Henry Clay; Treasury, Richard
Rush; War, James Barbour; Navy,
James L. Southard; Attorney-Gen-
eral, William Wirt; Postmaster-
General, John McLean. Under
Jackson: State, Martin Van Bu-
ren; Treasury, S. D. Ingham; War,
John H. Eaton; Navy, John Branch;
Attorney-General, J. McP. Berrien;
Postmaster-General, W. T. Barry.
Sedgwick, Catherine, 301.

Sentinel, The Dally. Early labor
newspaper, 107.
Sergeant, Mrs., 405-406.
Settlers, Early, in the West.

Jour-

ney to Ohio, 151-152; Half-faced
camp, 152; the log hut, 152-153;
household utensils, 153, 154; farm-
ing, 154-155; growth of towns, 155-
156; anecdotes of frontier life, 156-
158; the circuit rider, 159-160; wild-
cat banking, 160-162.
Sharpe, Peter. Delegate to Harris-
burg Convention, 250.
Sidney. Urges nullification, 261.
Sigourney, L. H., 301.

Silliman's Journal. Founded, 273.
Slave-trade. In the District of Co-
lumbia, 219–226; abolition of, pro-
posed for consideration for the
Panama Congress, 441; opposition
of the Pro-slavery party, 443, 447.
Slavers. Number of African coast,
14, 16-17.

Slavery. Pro-slavery laws of Illi-
nois, 187-188; struggle to make Il-
nois slave soil, 189-191; abolition
of, by New York, 192; projected in-
surrection of slaves in Charleston,
South Carolina, 199-200; South
Carolina Negro Seaman Act, 200-
204; Governor Troup of Georgia on,
205; reply of Legislature, 205-206;
rise of the abolitionists, 208; Ben-
jamin Lundy, 208-209; early aboli
tion presses, 209-213; Garrison, 210-
212; antislavery societies, 213-214;
fugitive slave law, 215-216; Penn-
sylvania law, 216-217; complaint of
Maryland, 217; Delaware and Penn-
sylvania change their laws, 218;
fugitive slaves in District of Colum-
bia, 219; slave-trade in, 220-226;
cotton and, 228; South Carolina on
powers of Congress over, 252; abo-
lition of, in Cuba and Porto Rico
proposed, 443; opposition of Pro-
slavery party, 445-449; Mexico at-
tempts to abolish slavery in Texas,
548, 549.

Slaves. Treatment of, in District of
Columbia, 226; tariff increases cost
of clothing of, 243.
Smith, Sydney. Criticism of the
United States, 317-319, 328-330.
Socialism. Robert Owen at New
Lanark, 88; the Rappites at Har-
mony and New Harmony, 89-90;
Owen buys Harmony, 90: lectures
on his community plan, 90-92; the
Preliminary Society of New Har-
mony, 92-93; the village in 1826,
93; Community of Equality, 93-94;
condition of New Harmony, 94:
dress reform, 95; Declaration of
Mental Independence. 95: effect,
95-96; failure of New Harmony, 96;
Owenite communities elsewhere,

573

96; Nashoba, 97-98; Francis Wright,
97; the Nashoba and New Harmony
Gazette, 98; Miss Wright's lectures,
98-99; the Working-man's party at
New York city, 99-104; in Philadel-
phia, 104-105; spread of the Free
Enquirers, 105-106, 107-108.
Society. The Farmers' and Mechan.
ics', 105; Pennsylvania, for the
Promotion of Internal Improve-
ments, collects information as to
railroads, 140-141; American, for
the Colonization of Free Blacks in
Africa, 193, 194, 206, 207, 208; the
Manumission, 214; St. Paul's Agri-
cultural, on the tariff, 244; Penn-
sylvania, for Promotion of Manu-
factures and the Mechanic Art,
calls tariff convention, 246; Free
School, of New York, 356; for Free
Instruction of Female Children,
359; Aimwell School, 359; Philadel-
phia, for Establishment and Sup-
port of Charity Schools, 359;
Friends' Association for the In-
struction of Poor Children, 359;
Female Humane Association Char-
ity School, 362; Carpenters' Hu-
mane, 363; Benevolent, 363.
Southard, James L. Appointed Sec-
retary of the Navy, 433.
South, The. Effect of invention of
cotton gin on, 227, 228; natural re-
sources of, 227; trade of,
Great Britain, 228, 242, 243; indus-
trial conditions of, 228; contrasted
with the North, 229; opposition of,
to protective tariff, 232-234, 242-
245, 247-249; rejoices over defeat of
tariff, 1827, 242; division of inter-
ests of North and South, 242, 243,
244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 254; re-
sist tariff of 1828, 255-267; exclu-
sion of Northern products proposed,
256-259, 262; protective tariff inju-
rious to, 264, 265.

