South American Republics, 41; rec-
ommends recognition, 42; Monroe
Doctrine, 44-54; on internal im-
provements, 148, 149; Indian policy,
178; message of, favoring protec-
tive tariff, 231.

Monro, Timothy. His body mistaken
for Morgan's, 117.
Moose Island, 466, 467.

Morelos. Leads rebels in Mexico, 5.
Morgan, William, 109; his book on
masonry, 109-110; kidnapped, 111-
112; excitement over it, 113; Gov-
ernor offers rewards, 113; trial
of the kidnappers, 113-114; Morgan
meetings, 114; charges against
Brant, 114; and Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Upper Canada, 115; Antima-
sonic party formed, 115; appeal to
New York Legislature, 115-116;
Warsaw Convention, 116; body of
Timothy Monro mistaken for Mor-
gan's, 117; appeal to Congress, 118;
Legislature investigates, 119.
Morris, Gouverneur. Life and writ-
ings of, 306.

Moving day in New York, 122.

Mules. Boycott on Kentucky, 257,
259, 262.

Murphy, Archibald D. "Father of
the common schools," 367.
Murray's "English Grammar," 284.
Music. Journal of, 275.

Naples, 33; revolution in, 35-36; the
Carbonari, 38; constitution granted,
39; Ferdinand called Laybach, 39-
40; Austria crushes liberal move-
ment in, 40.

Napoleon. Action of the allies against,
32; returns from Elba, 00; the hun-
dred days' campaign, 34.
Nashoba. Founded, 97-98.
Nashville, 166.

Negro Seaman Act, 200-204; resolu-
tions of South Carolina, 417.
Negro schools. In Philadelphia, 359,
360, 361.

Negroes, Status of the free.

Free
States, 184; in Delaware and Mary-
land and Tennessee, 185; in District
of Columbia, 186; in Virginia and
South Carolina, 186; in Ohio and In-
diana, 186-187; in Illinois, 187-188;
the struggle for a pro-slavery Con-
stitution, 188-191; New Jersey, 192;
in New York, 192; work of the Col-
onization Society, 193-194; feeling
toward free negroes, 194-196; status
in Massachusetts, 196-197; debates
in New York Constitutional Con-
vention, 198-199; projected insur-
rection in South Carolina, 199-200;
Negro Seaman Act, 200-204; Ohio
on colonization, 204; Delaware on,
204; New Jersey, 204; Georgia on
the Colonization Society, 206-207;
South Carolina fugitive slave laws
and kidnapping, 215-219; in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, 219–222.
Netherlands, 13, 15.
New Brunswick.

Province

of,

formed, 466; Plaster of Paris Act,
484; trade with, 486.

New England. Industrial develop-
ment of, 229; effect of tariff act of
1824, 240, 241; depression of woollen
industry, 1826, 241; meeting of

woollen manufacturers at Boston,
241; the tariff of 1828 accepted by,
255; resistance to "Force Act,'
406, 407; refuses militia, 407, 408;
vote on admission of Louisiana,
411; resistance to embargo, 411; to
"Conscript Bill," 411, 412.
New Hampshire. Applies to Con-
gress for advice, 374; reply of, to
Ohio's bank resolutions, 413.
New Harmony, Indiana, 90-96.
New Jersey. Resolution of, favor-
ing tariff, 254; schools in, 356, 357;
case of Holmes vs. Walton, 395,
396.

New Lanark. Owen's work at, 88-89.
New York city. Free Enquirer estab-
lished, 99; Working-men's Advo-
cate, 100; rise of labor party in,
99-101; platform of the party, 99-
100, 100-101; Russell Comstock,
101-102; the Working-men's ticket,
102-103; trade societies disavow the
Free Enquirers, 103-104; The
Friend of Equal Rights and Daily
Sentinel established, 106; labor
ticket in, 107-108; population of
1825, 122; moving day, 122; new
buildings, 122, 123; duties collected,
packet lines, banks, 123; emigrants,
124; government, 124; street clean-
ing, 124; fire department, 124-125;
night watch, 125; curious ordi-
nances, 125-126; gas introduced,
127; anthracite coal, 128-130;
Schuylkill Company, 129-130; open-
ing of Erie Canal, 132-133; maga-
zines of, number, 269, 271; Society
for establishing a Free School,
354-356; case of Rutgers vs, Wad-
dington, 397; opposition to Federal
law, 417.

