THE NEW BISMARCK STATUE AT BERLIN.

was shown Queen Wilhelmina and her German husband last month on the occasion of their visit to Berlin, The most explicit denials have been officially made in Germany of the rumors about the proposed purchase of Margarita Island from Venezuela. It is declared that Germany is under no temptation whatever to seek an acquisition that would arouse antagonism in the United States; nor has Germany, it is added, any use for an island in those waters. On June 16, the great Reinhold statue of Bismarck, which has been placed in front of the Reichstag building in Berlin, was unveiled in presence of the Emperor and Empress and a vast and imposing array of notabilities and visiting delegates. A very eloquent address was delivered by Chancellor von Bülow. The statue represents Bismarck in military dress, helmeted and stern. While bountiful harvests are general throughout the United States, serious crop failures are reported in Prussia, and the government departments have been ordered to provide state aid in one way and another.

The spirit of France is illustrated in French Topics the fact that a greater popular interof the Month. est was aroused by the election last month of two Immortals to fill vacancies in the Academy than by any current events of a political, industrial, or financial nature, although there were many passing public topics of a considerable

degree of importance. One of the places in the Academy that had to be filled was that of the late Duc de Broglie; and the Marquis de Vogüé, though obliged to make a hard fight, was chosen after a number of ballots. The public was most concerned, however, with the contest for the remaining seat, the leading candidate being the popular young poet, M. Edmond Rostand, whose "Cyrano de Bergerac" had made him widely known throughout the world. Against him was pitted the serious historian, Frederic Masson. The situation was deadlocked until M. Paul Deschanel, the most fastidious and popular of all the younger school of French scholars in politics, had to leave the Academy to take his place as presiding officer of the Chamber of Deputies. He was persistently against Rostand. M. de Freycinet, to break the deadlock, changed his vote, and the young poet was successful, to the great joy of Madame Bernhardt and the Parisian public. The general parliamentary elections of France do not come off until May of next year, but every sign points to a determined struggle. The monarchical parties are dead, and the most significant phenomenon is the rapid rise of the Radicals and Socialists as against the Moderate Republicans. Domestic questions, rather than foreign, are engrossing the French mind. anti-Semitic leader Drumont has been expelled from the Chamber of Deputies; and mutual accusations of the other leaders of the so-called Nationalist movement have brought to light much that has tended to the discredit of that dangerous menace to the republic.

A Daughter

The

On June 1 there occurred the birth to the House of the first child of the young King of Savoy. of Italy. The arrival of a daughter instead of a son was a keen disappointment, chiefly because the Salic law excludes all women from succession to the throne. The young son of the Duke of Aosta, cousin of the King, thus remains heir presumptive for the present. In spite of the large and constant immigration from Italy, the population of the peninsula continues to increase substantially. The statistics of the recent census give the total population as 32,449,754. The last census was taken twenty years ago, and disclosed a total of 28,460,000. Italy, like most other European countries, especially France, Spain, and Russia, has been the scene of protracted and very disturbing labor strikes, with riotous accompaniments.

had been ardently hoped for, and Dr. Schenck's theories are again discredited. Little Anastasia will not be neglected, however, and will doubtless be as carefully and wisely reared and taught as her sisters, who are: Olga, now six years old; Tatiana, now four, and Marie, aged two years. The Grand Duke Michael, the Czar's brother, is still the heir apparent. It is a pity that Salic laws should stand in the way of the accession of women to several European thrones, for they make quite as useful sovereigns as men ; and there ought not to be any ground for unhappiness over the birth of royal daughters. England's experience is in everybody's memory, and Holland would not exchange Wilhelmina for a veritable paragon of the other sex. The Queen Regent of Spain is a better ruler than any of her Peninsular statesmen, and it is to be regretted that she is so soon to retire. New Spanish elections have been held, the Ministerialists winning by a considerable majority. On the 11th of June the Queen Regent opened the Cortes for the last time, inasmuch as the young King will have attained the legal age of sixteen next year, and the

regency will terminate. It is reported, by the way, that he witnessed his first bull fight on a certain Sunday last month. Speaking of disappointments in the matter of royal heirs, the one that has made the most extraordinary sensation pertains to the unhappy reigning house of Servia. The accompanying cartoon from a German paper shows the woe-begone face of King Alexander as he turns his back on the paraphernalia that had been provided for the expected son and heir. It is reported that an arrangement has been made between this same King Alexander of Servia and the Russian Government by which Russia is to resume the overshadowing influence of twenty years ago. Ever since the Russo-Turkish War, there has been intense and incessant rivalry between Austro-Hungary and Russia for the vir tual domination of the Balkan states.

