ilis and alcohol was in their systems, and six months ago one of them died after repeated strokes of paralysis, and the other two are in wretched shape. The two brothers who have always lead regular lives are well and strong today, and at sixty-five far surpass their brothers, although naturally they were as boys not so vigorous in physique. there five men scarcely realized this truth, and the recent death of one brother after years of sobriety and care is regarded as a mysterious dispensation of providence.

.

Yet

This is a tremendously wide field, and I believe the way to attack it is by systematic education in our schools and colleges. If the alcoholic realizes that he is poisoning himself as definitely as mathematics can show, it is possible to instill efforts for reform. So with syphilis; let us reach our young men that playing with fire must mean serious burns that in later years will develop into fatal sores, let them know it before they become syphilitics.

We have today too much care for the diseased condition, and too little attention to the healthy organism.

I believe that certain methods of life will retard or prevent arterio-sclerosis. The nearer we approach the normal simple life, the longer will our arteries last. Vigorous outdoor work is a sine qua non, for which reason golf and tennis are God given games, for they get men into the open and create a desire for fresh air and innocent amusements. The opponents of such ideas will say: look at the men who get plenty of outdoor exercise and fresh air, such as farmers, expressmen and day laborers, are they especially exempt from this disease? This is dodging the issue; a man can work unhealthfully on a farm, or he can lift undue weights all day, or he can supply his pleas. ures, as the day laborer is apt to do, by drinking at the nearest saloon, but that is not the problem.

Educate the children of today that temperance in all things is essential to longevity and usefulness, and we have started a great fight against humanity's bitterest foe. Would that some Osler or Senn would write us a book on the simple life from the medical aspect of the case. It would increase the value and happiness of human life many hundred per cent.

PREVENTIVE CIRCULARS.-The faculty of the Budapest University has offered three prizes of $20 to $60 for the best article written in a popular style, designed to enlighten youth in regard to the nature, the consequences and the prophylaxis of venereal dis.

eases.

LITERATURE ON CANCER.

CARL E. BLACK, M. D.

JACKSONVILLE, ILL.

THE following references are from the recent literature on cancer, and we hope will be useful to our readers who are interested in looking up this subject. They are arranged by years in order to show the progress of thought and discussion.

1888.

A Clinical Study of Carcinoma of the Breast and Its Treatment. By Samuel W. Gross, M.D., A.J. of M.S., Vol. 95, p. 219, March.

A Clinical Study of Carcinoma of the Breast, and its Treatment. By Samuel W. Gross, M.D., A.J. of M.S., Vol. 95, p. 341, April.

Some Remarks on Tongue Cancer, and the Chief Operations for its Removal. By W. H. A. Jacobson, A.J. of M.S., Vol. 96, p. 232, September.

By B. Far

Early Stages of Carcinoma. quhar Curtis, Med. Rec., Vol. 33, p. 605,

June.

Unusual Case of Cancer. By T.H.Squire, Med. Rec., Vol. 33, p. 327, March 24th.

1889.

Apparent Cancerous Transformation of Syphiloma of the Tongue-Excision of the Tongue by the Galvano Cautery. By G. Frank Lydston, Med. Rec., Vol. 36, p. 456, October 26th.

A Case of Modified Laryngectomy for Epithelioma of the Larynx: Recovery. By George R. Fowler, M.D., A.J. of M.S., Vol. 98, p. 366, October.

The Early Recognition of Cancer of the Cervix Uteri. By Henry C. Coe, Med. Rec., Vol. 35, p. 149, February 9th.

1890.

Malignant Disease of the Corporeal Endometrium. By Henry C. Coe., Med. Rec., Vol. 37, p. 369, April 5th.

A Study of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Stomach. By John S. Ely, M. D., A.J. of M.S., Vol. 99, p. 584, June.

Suppurating Endothelioma- Myofibroma in a Condition of Necroblosis, etc. By Mary A. Dixon Jones, Med. Rec., Vol. 38, p. 262, September 6th.

1891.

