.

Atmospheric Resistance to the Motion of Rail-
way Trains..

Performance of a Four-cylinder Compound Lo-
comotive..

The Effect of Armature Inductance
The Test of a Central Station..

The Predetermination of Alternator Character

istics..

Transformer Economy

Electrical Engineering at Purdue University.
Method of Measuring Horizontal Candle Power.
Review of Anthony and Brackett's Physics...
The Alternating Current Inclosed Arc..
Review of Progress in Chemistry of Carbohy-
drate in 1896.

Review of Organic Chemistry for the Laboratory
Review of "Des Optischer Drehays Vermögen,'
etc..

The Practical Side of Biology

Causes Leading to an Increase in Crime.
Forest Fruits.

The Flora of Indiana

The Scientists of Indiana.

Supplemental Readings in Geology

Review of Setchell's Botany.

Dairy Inspection...

The Future of Farmers' Institutes..
The San Jose Scale...

A List of Fruit Grown in Indiana, comprising a
list for each of the ninety-two counties.

Living Plants and Their Properties
Moisture, the Plant's Greatest Requirement.
The Attenuation of Sound and the Constant
Radiation of Air....

Tidal Phenomena of the River St. John at Low
Summer Level.....

The Sweeping and Dusting of Schools.
Modern Sanitation Applied to Schools.
The Passing of the Town Pump.
Fumigation with Formaldehyde

A Survey of the Creamery Situation in Indiana
The Behavior of Wrought Iron Cylinders in
Compression...

Efficiency Surface for Pelton Motor..

[blocks in formation]

THE ORIGIN OF PURDUE.

Congressional Pro

visions.

Purdue University is an institution organized by the State of Indiana under an act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862. This act appropriated public lands to the several States for the purpose of aiding in the maintenance of technical colleges.

The act provides that the State shall establish and maintain not less than one college as described in the act.

It also provides certain conditions under which this shall be done. Among these are:

First "No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation or repair of any building or buildings.

Second-"Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this act shall provide within five years, at least, not less than one college, as described in the fourth section of this act, or the grant to such State shall cease; and said State shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lands previously sold, and that the title to purchase under the State shall be valid."

Accepted by the State.

The State of Indiana, by an act approved March 6,

1865, provided for the establishment of the institution and obligated itself as follows:

"The State of Indiana accepts and claims the benefits of the provisions of the acts of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, and April 4, 1864, and assents to all the conditions and provisions in said acts contained."

Name and
Location.

The State has accepted from John Purdue, and other citizens of Tippecanoe County, donations to the amount of $225,000, and pledged the faith of the State to the adequate and perpetual maintenance of the institution. Also from Amos Heavilon the sum of $30,000 impliedly with similar pledge and guarantee.

The name Purdue University was also established by legislative act of 1869, as follows:

"In consideration of the said donation by John Purdue, amounting to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and of the further donation of one hundred acres of land appurtenant to the institution, and on condition

that the same be made effectual, the said institution, from and after the date of its location as aforesaid, shall have the name and style of 'Purdue University;' and the faith of the State is hereby pledged that such name and style shall be the permanent designation of said institution, without addition thereto or modification thereof."

Purdue

University a

State

Location. By act of the Legislature of 1869 the institution thus provided for was located in Tippecanoe County, and the faith of the State pledged that the location so made shall be permanent. It thus appears that the University, while bearing the name of John Purdue, is an institution established Institution. by the State and that it is, and has been from the beginning, exclusively under the control of the State, subject only to the agreement made with certain benefactors in respect to name, location and kind of work required. It appears also that the Government aid was originally extended not to establish but to aid in the maintenance of a State College of a specific kind. This intention is again clearly intimated in the Morrill Act of 1890, by which the United States Government makes additional appropriations

"For the more complete endowment and maintenance of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts."

From the first the Institution has been under the control of trustees appointed either by specific act of the Legislature or by the Governor. These officers are held responsible to the State for all official acts, are subject to removal, and, in short, are trustees of the State's interests. Furthermore all the property of Purdue University is held in the name of the State and none of it can be disposed of without legislation.

The purpose of Purdue may be clearly stated by quotations from the various acts of Congress which have been accepted and acceded to by the State.

First

By the First Morrill Act, the State was required to Morrill Act. establish a college in which

"The leading objects shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life."

In the Hatch Act of 1887, by which fifteen thouHatch Act. sand dollars per annum was appropriated to the State, the purpose of the grant was stated as follows:

"That in order to aid in acquiring and diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical information on subjects connected with agriculture, and to promote scientific investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science, there shall be established, etc."

Second

By the Second Morrill Act of 1890, by which an additional annuity of twenty-five thousand dollars was Morrill Act. granted to the State, it was provided that this appropriation should

"Be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural and economic science, with special reference to their application in the industries of life and to the facilities for such instruction."

The State's
Duty.

From a careful reading of the three acts it will be seen that the State is required to establish and maintain a "College." It must provide the liberal education for the students of this college which is adequate to graduate them into the professions. It must also emphasize agriculture and the mechanic arts and, in addition, must expend a certain portion of the moneys thus granted in research and in the dissemination of useful knowledge, chiefly it may be inferred by lectures and publi

cations.

Purdue University is thus not a manual training school, nor a trade school. It has more the character of a technical university of a very wide scope and high standard, whose chief purpose is to disseminate useful knowledge and prepare men to enter the practical industries of life.

Some authorities have claimed that the Land Grant Colleges are compelled to offer instruction in the classic languages; others, that such instruction is permissory under these acts. The Trustees of Purdue University have decided that since there seems to be no reasonable demand for these languages at Purdue, and since instruction in them is provided by another State institution, they are justified in excluding them from the courses of study offered, and in limiting the work of the Institution to courses in technology together with such subjects as are incidental to the proper development of these courses.

In order that we may understand more clearly the purpose of Congress in the establishment of such institutions as Purdue University, I quote from an address made in 1888 by Senator Morrill, who is known as the "Father of the Land Grant Colleges."

What "The bounty of the National Government formed a nuSenator cleus in the several States around which buildings, libraries, Morrill laboratories, museums, workshops, gymnasiums, military Says. halls and other educational appliances were expected to be assembled, from funds derived from other and independent sources. It will be remembered that no portion of the national fund can be expended for such purposes, however indispensable--that is to say, for the erection or purchase of buildings, or for keeping them in repair. It was expected that State and individual spontaneous assistance, to the extent of these minor and varying wants, would serve to maintain the bounty of the National Government intact, and that sufficient local consideration and State interest in behalf of the colleges would be enlisted to secure their prosperity and proper management.

"I am glad to say that this expectation was well grounded, and that the generosity of the American people and the liberality of States, with hardly an exception, was not overestimated. I will not tempt the sleep of any one by a protracted chapter of statistics, but will venture to give a few examples, or enough to show how wonderfully these colleges have been built up and how solidly they are supported.

*The college in Indiana, besides the land fund, has received from State appropriations $250,150, from the county where the college was located $50,000, from a single individual $100,000, and from other benefactions $50,000.†

This speech was made ten years ago, therefore the following figures represent what had been given up to that time.

This should have been $150,000.

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