Mr. Carnegie's bestowal of $10,000Mr. Carnegie's 000, announced in our issue of last Scotch Gift. month, upon the four Scottish universities is the largest outright and completed gift to education ever made by any individual. Mr. Rockefeller's successive gifts to the University of Chicago-that institution having just now celebrated its tenth anniversary with great éclat have now amounted in less than a dozen years to about as great a total; and statements made by Mr. Rockefeller himself last month made it clear that his giving is not at an end. But the Scotch universities were poor, and they were in danger of falling far behind the new standards of university life and work. As finally arranged after much discussion, the proceeds of Mr. Carnegie's gift, which will be $500,000 a year, will be divided into two parts, one of which, according to the deed of gift itself, is to be applied as follows:

One-half of the net annual income is to be applied toward the improvement and expansion of the universities of Scotland in the faculties of science and medicine, also for improving and extending the opportunities for scientific research and for increasing the facilities for acquiring a knowledge of history, economics, English literature, and modern languages, and such other subjects cognate to a technical or commercial education as can be brought within the scope of the university curriculum; by the erection of buildings, laboratories, class-rooms, museums, or libraries, the providing of efficient apparatus, books, and equipment, the institution and endowment of professorships and lectureships, including post-graduate lectureships, and scholarships-more especially scholarships for the purpose of encouraging research in any one or more of the subjects before named, or in such other manner as the committee may from time to time decide.

It was at first Mr. Carnegie's idea to use his endowment for the sake of making tuition free

to all Scotch students in the universities. This idea was greatly modified, however, and it is now arranged that the universities will continue to charge such tuition fees as they like, but that the trustees of the Carnegie fund will pay the whole or a part of the tuition of such deserving students as may thus be enabled to obtain a higher education. The trustees have the right also in their discretion to use a part of this second half of the fund to promote university-extension lectures, and other educational objects.

Ira Remsen had been at the head of the department of chemistry ever since the university was opened, and in absences of Dr. Gilman on various occasions he had served as acting president. Dr. Rowland, whose death we noted last month, and Professor Gildersleeve, like Dr. Remsen, had been associated with President Gilman for a quarter of a century in the brilliant work of creating the most widely famed of all American universities. Although even then a distinguished specialist and professor, Dr. Remsen was only thirty years of age when he organized the department of chemistry at Baltimore, and his reputation at home and abroad has steadily grown. He is still in his prime at fifty-five. As we have said more than once before, there is no one institution for higher education in this country where at the present time a large increase of endowment would be so pro

ductive of results. Post-graduate study and research literally began in this country at the Johns Hopkins University; and what has been done elsewhere has been chiefly owing to the initiative and leadership of that institution.

President Dabney of the University The Washington Memorial of Tennessee, in speaking of the Institution. Washington Memorial Institution last month, assured us that in his opinion it would be a greater educational agency ten years hence than the University of Berlin. Dr. Dabney was jubilant, and was expressing his enthusiasm rather than attempting exact forecasts. Yet he would be ready, doubtless, to make a serious defense of his prediction. Elsewhere in this number, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia University, has at our request explained to our readers just what the Washington Memorial Institution is designed to do. It was a happy coincidence that as President Gilman was retiring from a meeting of the board of directors of the Johns Hopkins University, in which he had been participating in the choice of his successor, he was met by a committee of the trustees of the new Washington Memorial Institution, whose object it was to inform him that he had been unanimously chosen as the man to initiate and direct its work. The new institution will be under the auspices of the leading universities and higher technical schools of the country, with the active aid and participation of all the departments and bureaus at Washington, including not only the scientific and technical establishments and agencies of the Government, but also great institutions

THE COLLEGE GRADUATE OF 1901: The world is mine!" From the North American (Philadelphia).

like the Congressional Library, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Museum. It will enroll hundreds of students in the coming year, and thousands in the near future. The plan, as finally worked out, has come quite as much from experienced heads of the Government's scientific work as from the university leaders outside. The advisory board will include the President and Cabinet, and other high officials. President Gilman is to be congratulated upon the great national opportunity for usefulness that lies before him.