with

South American Republics. Early at-
tempt to form a union of, 433, 434;
certain Ministers of. interview
Clay, 434; invite the United States
to Panama Congress, 440, 441.
South Carolina. Lowndes and Cal-
houn nominated for presidency, 56,
60: projected insurrection of slaves,
199-200; Negro Seaman Act, 200-
204; on colonization, 207; opposition
of, to protective tariff, 1827, 243-
245; speech of Senator Hayne before
Charleston Chamber of Commerce,
243, 244; resolutions of St. Paul's
Agricultural Society, 1827, 244;
Charleston Chamber of Commerce
resolutions, 244, 245; memorial of
Colleton District, 245; call for
Harrisburg Convention arouses a
renewal of agitation In, 247-249;
speech of Dr. Cooper at Columbia,
247-249; Dr. Cooper's resolutions,
249; Georgetown resolutions, 249;
Senate State rights report, 1828,
252, 253; reply of New Jersey, 254;
memorials of citizens, 254; resist-
ance to the tariff of 1828, 255-267;
anti-tariff meeting at Walterbor-
ough, 255, 256; secession suggested,
256; legislative boycott of Northern
goods proposed, 256-259; seditious
toasts proposed, 258, note, 261;

speech of McDuffie, 258, 259, 261;
letter in Charleston Mercury, 259;
Union speech of Governor, 259, 260;
nullification and disunion urged,
260, 261; Governor's message tem-
perate, 262; views and resolutions
of Legislature, 262, 263; adopts Cal-
houn's "Exposition of 1828," 263-
267; resolutions of, 266, 267; school
system of, 368; Negro Seaman Act,
200-204; State rights resolutions,
417.

South Carolina College. Students of,
boycott Northern goods, 257.
Southwick, Solomon. Antimasonic
candidate for Governor, 120.
Spain. Delivers Florida to United
States, 2; rebellion of South Ameri-
can colonies, 2; Mexico rebels, 3;
defeat of the rebels, 3-6; Long in
Mexico, 6-7; Mexico rebels, 9; Itur-
bide Emperor of Mexico, 9; the
plan of Iguala, 9-10; loses Mexico,
10; agreement as to slave-trade, 13,
14; Ferdinand VII and the Liberals,
33-34; revolt of colonies, 36-37; re-
bellion In, 37-38; independence of
her colonies recognized by United
States, 41-42; attitude of Great
Britain toward, 43; France invades,
43-44; relations with, instructions
to our Minister to Spain relative to
Cuba and Porto Rico, 434-436;
Adams attempts to mediate to end
war with South America, 436-440;
fear of liberation of Cuba and Porto
Rico, 436, 437; instructions to Min-
Ister at Madrid, 437; seeks Russia's
aid, 437-439; French fleet appear off
Cuba, 439; alarm of Mexico, 439,
440; Clay's protest to France, 440.
Sparks, Jared. Early life, 304; edi-
torial work, 304, 305; collects the
"Writings of Washington," 305,
306; other works, 305, 306; compen-
sation of, 304.