New York. On caucus nomination,
61, 65; Albany regency, 70, 71;
struggle in the Legislature over
manner of choosing electors, 1824,
70-73; Owenite communities, 96;
Free Enquirers and Working-men's
party, 99-104, 105-107; convention
at Salina, 107; Liberal Working-
men's Party Convention at Syra-
cuse, 108; Poor Man's party, 108;
the Morgan affair, 108-112; excite-
ment and trial of the kidnappers,
113-115; rise of Antimasonic party,
115-119; conventions at Utica and
LeRoy, 120; vote polled, 120; open-
ing of Erie Canal, 132-133; journey
to Buffalo by, 133-134; trade of
Erie Canal, 135-136; abolition of
slavery, 192; restricts free negro
voters, 198-199; tariff memorial of
Legislature, 251; no common school,
in colonial times, 352; Governor
Clinton's message, 352; the Board

of

"Regents" established, 352,
353; Columbia College arouses op-
position, 353; University of the
State of New York established, 353;
lotteries and other attempts to
raise a revenue, 353, 354; appeals
of Clinton and his successors, 354;
legislation, 354; a New York city so-
ciety incorporated, 354, 355; school-
district system, 356; struggle for
new constitution, 383-388; rights of
property vs. rights of man, 383,
385-388; Council of Appointment

abolished, 384; Council of Revision,
384, 385; views of Chancellor Kent,
385, 386; of Martin Van Buren, 387;
white suffrage, 388; negro suffrage,
388; white manhood suffrage, 392;
resolutions of, election of Presi-
dent, 510, 511; vote of, in election
of 1828, 517, 518.
Newspapers, Early labor. The Advo-
cate, 100-101; journals in the differ-
ent States, 105-106; Daily Sentinel,
106, 107; Friend of Equal Rights,
106.

Newspapers. French, in America,

280.

Niles, Hezekiah. Delegate to Har-
risburg Convention, 250.
Nobility, Titles of. Amendment pro-
posed by Congress, 431.
North. The. Industrial condition of,
1816-20, 229, 230; division of inter-
ests of North and South, 242, 243,
244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 254; po-
sition of, on tariff of 1828, 255; boy-
cott of, proposed, 256-259, 262.
North American Clay Working-men's
party, 108.

North American Review, The. Char-
acter of, 276-277; reply to British
criticism, 326, 331, 335-337, 339,
340.

North Carolina. Crawford's strength

in, 60, 68; in Pennsylvania, 69; re-
port of Legislative committee on
the tariff, 251, 252; schools in, char-
acter of, 366, 367; educational
movement for, 367, 368.
Northwest Ordinance. Political Ideas
of, 378, 379.

Northwest Territory, Schools in. Dif-
ficulties of establishment, 369, 370;
universities and colleges, 370, 371.
Northwest, The, 20-27.

Novels read in early part of century,
280, 283-284.

"

Nullification. Proposed by "Sidney,"
261; resolutions proposed in South
Carolina Legislature, 263: South
Carolina Exposition," 263-267; Ken-
tucky resolutions, 403; Massachu-
setts resists Force Act," 406, 407;
Message of Governor Trumbull, of
Connecticut, 407: refusal of New
England States to furnish militia,
407 408; resolutions of Massachu-
setts on embargo, 411; resolutions
of Maine and Massachusetts, 473-
476.

Oath. Masonic oath attacked, 119.
Oaths. Required of office holders,
390, note, 391, notes.
Occupying claimant laws, 414-416.
O'Donojú, Lieutenant-General
Juan, 10.