The Treatment of Inoperable Malignant. Growths by the Aniline Dyes. By Willy Meyer, M. D., Med. Rec., Vol. 39, p. 301, March 7th.

Notes on the Effect of the Ainline Dyes, especially the Blue Pyoktanin in the Treatment of Inoperable Malignant Growths. By Willy Meyer, M. D., Med. Rec., Vol. 39, p. 473, April 25th.

Methyl Blue in Malignant Inoperable Growths. By Max Einhoin, M. D., Med. Rec., Vol. 39, p. 358. March 21st..

Cancer of the Cervix Uteri with Coexisting Pregnancy-Vaginal Hysterectomy-Recovery. By Wallace Faylor, M.D., Med. Rec., Vol. 89, p. 259, February 28th.

Pork Eating and Cancer. By Wiillam S. Dodd, M.D., Med. Rec., Vol. 89, p. 246, February 21st.

1892.

A Case of Malignant Tumor of the Femur in a Boy Aged Thirteen Years, occurring in the Practice of E. J. Smith. By F. Overholt, Med. Rec., Vol. 42, p. 44, July 9th.

Vaginal Hysterectomy for the Relief of Malignant Disease. Bv Alex. J. C. Skene, Med. Rec., Vol. 42, p. 30, July 9th.

The Limitations for Vaginal Hysterectomy in Malignant Diseases of the Uterus. By J. E. Janvrin, Med. Rec., Vol. 42, p. 29, July 9th. Carcinoma of the Larynx. Am. J. Med. S., November.

Carcinoma

and Endothelioma of the Ovary. Am. J.M.S., November.

The Caustic Treatment of Cancer. By Daniel Lewis, Med. Rec., Vol. 41, p. 175, February 13th.

Malignant Noma. By A.H.Hubbard, Med. Rec., Vol. 41, p. 37, January 9th.

A Contribution to the Treament of Malig. nant Growths. By Joseph Drzewiecki, Med. Rec., Vol. 41, p. 91, January 23d.

Recurrence of Carcinoma of the Breast. By Frederic S. Dennis, Med. Rec., Vol. 41, p. 225, February 27th.

Operation for Carcinoma of the Rectum. Am. J.M.S., November.

Disseminated Lenticular Cancer of the Skin-Cancer en Cuirasse." By James Nevins Hyde, Am. J. of Med. Sci., p. 235, Vol. 103, March.

Cancerous Degeneration of Uterine Fi broma-myoma. Am. J. M.S., March. Treatment of Cancer of the Portio. Am. J.M.S., March.

Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms. Am. J.M.S., March.

Primary Carcinoma of Choledsock Duct. Am. J. M.S., March.

Parasitic Protozoa in Cancerous Tumors. Am. J. M.S., March.

1894.

The Cure of Cancer by Operation. By B. Farquhar Curtis, New York, Med. Rec., p. 225, Vol. 45, February 24th.

The Early Diagnosis and Practical Surgery of Cancer Am. J. of Med. Sci., p. 245, Vol. 107, March.

Protozoa and Carcinoma. Am. J. of Med. Sci., p. 63, Vol. 107, January.

The Cure of Carcinoma of the Breast by Radical Operation. By William T. Bull, Med. Rec., p. 225, Vol. 46, August 25th.

An Improved Method of the Radical Operation for Carcinoma of the Breast. By Willy Meyer, Med. Rec., Vol. 46, p. 746, December 15th.

1895.

Primary Carcinoma of the Head of the Pancreas, with Hom-glass Contraction of the Stomach, Simulating, during life, Pyloric Stenosis. By D. J. Milton Miller, Med. Rec., Vol. 48, p. 301, August 31st.

The Curability of Cancer when the Lymphnodes are involved. By B. F. Curtis, Med. Rec., Vol. 47, p. 193, February 16th.

The Early Diagnosis of Cancer of the Stomach. By Morris Manges, Med. Rec., Vol. 47, p. 518, April 27th.

Blue Pyoktamin in the Treatment of Inoperable Malignant Growths. Henry R. Slack, J.A.M.A., Vol. 28, p. 1227, June 26th.