Spoils system. Office seekers invade
Washington, 519, 520; demand for
office, 521-523, notes, 525, note;
Jackson's views on patronage, 525,
526; members of Congress appointed
to office, 526, note; inauguration of
the system in the Post-Office De-
partment. 526, 527; wholesale re-
movals, 528; the scramble for office,
528-530; disappointment with ap
pointments, 530; appointment
editors, 530, 531; distress caused by
removals, 531: continuance of re-
movals, 531, 532: effect of removal
of postmasters, 532, 533.

of

'Spy, The." Its success, 298, 299.
State government. During the Revo-
lution, 373-378; colonies apply to
Congress for advice, 374; advice
given, 374: State constitutions
framed, 375; bills of rights, 375;
character of constitutions, 375-378;
suffrage, 376, 377; powers of Execu-
tive, 377, 378; gradual abolition of
religious and property qualifica-
tions, 379, 380; new ideas in, 1810-
'20, 380, 381: new constitution of
New York, 383-388; amended con-
stitution, Massachusetts, 388-390;
Rhode Island, 390; New York suf-
frage amendment, 392; new consti-
tution in Virginia, 392, 393; changes

400.

of half a century, 393, 394; the
Legislatures and the courts, 395-
State rights. South Carolina, 203;
Governor Troup, 205; Georgia on,
205-207; report of the Senate of
South Carolina, 1828, 252-253; Geor-
gia resolutions, 1828, 253; Alabama
resolution, 1828, 253, 254; toasts at
Charleston, 258, note, 261; resolution
asserting, 263; South Carolina
Exposition on, 266; opposition to
suits against States, 402; resolu-
tions of States, 402, 403; asserted
by Pennsylvania (Gideon Olmsted
case), 403-406; resolutions of Penn-
sylvania and Virginia, 406; New
England resistance to Force Act,
406, 407; resolutions of Delaware,
407; New England States refuse
militia, 407, 408; resolutions of Con-
necticut, 408; speech of Josiah
Quincy on admission of Louisiana,
409-411; Massachusetts opposes Em-
bargo Act, 411; resistance to "Con-
script Bill," 411, 412; State rights
resolutions of Ohio, 1820, 413; mani-
festo in Georgia Senate, 413; Vir-
ginia denies jurisdiction of Su-
preme Court, 414; Kentucky resists
Jurisdiction of Federal courts, 415-
417; New York opposes Federal
law, 417; assertion of, by South
Carolina, Negro Seaman Act, 417;
general assertion of, 418; resolu-
tions of Maine and Massachusetts,
473-476.

States, Suits against. Opposition to,
402.

States, The. Influence of, in election
of President by House of Represen-
tatives, 62.

Stay laws. In Illinois, 161; in Ken-
tucky, 162; old-court and new-court
struggles, 162–166.

Steamboats, 130-131, 166.

Stevens, John. Acquires railroad
charter, 138; letter to Mayor of
Philadelphia, 139; charter from
Pennsylvania, 139–140; circular rail-
road, 143-144.

Stoddard's Louisiana, 306.

Street cleaning in New York city,
124; in Philadelphia, 126.
Strikes. Early, 84, 85.

Suffrage. Negro, 184, 186, 187, 192,
198-199; qualifications for, early
State constitutions, 377; manhood
suffrage, 379, 380: in New York
Convention, 1821, 384-387; in Massa-
chusetts Convention, 1820, 388-390;
New York, manhood, 392; new
qualifications in Virginia, 392, 393.
Surgery. First journal of, 273.
Swartwout, Samuel. Jackson's let-
ter to, 492; on office seeking, 529.
Sweden, 13.

Tables. Popular vote, 1824, 75; elec-
toral vote, 76; vote of House of
Representatives in 1825, 81; popu-
lar and electoral vote, 1828, 518-520.
Tariff. Effect of, 1816, 229; demand
for protective tariff. 230; bill de-
feated in Senate, 1820, 231; House
of Representatives opposed to pro-
tective tariff, 1821-23, 231: Mon-
roe's messages favor protection,