Don

Office holders. Removal of, 521-536.
Ohio. Free negro in, 186; on coloni-
zation, 254; resolutions of, favoring
protection, 254; grant to, for
schools, 363, 364; schools in, pro-
visions of first constitution, 370;
difficulty of enforcement, 371; con-
flict between the Legislature and
the judiciary, 399, 400; State rights
resolutions of, 413.

Ohlo river. Voyage down, 150-151.
Olmsted case, Gideon. Pennsylvania

and the Federal courts, 403-406;

569

proposed amendment suggested by,
430.

Ordinance of 1787, 378.

Ordinances. Curious, in New York,
125-126; in Philadelphia, 126.
Oregon. Prevost in, 18; Russians on
the Pacific coast, 18; occupation of,
discussed, 18-20, 21; the Russian
ukase, 20; the Alaskan boundary,
21-23; no use for Oregon, 23-27;
claims of United States and Great
Britain, 477-479; debate in Con-
gress over value of, 479-483.
Osborn, Charles, 209, 212.
Otis, James. Speech of, 395.
Otis, Samuel Allyne, 523.
Oven. The frontier out-oven," 154.
Owen, Robert. At New Lanark, 88;
buys Harmony, 90; lectures on his
plan, 90-91; the preliminary so-
ciety, 92-93; community of equal-
ity, 93-94; condition of New Har-
mony, 94; dress reform at, 95; Dec-
laration of Mental Independence,
95; effects, 95-96; failure of New
Harmony, 96; Owenite communities
elsewhere, 96-97; with Miss Wright
founds Free Enquirer, 99.

Owen, Robert Dale, 99, 103-104, 107.
Owenite communities. New Har-
mony, 90-96; Macluria, Feiba Pe-
ven, 96; in other States, 96-97.

Packet lines from New York city,
124.
Painters' Society, New York City,
104.

Panama Congress. Early sugges-
tions of, 433; South American Min-
isters confer with Clay relative to,
434; the United States formally in-
vited to, 440; proposed programme,
440, 441; Adams's message and
nomination of envoys, 441, 442; op-
position to, in the Senate, 442-450;
question of debate in open session,
442, 443; partisan attempt to cen-
sure Adams, 442, 443; reasons for
opposition to, 443, 444; Hayne's
speech on the Monroe Doctrine,
444; White's views of the same and
Its application, 444, 445; pro-slav-
ery interests aroused, 445-449;
Hayne's speech, 445-447; White's
speech, 447; Berrien on danger of
the liberation of Cuba, 447. 448;
Benton on recognition of Hayti,
448, 449; nomination of envoys con-
firmed, 449, 450; debate in the
House, 450-459; House calls for
papers, 450, 451; resolution on ex-
pediency of appropriating funds,
451; Webster's constitutional argu-
ment, 451, 457-459; Buchanan's
resolution, 451, 452; Administra-
tion's policy attacked, 452-456; obli-
gation of the House to make the
appropriation, 456, 457; Webster's
view of the Monroe Doctrine, 457-
458; appropriation bill passed, 459;
failure of the Congress, 459.
Pardoning power, 380.

Parley, Peter, 301.

Parties. Minor political parties. The
Free Enquirers. 99-106; Working-
men's party, 100-108; Antimasonic,
108-120.

Patterson, Justice, 401.

Paulding, James K., 301; reply to
British criticism, 312.
Peale's Museum. Gas in, 127.
Pennsylvania. Anti-caucus address
of, 63; nomination of Jackson, 67;
charters a railroad, 139-140; com-
mission to explore route from
Philadelphia to the Ohio, 141-142;
Canal Convention, 142; Board of
Canal Commissioners, 142; work on
canals begun, 141; railroad char-
tered, 142-143, 144; fugitive slave
law, 216-217; agitation In, in favor
of an increased protective tariff,
1827, 245-247; Harrisburg Conven-
tion, 250, 251; tariff memorial of
Legislature, 251; schools in, provi-
sions of early constitutions, 357; act
of 1802, 357, 358; agitation for, 358,
359; free private schools, 359; Phil-
adelphia the first school district,
359; controller's report, 359-361;
negro schools, 360, 361; poor char-
acter of country schools, 361, 362;
defects of the system, 362; defiance
of the Federal courts-Gideon Olm-
sted case, 403-406; amendment pro-
posed, 406; proposes amendment
for impartial tribunal, 430.
Peters, Judge, 405.