The Change of Life and the Diagnosis of Carcinoma Uteri. Edward J. Ill, Med. Rec., Vol 52, p. 509, October 9th.

The Destiny of Vaginal Hysterectomy for Malignant Disease. C. Lester Hall, J.A. M. A., Vol. 29, p. 1137, December 4.

A Case of Secondary Cancer Invading the Liver, Sternum and Vertebrae with a Growth in the Spinal Canal causing Paralysis from Pressure. B. C. Loveland, Med. Rec., Vol. 52, p. 120, January 23d.

The Latest Methods of Treatng Carcinoma by Hypodermic. Edmund Andrews, J. A. M. A., Vol. 28, p. 1159, June 19th.

Is Pain a Valuable Sign in Diagnosis of Cancer in Diagnosis Cancer of the Breast? Charles N. Dowd, Med. Rec., Vol. 52 p. 181, August 7th.

Cholecystenterostomy for Malignant _Disease, with Unexpected Restoration of Function. F.H. Peck, Med. Rec., Vol. 51, p. 531, April 10th.

The Treatment of Cancer by a New Method, vis. the Electrical Diffusion of Nascent Oxychlorides of Mercury and Zinc. G. Betton Massey, Med. Rec., Vol. 52, p. 150, July 31. Cancer of Stomach. J. W. Hairgrove, Trans. Morgan County Med. Soc., p. 10, November.

The Etiology and Classification of Tumors. Samuel H. Friend, J. A. M. A., Vol. 9, p. 940, November 6th.

1898.

Remarks upon the Surgical Treatment of Malignant Disease of the Larynx. D. Bryson Delavan, J. A. M. A., Vol. 30, p. 600, March 12th. Removal of the Epitheliomatous Tonsil, by the External Route (Pharyngotomy) with a report of Two Successful Cases. A.F.Jonas, J.A.M.A., Vol. 31, p. 337, August 13th. Primary Carcinoma of the Axilla. D. W. Graham, J.A.M.A., Vol. 31, p.445, August 27. Some Experiments on the Value of Carbid of Calcium in the Treatment of Cancer. By Emil Ries, J.A.M. A., Vol.31, p.1288, November 26th.

The Use of Animal Toxins in the Treatment of Inoperable Malignant Tumors. By George Ryerson Fowler, A.J. of M.S., Vol. 116, p. 161, August.

A Note on the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Uterus. J.H. Etheridge, J.A.M.A., Vol. 31, p. 63, July 9th.

Operative Treatment of Carcinoma Uteri. Franklin H. Martin, Trans. Ill. State Med. Soc., p. 359.

An Inquiry into the Etiology of Cancer. Roswell Park, A.J. of M. S., Vol.115, p.503, May.

Toxins of Erysipelas and Cancer. Wm. B. Coley, Med. Rec., Vol. 53, p. 537, April 9th.

A Plea for Earlier Recognition and Prompter Action in Malignant Disease. Joseph D.Bryant, Med. Rec., Vol. 54., p.793, December 3d.

Cancer of Liver, etc. F.M.Coppel, Jour. Morgan Co. Med. Soc., Vol. 1, p. 84, May. Chelidonium Majus in Inoperable Carcinoma. C.C. Hunt, Trans. Ill. State Med.Soc., p. 233.

1899.

The Submaxillary Part of the Operation for Epithelioma of the Lip. Chas. N. Dowd, Med. Rec., Vol. 56, p. 920, December 23d.

Multiple Primary Carcinoma. Alfred Scott Warthin, JA. M.A.., Vol. 32, p.963, May 6th.

Report of a Case of Lymphoedema and Cancer en Cuirasse, following Amputation of the Breast from Carcinoma. Edw. Bowe, Jour. Morgan Co. Med. Soc., Vol. 2, p.16, Septem ber.

Epithelioma as a Sequel of Psoriasis and the Probability of its Arsenieal Origin. M. B. Hartzell, A.J. of M.S., Vol. 118, p. 265, September.

Cancer Statistics. Lawrence Irwell, Med. Rec., Vol.56, p.501, September 30th.