231; bill reported in 1824, 231, 232;
petitions and memorials, pro and
con, 1824, 232, 233; discussion in the
House, 233-240; Hamilton's speech
against, 234; Clay's speech in favor,
234-237; Webster's reply, 237-240;
division of the country over the
bill, 240; vote and passage of bill,
240; effect of the act of 1824 on
New England, 240-242; increased
protection for woollens sought by
New England, 241, 242; new bill,
242, note; defeated, 1827, 242; re-
joicing in the South over defeat,
242; reason for opposition of the
South, 242, 243; agitation against, in
South Carolina, 1827, 243-245; agi-
tation in favor, in Pennsylvania,
and call for Harrisburg Conven-
tion, 246-248; renewed agitation in
South Carolina, 247-249; speech of
Dr. Cooper at Columbia, 247-249;
Dr. Cooper's resolutions, 249;
Georgetown, South Carolina, reso-
lutions, 249; the Harrisburg Con-
vention and its memorial, 249-251;
tariff and anti-tariff memorials,
251-245, 417; tariff of abomina-
tions," 254, 255; resistance to, 255-
267; anti-tariff meetings in South
Carolina, 255, 256; Southern news-
papers on the, 256, 258, 259; nullif-
cation of, urged, 261; message of
Governor of South Carolina, 262;
action of Legislature, 262, 263;
adopts the "South Carolina Expo-
sition," 263-267; protests of South
Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia,
267, 417.

Tariff. Rumor of a proposed reci-
procity treaty with Great Britain,
555; friends of the tariff aroused,
555; certain Administration papers
approve, 555, 556; constitutional
rights of treaty-making power, 556.
Taverns, 150-151.

Teachers. Poorly trained, 346–348,
362.

Tennessee. Common schools in, 372;
grant to, for colleges, 364; Legis-
lature renominates Jackson, 496,
497; resolutions on election of
President, 508, 509; nominates Jack-
son for President, 57; on congres-
sional caucus, 60-61.
Tenure, Judges', 393.
Term. Question of a third, for the
President, 423, 425-429.
Territory, Annexation of.

Discus-

3-6;

sion over Louisiana, 408-411.
Texas. Early rebellions in,
Long's expedition, 6; declares it in-
dependent, 7; Austin, 7; grant to
Stephen Austin, 8; attempts to col-
onize, 8-9; troubles in Mexico delay
Austin, 9-12; other applicants, 10;
Austin begins his work, 12; Texas
joined to Coahuila, 12; First Con-
gress of Coahuila and Texas, 12;
colonization law of, 13; attempts
of Adams's Administration to pur-
chase, 460, 461; Jackson reopens
negotiations for, 461-463; Van Bu-
ren's instructions to Poinsett rela-
tive to purchase of, 542, 543; news-
paper articles advocating the pur-
chase of, 543-545; arguments of
annexationists, 545-547; arguments

575

of their opponents, 547, 548; at-
tempts of Guerrero to abolish slav-
ery in, 548, 549; popular opposition
in Mexico to sale of, 551, 552; Ala-
man, Secretary of State, exposes
policy of the United States in, 552,
553; advises prompt action in, 553,
554; law excluding United States
citizens, 554, note; negotiations for
Texas abandoned, 554, 555.
"Thanatopsis.' Publication of, 301,

302.

Theatrical Censor, The. Established,

275.

Theology. Early church magazines,
273.

Thespian Mirror, The. Established,

275.

Throop, Enos T. Delegate to Har-
risburg Convention, 250.

Toasts. At McDuffie dinner, 258; se-
cession, 261.

United

Trade. To the West by Erie Canal,
135-136; new trade with the West,
137; trade of Philadelphia threat-
ened, 137; on the Mississippi, 166;
export and import, of South with
Great Britain, 228, 242, 243; im-
portation of British woollen goods,
1824, 240; effect of cessation of war
in Europe on, 246, 247.
Trade, The Slave-. Efforts of Great
Britain to abolish, 13-16; proposal
of Great Britain to the
States regarding, 15; how carried
on, 14, 15; action of the United
States regarding, 16-18; vessels
sent to African coast, 16, 17; made
piracy by United States, 16.
Transportation. By Erie Canal, 135-
136; effect of Erie Canal on New
England, 137; early railroad enter-
prises, 138-140; Pennsylvania So-
clety for the Promotion of Internal
Improvement, 140; Pennsylvania
commission, 141-142; Canal Conven-
tion, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 142;
railroad chartered, 142; New York
charters railroads, 143; Massachu-
setts commission, 143; Pennsylvania
and Maryland, 144; in the South,
144; in New Jersey, 144-145; on the
Mississippi, 166-168.