Petitions. Protective tariff, pro and
con, 1824, 232, 233; of New England
woollen manufacturers, 1826, 241.
Philadelphia. Early labor strikes,
84: labor party in, 87-88; free
schools in, 87-88; labor party, 104-
105; government of, 126; introduc-
tion of gas, 126-128; anthracite
coal, 129; railroad meeting, 141;
magazines of, number of, 269, 271;
medical, 272, 273; religious, 273,
note, 274, note; theatrical and ju-
venile, 275, notes; The Port Folio,
276, 286; the Analectic Magazine,
275, 276, note; Irving editor of,
292; a literary centre, 281-283;
Medical and Physical Journal
founded, 272; schools in, 359; at-
tendance, 359, 360.
Philanthropist, The, 209.

"Pilot," The. Publication of, 299,
300.

Pinckney, C. c. Anti-tariff toast
proposed by, 258; other seditious
toasts, 261.

Piracy. The United States makes
African slave trade piracy, 16.
Pitcher, Nathaniel. Working-men's
candidate, 107; Governor of New
York, 118-119.

Plaster of Paris Act, 484.

Platforms. Of the Working-men's
party, 99-100, 101-102.
Poetry, American. Review of, by
Bryant, 302.

Poinsett, Joel R. Clay's instruction
to, on Monroe Doctrine, 53; first
Minister to Mexico, 439; instruc-
tions of, 439, 440: opens negotia-
tions with Mexico, 440; signs
boundary treaty with Mexico, 461;
installs a York lodge of Masons in
Mexico, 540; renews negotiations
for purchase of Texas, 542-543; re-
call of, 549.

Political ideas. Of the forefathers,
873; in early State constitutions,
374-378; in Northwest Ordinance

and Federal Constitution, 378, 379;
in new State constitutions, 379,
380; in the second decade of the
century, 380, 381; the reforms in
New York, 383-388, 392; in Massa-
chusetts, 388-389; in Maryland, 390-
392; in Virginia, 392-393; changes
of half a century, 393, 394; power
of judiciary over legislative acts,
394; early State practice, 395-400;
Federal practice, 400-406; relation
between the State and the Fed-
eral governments, 401-418; juris-
diction of Federal Courts, 401-
406, 414-418; division of powers,
407-413; the Federal executive,
ideas of convention, 418-421, 425,
426; changes effected, 422-425, 426-
428.

Political literature, 278–279.

Polk, James K. Resolution on Pan-
ama Congress appropriation, 455,
456.

"Poor Man's Party," 108.

Population. Of the States, 82; of
cities, 82; of New York, 122.

Port Folio, The. Character of, 276,
286.

Porto Rico. America fears transfer
to Great Britain, 434-436; instruc-
tions to our Minister to Spain, 435,
436; fear of South American inter-
vention in, 434, 436, 437; the Ad-
ministration attempts to mediate,
437-440.

Port Royal, Nova Scotia, 464.
Portugal. Agreement as to slave-
trade, 13, 14, 15; revolution in,
39.

Postage. Rates of, 533; trouble over
the administration of the law, 533-
536.

Post-Office, The. Removal of post-
masters by Jackson, 532, 533;
growth of postal business, 533;
rates of postage, 533, note; new ad-
ministration of postal laws, 533,
534; arouses complaints, 534-536.
Preliminary Society of New Har-
mony, The, 92-93.

Prescott, W. H., 304.

President. Powers regarding slave-
trade, 16; method of election, 420,
421; twelfth amendment, 424, 425;
veto power, 421; speech or message,
422, 424: Cabinet and, 422, 425;
term of, 425-427; no third-term tra-
dition, 427, 428; proposed amend-
ment to restrict terms of, 428, 429;
the twelfth amendment, 430; for
abolition of the vice-presidency,
431; choice of, by lot, 431; num-
ber and character of proposed
amendments, 432; Adams's elec-
tion," corrupt bargain" charged,
489-494; Clay's reply, 494, 495;
Jackson letter and speeches, 492-
496; Jackson renominated by Ten-
nessee, 496, 497; amendment pro-
posed. 497, 500; Jackson's charges,
504-508: Tennessee proposes amend-
ment, 508; New York's resolutions,
510, 511; Adams renominated, 513;
the campaign of 1828, 513-517; the
vote, 517-520, note.