Cataphoric Treatment of Cancer. G. Betton Massey, J.A.M.A., Vol. 33, p.626, September. Malignant Tumors of the Eye. Wm. H. Wilder, Chicago, Ill., Med. Jour., Vol. 49, p. 165, October.

Does the Removal of the Ovaries Exert Beneficial Influence on the Subsequent Progress of Malignant Diseases? E.E. Montgomery, J.A.M.A., Vol. 33, p. 751, September 23d.

Prophylaxis of Uterine Cancer. W. W. Grant, J.A.M.A., Vol. 33, p. 567, September 2. A Case of Resection of Bowel for Carcinoma. Carlos C. Booth, Med. Rec., Vol. 55, p. 561, April 22d.

Nature and Treatment of Cutaneous Cancer. A. Ragvoli, J.A.M.A., Vol. 33, p. 1264, November 18th.

The Pathology and Therapy of Cancer, with Special Reference to Cancer of the Stomach. A. C. Bernays, Phila. Med. Jour., Vol. 4. p. 1033, November 25th.

The Curability of Cancer. Nathan Jacobson, Med. Rec., Vol.55, p.269, February 25th.

Carcinoma of the Pancreas. W. P. Northrup and C.A. Herter, A.J. of M.S., Vol. 117, p. 131, February.

Edmund

Supposed Increase of Cancer. Andrews, J. A. M. A., Vol. 32, p. 1406, June 24th.

New Operation for Epithelioma of the Lip. W.W. Grant, Med. Rec., Vol. 55, p. 744, May 27th.

Some Recent Literature Regarding Cancer. Chas. H. Frazier, A. J. M.S., Vol. 117, p. 579, May.

A Cancerous Family. Hugo M. Smith, Med. Rec., Vol. 55, p. 298, February 25th.

Cancer of Cecum. Carl E. Black, Jour. Morgan Co. Med. Soc., Vol. 2, p. 20, February. 1900.

Excision of External Carotid for Inoperable Epithelioma of the Floor of the Mouth. Jos. A. Blake, Inter. Jour. Surgery, Vol. 13, p. 337, November.

Specimens of Malignant Growths Desired. Chas. E. Simon, Phila. Med. Jour., Vol. 6, p. 721, October 20th.

Treatment of Skin Cancers without Operation. Henry W. Stelwagon, J.A.M.A., Vol. 35, p.1547, December 15th.

The X-Rays in the Treatment of Carcinoma (concluded). By Wallace Johnson aud Walter H. Merrill, Phila. Med. Jour., Vol. 6, p.1138, December 15th.

The X-Rays in Treatment of Carcinoma. Wallace Johnson and Walter H. Merrill, Phila. Med. Jour., Vol. 6, p. 1089, December 8.

Epithelioma. Chas. J.Whalen, J. A. M.A., Vol. 35, p. 942, October 13th.

Abdominal vs. Vaginal Hysterectomy for Uterine Carcinoma, John B. Deaver, Jour. A.M.A., Vol. 34, p. 1657, June 30th.

Operation for Cancer of the Uterus. John Byrne, Med. Rec., Vol. 57, p. 1134, June 30th. (To be continued.)

OYSTERS NOT GUILTY.- Numerous scientists have claimed that oysters transmit various pathogenic germs. A French scientist now announces that this is all a mistake and that oysters may be eaten at any season of the year.

PATENT MEDICINE LAWS IN VENEZUELA. -It is reported that the Venezuelan government has adopted regulations whereby all medicines not duly authorized and approved by the board of physicians shall be excluded from the republic. Large quantities of patent medicines have been annually exported from the United States and from other countries to Venezuela, and need of some action to protect the people has been imperative.

TO INVESTIGATE YELLOW FEVER.--According to report, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine is organizing an expedition to investigate yellow fever in the vicinity of the Amazon. The last expedition, which was composed of Doctor Walter Myers and Dr. Herbert Durham experienced a disastrous termination, both of these investigators being stricken with the malady and the former suffering death. The present expedition will probably start at the beginning of the year.