Travel. By steamboat, 130-131; open-
ing of the Erie Canal, 132-133; jour-
ney to Buffalo by canal, 133-134;
canal boat described, 134; travel of
Erie Canal, 135-136; cost of Erie,
135; other canals begun, 136-137;
from Philadelphia to Pittsburg,
150-151; down the Ohio, 151-152;
on the Mississippi, 166-168.
Travellers in America. Article by
Sydney Smith, 317-319, notes.
Treaty, The Quadruple, 32, 35; con-
stitutional rights of treaty-making
power over the tariff, 556; Indian
Springs, 179–181.

Trevett vs. Weeden. Case of, 397-
399, note.

Trial of Morgan kidnappers, 113, 114.
Troost, Gerard. At New Harmony,
94.

Troppau. Congress at, 39.

Troup, Governor of Georgia. On In-
dian troubles, 180; on slavery, 205.
Troy. Working-man's ticket, 107.
Tyler, John, 61, 63.

Unconstitutional acts, Power of judi-
ciary over. Origin and growth of
power, 394; case in Virginia, 1766,
394; James Otis's declaration, 395;
Justice Cushing's charge, 395; other
early assertions, 395; the New Jer-
sey precedent, Holmes vs. Walton,
395, 396; opinion of Virginia judges,
396, 397; Rutgers vs. Waddington,
397; Trevett vs. Weeden, 397-399,
note; other early cases, 399; con-
flict in Ohio, 399, 400; in Georgia,
399, 400; discussion in Federal con-
vention, 400; Federal Circuit Court
opinions, 401, 402; decisions of Su-
preme Court, 402, note; resolutions
of States, 402, 403; list of State
acts declared unconstitutional, 412,
note, 413, note.

Unions. Labor, 86.

United States Literary Gazette, The.
Contributors to, 303.
United States, The.

Action concern-
ing the slave-trade, 13-18; recog-
nized independence of Spanish col-
onies, 41-42; asked to join in a
declaration as to Spanish colonies,

Van Buren, Martin, 64, 70, 71; oppo-
sition to Panama Congress, 442; ne-
gotiations with Mexico for purchase
of Texas, 461-463; appointed Sec-
retary of State, 520, 521; instruc-
tions to Poinsett, 542, 543; reviews
hostility of Mexico, letter to But-
ler, 549-551; early life, 386, 387;
views on suffrage, 387.

Vermont. Manhood suffrage, 377,
379.

Verona. Congress of Holy Allies, 43.
Veto. Monroe vetoes internal im-
provement bill, 149.
Veto power.

In early State constitu-
tions, 377, 378; in new constitu-
tions, 1810-20, 380, note, 388.
Victoria, 12.

Vienna. Congress of Holy Allies, 43.
Virginia. Franchise law in, 392, 393;
constitution of, amended, 1829, 393;
on congressional caucus, 61-63;
electoral ticket, 69; opposition to
suits against States, 402; resolu-
tlons of, replying to Pennsylvania,
406; resolutions of, denying juris-
diction of Supreme Court, 414;
resolutions, cited by Calhoun, 266;
doctrine asserted by. 402, 403; new
resolutions, 1810, 406; Governor
Trumbull of Connecticut repeats,
407; Ohio approves the, 413; schools
In, Jefferson's plan for, 366; failure
of legislation for, 366; Stamp Act
declared unconstitutional in, 394,

395; powers of the judiciary, 396,
397, note.

Vote. The electoral, in 1824, 76;
popular vote, 1824, 75; vote of
House of Representatives, 81; Anti-
masonic, in New York, 120; election
of 1828, popular, 517, 518, note;
electoral, 519, 520, note.