Presidential Election of 1824.
Lowndes and Calhoun nominated,
56; Jackson nominated, 57; feeling

In the West, 58; Calhoun nominated
by caucus in South Carolina, 60;
Crawford in Georgia, 60; Tennessee
on caucus, 60-61; other States on
caucus, 61; Virginia on, 61-62;
Pennsylvania anti-caucus address,
63; congressional committee report
on, 63-64; caucus nominates Craw-
ford and Gallatin, 64; caucus ad-
dress, 64-65; Adams nominated, 65;
action by the people, 65, 66, 67, 68;
De Witt Clinton nominated, 66;
Jackson indorsed, 67; Clay nomi-
nated, 67; standing of the candi-
dates, 69; Gallatin withdraws, 70;
contest over electors in New York,
70-73; election day in the States,
74-75; no choice by the electors,
76; Kremer's charge of bargain
and corruption, 78-79; election of
Adams, 79-81; election of 1828, an-
ger over the result, 489; members
of Congress explain, 490-492; Jack-
son's letter on, 492; Clay answers
Jackson, 493-495; popularity of
Jackson, 495 496; Clay, 496; Jack-
son resigns from United States
Senate, 496; renominated by Ten-
nessee, 496-497; the campaign in
Congress, 498; Branch attacks Clay,
499; John Randolph, 500; Blifil and
Black George, 500; the Clay-Ran-
dolph duel, 500; McDuffie's speech,
501; the East Room, 503; the bil-
liard table, 503-504; Carter Bever-
ley letter, 505; Jackson's state-
ment, 505-506; Clay's reply, 506-
507; Jackson names Buchanan, who
denies, 507-508; Tennessee investi-
gates, 508-509; New York on
Adams, 509-510; nominations of
Adams and Rush, 513; choice of
electors, 513-514; abuse of Jackson
and Adams, 514-516; the election,
517; table of popular and electoral
vote, 518.

Prevost, J. B. Goes to Oregon, 18;
reports Russian settlements on Pa-
cific, 18; receives surrender of As-
toria, 25.

Produce. Kentucky, boycotted, 257,
259, 262.

Property qualifications. In early
State constitutions, 377; abolition
of, 379, 380; advocated by Chancel-
lor Kent, 385, 386; by Webster, 388.
Proscription of office holders, 521-536.
Protective tariff. Act of 1816 a dis-
appointment, 229; effort to secure,
230, 231; bill defeated in Senate,
1820, 231; House of Representatives
opposed to, 1821-23, 231; Monroe's
messages favor, 231; bill reported
in House, 1824, 231, 232; petitions
and memorials, pro and con, 1824,
232, 233; argument in the House,
233-240; Hamilton's speech against,
234; Clay's speech in favor of, 234-
237; Webster's reply, 237-240; divi-
sion of the country over bill, 240;
vote and passage of bill, 240; effect
of the act of 1824 on New England,
240-242; increased protection for
woollens sought by New England,
241, 242: new bill, 242, note; de-
feated, 1827, 242; rejoicing in the
South over defeat, 242; reasons for
opposition in the South, 242-243;

571

agitation against, in South Caro
lina, 243-245; agitation in favor, in
Pennsylvania and call for Harris-
burg Convention, 246, 247, 248; re-
newed agitation in South Carolina,
247-249; speech of Dr. Cooper at
Columbia, 247-249; Dr. Cooper's
resolutions, 249; Georgetown, South
Carolina, resolutions, 249; the Har-
risburg Convention and its memo-
rial, 249-251; tariff and anti-tariff
memorials, 251-254; tariff
abominations," 254, 255; resistance
to, 255-267; anti-tariff meetings in
South Carolina, 255, 256; southern
newspapers on a, 256-258, 259; nul-
lification urged, 261; message of
Governor of South Carolina, 262;
action of Legislature, 262, 263; the
"South Carolina Exposition," 263-
267; protests of South Carolina,
Alabama, and Georgia, 267.

