ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. 1. Microscope 2. Box for imbedding tissues 3. Laboratory microtome 4. Sliding microtome of Jung 5. Apparatus for cutting tissues frozen by carbon dioxid 6. Movements in honing. 7. Diagram of cell (Huber) 8. Cylindric ciliated cells from the primitive kidney of Petromyzon planeri . 9-19. Processes of mitotic cell- and nuclear division 20-27. Mitotic cell-division of fertilized whitefish eggs (Huber) 28. Mitotic division of cells in testis of salamander (Benda and Guenther) 29-34. Process of fertilization (Boveri) 35. Pigment cell from the skin of the head of a pike 36. Isolated cells of squamous epithelium (Huber) 71 76 37. Surface view of squamous epithelium from skin of a frog 38. Simple columnar epithelium from the small intestine of man (Huber) 39. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 40. Stratified pavement epithelium 41. Cross-section of stratified squamous epithelium from esophagus of man (Huber) 42. Isolated transitional epithelial cells from bladder of man (Huber) 76 77 77 78 78 79 43. Cross-section of transitional epithelium from the bladder of a young child (Huber) 44. Stratified columnar epithelium 79 45. Ciliated cells from bronchus of dog 80 80 46. Cross-section of stratified ciliated columnar epithelium from trachea of rabbit (Huber) 80 47. Goblet cells from bronchus of dog 48. Simple tubular glands 81 82 49. Excretory ducts and lumina of the secretory portion of a compound tubular gland 50. Lumina of the secreting portion of a reticulated tubular gland 55. Mesothelium covering posterior abdominal wall of frog (Huber) 59. Elastic fibers from ligamentum nuchæ of ox 53. Mesothelium from mesentery of rabbit (Huber) 54. Mesothelium from peritoneum of frog. 56. Endothelial cells from small artery of mesentery of rabbit (Huber) 57. Mesenchymatous tissue from the subcutis of a duck embryo. 58. White fibrils and bundles from teased preparation of a fresh tendon from tail of rat (Huber). 60. Reticular connective tissue from lymph-gland of man 61. Areolar connective tissue from subcutaneous tissue of rat (Huber) 86 86 86 86 89 91 91 93 94 62. Cell-spaces in the ground-substance of areolar connective tissue of young rat (Huber) 94 63. Connective-tissue cells from pia mater of dog (Huber) 94 64. Pigment cells found on the capsule of sympathetic ganglion of frog (Huber) 65. Leucocyte of frog with pseudopodia. 68. Cross-section of secondary tendon bundle from tail of rat (Huber) 69. Tendon cells from tail of rat (Huber) 70. Cross-section of ligamentum nucha of ox (Huber) 71. Fat-cell 97 98 98 99 FIG. 72. Hyaline cartilage 73. Section through cranial cartilage of squid 74. Insertion of the ligamentum teres into the head of the femur 75. Elastic cartilage from external ear of man 76. Longitudinal section through a lamellar system (v. Ebner) 77, 78. Lamellæ seen from the surface (v. Ebner) 79. Segment of a transversely ground section from the shaft of a long bone, showing lamellar system 80. Portion of a transversely ground disc from the shaft of a human femur 81. Longitudinal section through a long bone of a lizard embryo 82. Longitudinal section of the proximal end of a long bone of a sheep embryo. 83. Longitudinal section through area of ossification from long bone of human embryo (Huber) 84. Longitudinal section through epiphysis of arm bone of sheep embryo 85. Section through the lower jaw of an embryo sheep 86. Cross-section of developing bone from leg of human embryo, showing endochondral and intramembranous bone development (Huber) 87. Cross-section of shaft (tibia of sheep) 88. Smooth muscle from intestine of cat. 89. Cross-section of striated muscle-fibers 90. Muscle-fiber from ocular muscles of rabbit 91. Striated muscle-fiber of frog, showing sarcolemma (Huber) 92. Diagram of structure of fibrils of a striated muscle-fiber (Huber) 93. Transverse section through striated muscle-fiber of rabbit 94. Diagram of transverse striation in the muscle of an arthropod 95. Striated muscle fiber of man 96. Cross-section through the trapezius muscle of man I 24 125 125 125 125 126 127 128 128 129 130 130 131 102. Bipolar ganglion cell from the ganglion acusticum of a teleost 135 104. Nerve-cell from the anterior horn of the spinal cord of an ox 136 136 105. Motor neurones from anterior horn of the spinal cord of new-born cat (Huber). 137 106. A nerve-cell with branched dendrites (Purkinje's cell), from cerebellar cortex of rabbit 137 107. Pyramidal cell from cerebral cortex of man 138 108. Nerve-cell with dendrites ending in claw-like telodendria 139 109. Ganglion cell with a T-shaped process 139 110. Ganglion cell from Gasserian ganglion of rabbit (Huber) 140 III. Ganglion cells from spinal ganglion of rabbit embryo 140 112. Neurone from inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion of rabbit (Huber) 113. Longitudinal section of nerve fiber 117. Diagram to show composition of a peripheral nerve-trunk (Huber) 118. Cross-section through a peripheral nerve 146 146 119. Peripheral motor neurone (Huber) 148 120. Motor nerve-ending in voluntary muscle of rabbit (Huber-De Witt) 121-125. Motor endings in striated voluntary muscles 149 150 126. Motor nerve-ending in striated voluntary muscle of frog (Huber-De Witt) 127. Motor nerve-ending on heart muscle-cells of cat (Huber-De Witt). 