Other

Notes.

The

Apart from the organization of the Educational Washington Memorial Institution, the most significant new undertaking in the educational world is perhaps the founding of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. This enterprise is not to be carried on in rivalry with existing medical colleges, but is to coöperate with them all in the field of special and extended investigation. Its headquarters will be in New York, but the president of the board of directors is at present Dr. William H. Welch, of the Johns Hopkins University, of Baltimore, the secretary being Dr. L. Emmett Holt, of New York. other members of the board are men of like prominence in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. Mr. Rockefeller has advanced $200,000 for immediate or early expenditure, with more to come. President Schurman announced at Cornell on June 19 that Mr. Rockefeller had offered that university a gift of a quarter of a million dollars on condition that an equal amount should be subscribed by others. Brown University has received the equivalent of more than a million in the form of the famous John Carter Brown Library, with money for building and endowment. Many smaller gifts to various universities and institutions have been announced from the commencement platforms. The Rev. Dr. Richard D. Harlan, of Rochester, N. Y., has accepted the presidency of Lake Forest University, near Chicago. He is one of the sons of Justice Harlan of the Supreme Court. The principal colleges for women are showing exceptional growth, and the graduating class at Smith College numbered 254, which is the largest class ever graduated from any woman's college. Vassar's largest class, numbering 142, also graduated last month. American colleges and universities were never before in such close relation to the practical life of the country, and the great army of new graduates will find plenty of good work to do, and will be the better fitted for that work, as well as for all the opportunities, duties, and pleasures of life, by reason of the superior educational advantages that they have enjoyed.

lish literary men, Sir Walter Besant and Robert W. Buchanan, passed away early in June. Each of these writers had visited the United States, but the American public is probably more familiar with the work of Sir Walter Besant, especially his famous story, All Sorts and Conditions of Men," than with the poems and criticisms of Mr. Buchanan. In recent years, Sir Walter had been more actively occupied with his great work of studying and recording the history of London, section by section, than in the writing of fiction. On the day when the Bismarck statue was being unveiled occurred the funeral of Count William von Bismarck, the second son of the Iron Chancellor, in the fiftieth year of his age. The Rev. Dr. Joseph F. Tuttle, who died at Crawfordsville, Ind., in his eighty-third year, had in his day been one of the most influential and useful educators of the Mississippi Valley, and was for thirty years

THE LATE EX-GOVERNOR PINGREE, OF MICHIGAN.

Mr.

only recently retired from official station. Pingree was born and grew up in Maine, and served through the Civil War, after which he removed to the West and made his home in Detroit. For a time he worked at his trade in a shoe factory, and soon became a shoe manufacturer on his own account, building up a very large business. As a man of rugged energy and great independence of character, his entry into politics as a candidate for the mayoralty of Detroit marked an era in the history of the State. He served four successive terms as mayor and two as governor, and, quite apart from specific achievements, he lifted public life out of mere party ruts and gave a forcible example of the influence that a successful business man may wield in public office. Ex-Representative Boutelle, of Maine, had been for several years incapacitated by illness for service in Congress, and, in fact, had never taken his seat in the Fifty-seventh Congress, to which he had been elected. Mr. Boutelle's record at Washington had been a long and honorable one. Mr. Edward Moran, the artist, and Mr. James A. Herne, the actor and playwright, had won distinction in their respective professions, and were still in active life. Two well-known Eng

THE LATE SIR WALTER BESANT.

president of Wabash College. The Hon. Hiram Price, of Iowa, who lived to be eighty-seven years old, and who had served many years in Congress and as a commissioner of Indian affairs, was au excellent type of the useful citizen and honorable man of affairs.