of

Qualifications. For the franchise,
376-377, 379, 381, 382, 383-388; for
office, 377, 379, 380, 385-386, 388,
390-392; in Virginia, 392-394.
Quarterly Review, The. Southey's
attack on the American people,
309-312; reviews of works of travel
in the United States, 315, 316; ar-
ticles on America, 319, 321-324, 337-
339, 342.

Quincy, Josiah. Speech on the ad-
mission of Louisiana, 409-411.

Railroads. The Stevens charter, 138;
Dearborn applies to Congress, 138-
139; Stevens's letter to Mayor of
Philadelphia, 139; charter from
Pennsylvania, 139-140; "What is a
railroad?" 140-141; model of loco-
motive, 141; meeting at Philadel-
phia, 141; Pennsylvania commis-
sion, 141-142; Columbia, Lancaster
and Philadelphia Railroad char-
tered, 142; Mohawk and Hudson,
143; Granite Railway Company,
143; Massachusetts plans for rail-
roads, 143; Stevens's circular road,
43-144; Pennsylvania charters, 144;
Baltimore and Ohio, 144; railroads
in the South, 144; in New Jersey,
144:-145; in Virginia, 145; mileage
in 1830, 145; mechanical difficulties,
145; early road-beds, 145-146; early
locomotives, 146-147.

Rails. Early kinds of, 146.
Ramsey's History of the Revolu-
tion in South Carolina," 284, 306.
Randolph, John. Charges against,
and duel with Clay, 500.
Rapp, George, 89.

in

Rappites, 89; built Harmony,
Pennsylvania, 89: New Harmony,
Indiana, 89-90; sell to Owen, 90.
Regency. The Albany, 70, 71.
Religion. Lack of, in United States,
322.

Religious journals. Early number,
269; Virginia magazine, 271; early
Philadelphia, 272: Presbyterian,
273; Episcopalian, 273; other maga-
zines, 273, note; the Religious Re-
membrancer, 274; of Boston, 274;
number and circulation, 274, 275.
Religious qualifications. In early
State constitutions, 377; abolition

of, 378, 379; contest to abolish, in
Maryland, 390-392; qualifications in
Massachusetts, 390, note; New Jer-
sey, Delaware, and North Caro-
lina, 391, note.
Founded,

Religious Remembrancer.

274.
Removals from office. Jackson's
theory, 525-526; removals under
him, 527-537.

Representation. In early State con-
stitutions, 375, 376, note; new ap-
portionment in Virginia, 1829, 393.
Republics, Spanish American. Rec-
ognized by United States, 41-42; at-
titude of Great Britain toward, 43;
Canning on European intervention
in affairs of, 44; Rush and Gallatin
on, 44, note; Monroe on, 45.
Resolutions. Congress, on independ-
ence of South American repub-
lics, 41, 42; Tennessee, nominating
Jackson, 57; South Carolina,
State rights, 252-253; Georgia, 253;
Alabama, 253; South Carolina Ex-
position," 263, 266, 402, 403; Penn-
sylvania, 403-406; Delaware, 407;
Connecticut, 408; Ohio, 413; Geor-
gia, 413; Virginia, 414; Kentucky,
415-417; New York, on election of
President, 510, 511; Maine and Mas-
sachusetts, on State rights, 473–476.
Revision. The Council of, in New
York, 384-385.

on

Rhode Island. Case of Trevett vs.
Weeden, 397-399, note; refusal to
furnish militia, 407, 408; tariff me
morial of Legislature, 251; schools
in, few free, in colonial times, 351;
first free school law, 1800, 352; re-
pealed, 1803, re-enacted, 1828, 352;
constitution of 1824, 390.
Ritner, Joseph. Governor of Penn-
sylvania, president of Harrisburg
Convention, 250.