151 151 128. Motor nerve-ending on involuntary nonstriated muscle-cell from intestine of cat (Huber-De Witt) 151 129. Peripheral sensory neurone (Huber) 152 130. Termination of sensory nerve-fibers in the mucosa and epithelium of urethra of cat (Huber) 153 131. End-bulb of Krause from conjunctiva of man (Dogiel) 154 132. Meissner's tactile corpuscle (Dogiel) 155 133. Genital corpuscle from glans penis of man (Dogiel) 156 FIG. 134. Cylindric end-bulb of Krause from intermuscular fibrous tissue septum of cat (Huber) 135. Pacinian corpuscles from mesorectum of kitten (Sala) 136. Corpuscle of Herbst from bill of duck 137. Intrafusal muscle-fiber from neuromuscular nerve end-organ of rabbit (Huber) 138. Cross-section of a neuromuscular nerve end-organ from interosseous muscle of man (Huber) . . . PAGE 157 158 159 160 160 161 139. Neuromuscular nerve end-organ from plantar muscles of dog (Huber-De Witt) 162 163 165 143. Medullated nerve-fiber from sciatic nerve of frog 165 144. Ganglion cell from anterior horn of spinal cord of calf 166 145. Human red blood-cells 170 146. Rouleau formation of human erythrocytes 170 147. Hemin, or Teichmann's crystals, from blood stains on a cloth (Huber) 148. Crenated human red blood-cells 170 170 149. Red blood-corpuscles subjected to the action of water 170 150. Red blood-corpuscles from various vertebrate animals 171 151. White blood-corpuscles from normal blood of man 173 152. Ehrlich's leucocytic granules . . 153. Solitary lymph-nodule from human colon 154. Section through mesenteric lymph-gland of cat, with injected blood-vessels 155. Section from human lymph-gland. 158. Cells containing pigment, blood-corpuscles, and hemic masses from spleen of dog. 162. Small lobule from thymus of child, with well-developed cortex 189 163. Hassall's corpuscle and a small portion of medullary substance from thymus of child ten days old (Huber) 189 164. Cross-section of human carotid artery 194 165. Section through human artery, one of the smaller of the medium-sized 166. Precapillary vessels from mesentery of cat (Huber) 169. Endothelial cells of capillary and precapillary from mesentery of rabbit (Huber) 198 170. Small artery from oral submucosa of cat with nerve-terminations 171. Section of a cell-ball from glomus caroticum of man 174. Longitudinal section through a human tooth, showing lines of Retzius 175. Portion of ground tooth from man, showing enamel and dentin 214 215 176. Longitudinal section through human molar from the center of the enamel layer 216 177. Cross-section of human tooth, showing cement and dentin 217 178. Nerve termination in pulp of rabbit's molar (Huber) 218 179-182. Four stages in the development of tooth in sheep embryo. 219 183. Portion of cross-section through developing tooth 220 184. Fungiform papilla from human tongue (Huber) 221 185. Cross-section of human tongue showing filiform papillæ 222 186. Longitudinal section of foliate papilla of rabbit, showing taste-buds (Huber) 192. Section through salivary gland of rabbit, with injected blood-vessels 193. Section from parotid gland of man 197. Section of human esophagus, showing duct of mucous gland 235 FIG. 198. Epithelium of human stomach, covering fold of mucosa between two gastric crypts. 199. Vertical section through fundus of human stomach 200. Gastric glands from fundus of stomach of young dog (Huber) 201. Section through junction of human esophagus and cardia . 202. Vertical section through human pylorus 239 240 205. Section through fundus of human stomach during digestion. 206. Section through mucous membrane of human small intestine 203. Section through human pylorus. 204. Section through fundus of human stomach in condition of hunger 207. Longitudinal section through summit of villus from human small intestine 209. Section of solitary lymph-nodule from vermiform appendix of guinea-pig 241 242 242 244 245 247 248 249 250 212. Section through fundus of injected cat's stomach 213. Schematic transverse section of human small intestine (Mall) 214. Portion of the plexus of Auerbach from stomach of cat (Huber) 251 253 254 218, 219. Human bile capillaries 220. Diagram of hepatic cord in transverse section 215. Section of esophagus of cat showing nerve-terminations (Huber) 221. Section through the human liver, showing the beginning of bile-ducts 222. Injected blood-vessels in liver lobule of rabbit 255 257 258 259 260 260 261 223. Reticulum of dog's liver 262 224. Connective tissue from liver of sturgeon, showing reticulum 263 225. Section through liver lobule from dog, showing stellate cells 229. Relation of three adjoining alveoli to excretory duct, illustrating origin of centro-acinal cells 268 230. Section of human pancreas, showing gland alveoli surrounding an area of Langerhans (Huber) 268 231. Vertical section through mucous membrane of human larynx 232. Longitudinal section of human trachea (Huber) 275 277 233. Transverse section through human bronchus 278 239. Section of human lung, showing elastic fibers (Huber) 234, 235. Sections of cat's lungs 236. Internal surface of human respiratory bronchiole (Kölliker) 238. Respiratory epithelium in amphibia . 240. Section through injected rabbit's lung 241. Section through thyroid gland of child 242. Section from parathyroid of man (Huber) 243. Kidney of new-born infant 244. Isolated uriniferous tubules 245. Median longitudinal section of adult human kidney 279 280 237. Inner surface of human alveolus, showing respiratory epithelium (Kölliker) 246. Section of cortical substance of human kidney 290 247. Section of proximal convoluted tubules from man 291 248. Epithelium from proximal convoluted tubule of guinea-pig, with surface and lateral views. 292 249. Cortical portion of longitudinal section of kidney of child (Huber) 253. Diagrammatic scheme of uriniferous tubules and blood-vessels of kidney 297 254. Direct anastomosis between an artery and vein in a column of Bertini of child 298 255. Section of lower part of human ureter 300 256. Section of suprarenal cortex of dog 302 257. Arrangement of intrinsic blood-vessels in cortex and medulla of dog's adrenal (Flint) |