Vote, Viva-voce. Virginia, 393.

Wages, 85, 121; of women, 122.
Walsh, Robert. Reply to British
criticism, 326-328; answer of the
Edinburgh Review, 326-331; de-
fence of the North American Re-
view, 331; controversy continued,
332-337.

Walton, Elisha, 395–396.
Washington, Bushrod, 305.
Washington, George. Extract from
Farewell Address on our relations
with Europe, 29; Life of, by Mar-
shall, 293, 284, note; Writings of,
collected by Sparks, 305, 306; evo-
lution of the presidency under, 422,

423.
Watchman, The. Established, 274.
Waters, Mrs., 405-406.

Webster, Daniel. Advocates prop-
erty qualification, 388-390; speech
on Panama Congress, 451, 457-459;
speech on the tariff bill of 1824,
237-240.

Webster, Noah. Text-books by, 346.
Wells, Gideon. Delegate to Harris-
burg Convention, 250.

Western Reserve, The. Connecticut
school fund and, 349-351.

West Indian Islands. Fears of Amer-
ica relative to Cuba and Porto Rico,
434-437; Adams announces our at-
titude toward, to Europe, 437-440;
French fleet off Cuba, 439; United
States protests, 440; proposed lib-
eration of slaves in, 443; opposition
of Pro-slavery party to, 445-449;
trade relations with British islands,
483-487.

White House. Scenes at Jackson's
inauguration, 524-525.

White, Senator. Speech in opposi-
tion to Panama Congress, 444, 445,
447.
Whitney, Ell. Invention of, its effect
on cotton crop,
227.
Wild-cat banking, 160-161; effects of
it, 162.

William and Mary College, Virginia,
366.

William, King Frederick, of Prussia,
31; promises constitution to, 35.
Williams, Ezekiel. Labor candidate,
108.

Wirt, William, Attorney-General.
Opinion on South Carolina Negro
Seaman Act, 203; appointed Attor-
ney-General, 433.

Women, Books for. Character and
titles, 277, 278; wages of, 122; con-
dition of, in cities, 122.
Women's magazines, 275, note.
Wool. Pennsylvania farmers favor
further protection of, 1827, 245,
246; call for Harrisburg Conven-
tion, 246, 247: recommendation of
Convention, 250, 251.

Wool-growers. Call of Pennsylvania,
for a convention, 1827, 245, 246; ad-

dress and call for Harrisburg Con-
vention, 1827, 246, 247.
Woollen industry. In New England
and Middle States, 229, 230; favors
protective tariff, 232; effect of act
of 1824 upon, 240, 247; home and
English competition, 240; depres-
sion of, 1826, 240-242; increased
protection sought, 241, 242, 245-
247; recommendation of Harrisburg
"Workeyism," 107-109.

Working day. Length of, 84, 85;
strikes to shorten, 84.
Working-men. Condition of, 83, 84,

85; strikes and lockouts, 84; at-
tempts to improve their condition,
86; llen laws, 86; enter politics, 86-
87; demand free schools, 87; Free
Enquirers take up their cause, 88;
Frances Wright, 97; Free Enquirer
founded, 99; Working-man's party
in New York city, 99; platform,
100; the Working-man's Advocate,
100-101; Russell Comstock, 101-
102; success of the Working-men's
ticket at New York, 102; excitement
over it, 102-103; trade associa-
tions disavow connection with it,
103-104; a Working-man's ticket at

577

Philadelphia, 104-105; labor parties
in New York city and State, 106-
108; "Workeyism," 107; convention
at Salina, 107; North American
Clay Working-men ticket, 108.
Wright, Frances, 97; founds Nashoba,
97-98; her lectures, 98-99; "Fanny
Wright Societies," 99; the Free En-
quirer, 99; takes up the cause of
the Working-men, 99-100; "Infidel
ticket" at New York city, 102-103;
trades in New York disavow her
principles, 103-104; and in Phila-
delphia, 104-105; spread of the Free
Enquirers, 105-106.

Wright, John C., Representative.
Delegate to Harrisburg Convention,

250.

(20)