Rittenhouse, David. Heirs of, sued
by Olmsted, 405–406.

Road. The national, 149, 150.
Robbins, Ashur, Senator. Delegate
to Harrisburg Convention, 250.
Rochester, 135.

Root, Erastus.

Working-men's can-

didate for Governor of New York,
107.

Ross, Judge, 403-404.
Rouse's Point, 469-473.

Rush, Richard, 15; instructed as to
our claims in Oregon, 22-23; Can-
ning's proposition to, and reply of,
44; appointed Secretary of the
Treasury, 433; nominated for Vice-
President, 513.

Russia. Colonizes on Pacific coast,
18; claims to Oregon country, 20;
the Alaskan boundary, 20-22;
United States seeks assistance of,
to end Spanish-South American
war, 437-439.

Rutgers vs. Waddington, 397.
Rutledge, Henry. Toast of, 258.

Santa Anna. Rebels against Itur-
bide, 11; Secretary of War, 541.
Santa Fé. Trade with, 168.

St. Croix. Settlement of De Monts,
464; determination of the river,
464-467.

St. John, New Brunswick, 485.

St. Mary's Bay, 464.

Say, Thomas. At New Harmony, 94.
School, The Common. Present status,
343: in 1824, 343; beginnings in
Massachusetts, acts of 1642, 1647,
343, 344; later colonial acts, 344;
provision of first constitution and
act of 1789, 344, note, 345; school-
house, 345; the school tax, 345; the
district school, 345, 346; introduc-
tion of text-books, 346; the charac-
ter of teachers, 346; grammar
schools decline, 346, 347; acade-
mies founded, 347, note; faults of
the Massachusetts system, 347, 348;
system of Connecticut, the colonial
period, 348, 349; the Western Re-
serve and the school fund, 349-
351; services of James Hillhouse,
350; decline of schools, 351; in
Rhode Island, few free, 351; first
free-school law, 1800, 352; repealed,
1803, re-enacted, 1828, 352; in New
York State, no free schools in colo-
nial times, 352; Governor Clinton's
message, 352, 354; Board of Regents
established, 352, 353; rivalry of Co-
lumbia College, 353; University of
the State of New York, 353; lot-
teries and other efforts to raise a
fund, 353, 354; a New York city
society incorporated, 354, 355; the
Lancastrian method, 355, 356; school
districts system established, 356;
in New Jersey, 356, 357; backward-
ness of Delaware, 357; provisions of
Pennsylvania's constitutions, 357;
act of 1802, 357, 358; agitation for,
358, 359; free private schools, 359;
Philadelphia schools, 359; Pennsyl
vania, report, 359-361; negro schools,
360, 361; poor character of country
schools, 361, 362; defects of the
system, 362; character of, in Mary-
land, 362; Baltimore schools, 362,
363; beginnings of primary system,
363; Maryland seeks Federal land
grant, 364, 365; action of Congress
and States, 365; State legislation,
365, 366; Virginia schools, Jeffer-
son's plan for, 366; failure of legis-
lation, 366; North Carolina, char-
acter of, 366, 367; educational move-
ment in Legislature, 367, 368; South
Carolina system, 368; Georgia, early
legislation, 369; Northwest Terri-
tory, difficulties of establishment,
369, 370; Ohio, provisions of first
constitution, 370: difficulty of en-
forcement, 371; Indiana, neglect of,
371: Illinois, taxation for, resisted,
371; Kentucky, early efforts, 371,
372; Tennessee, 372.
Schools. Working-men's, in Philadel-
phia denounced, 87; free school in
Pennsylvania, 87-88.

Scientific journals. Silliman's, 273;
American Mineralogical, 273.
Seamen. South Carolina Negro Sea-
man Act, 200-204.

Search, The right of. In connection
with slave-trade, 14, 15. 17.
Secession. Suggested in South Caro-
lina, 256; toasts at Charleston, 258,
note; letter in Charleston Mercury,
259; sentiment in favor of, 260,
261.

Secretaries, Under Adams: State,