Literature of Cancer.

cer.

IN another part of this number we print some of the recent current literature of canThere is no claim that this is in the least degree complete, in fact it only embraces a small proportion of the literature which has appeared in our journals during the period from 1888 down to the pres ent time. It comprises references to those articles which have attracted sufficient attention from the editor to cause him to keep track of them. To any one who is interested in the subject these references will be useful. They show that while a great deal of attention has been devoted to the operative side of cancer that this has by no means received the chief attention during the period.

There has been an interesting tendency during this time to the study of the pathology of cancer with an effort to arrive at an While understanding of its cause or causes.

the cause of cancer still remains somewhat in doubt, or at least has not been announced with sufficient force to compel its acceptance, much valuable work is being done along this line.

These references to the literature bring back to our mind the discussion of the rela tion of syphilis to cancer, the relation of ovarian cysts to cancer, whether or not uterine fibroids undergo cancerous degeneration. They also remind us of the various efforts which have been made to find a cure for cancer, as by the use of the aniline dyes, inoculation with erysipelas, the use of the X-ray and radium.

Up to the present time complete extirpation by radical operation offers the best results in all cases excepting of the very superficial growths in the skin. We are lead to

believe, however, that in the near future some important developments will be forthcoming.

The fact that malignant disease can be produced by inoculation is a great step in advance in our understanding of the disease and will, in all probability, lead toward the true solution of its prevention or more satisfactory treatment.

It seems that already there is a feeling in the profession that heredity may not be the important factor that it has generally been supposed, and it is quite within the range of possibility that in life insurance examinations under circumstances where it is necessary to estimate longevity the hereditary fac. tor will receive smaller consideration in the future.

This has been markedly true of tuberculosis. There was a time, not many years ago, when the hereditary element of tuberculosis was considered all important, but the instructions of the great life insurance companies to their examiners has been considerably modified in recent years, and instead, they are asking, with increased solicitude, whether or not the applicant has ever been associated with a consumptive person. It seems altogether possible that the same question can appropriately be asked in reference to cancer.

Artificial Immunity in Carcinoma.

C.E.B.

In the Medical News of January 14th, 1905, Dr. Gaylord of the New York Cancer Laboratory, made a preliminary report upon the production of immunity from adeno-carcinoma. Gaylord visited Copenhagen and secured from Prof. Jensen "two white mice with actively growing tumors inoculated from a strain of mice infected with adeno-carcinoma."

Mice were inoculated from these with the result that from twenty to seventy per cent of the inoculations were successful. Some of the tumors would grow actively for a time and then would seem to disappear spontaneously. This led to experiments on immunity, to try to discover what it was in the blood of some mice which prevented the growth of the tumor.

"The blood serum of mice which had recovered spontaneously from tumors possessed a power, when injected into mice infected with growing tumors, of inhibiting the growth of large tumors and causing the retrogression of smaller tumors, leaving the animal possessed of an immunity which prevents recurrence of the growth."

Of course all these experiments were controlled with mice inoculated at the same time.

The mice used for the control all had smaller tumors than those injected with the immun. izing serum, but in others cases the tumors in the controlled mice developed rapidly and the mice died within three or four weeks, while not a single mouse treated with the immune serum has succumbed and there has been marked retardation in the development of the tumor.

Microscopical examination of the inhibited tumors show an actual degeneration of the cancer nests with atrophy of the epithelium, giant cell formation and final disintegration. Medical literature shows many authentic cases of spontaneous disappearance of cancers in man. No doubt such disappearances are in some way associated with the production of immunity, and such experiments as are now being carried on at the New York Cancer Laboratory may lead to the discovery of the curability of cancer.

These facts and experiments are exceedingly interesting in connection with Dr. Orth's propositions regarding the cause and nature of cancer. C. E.B.

IN the December number of the "Annals of Surgery" Prof. Orth, of Berlin, gives his

Germ Theory of Cancer.

views"On the Morphology of Carcinoma and the Parasitic Theory of Its Etiology.'

This paper was read before the Surgical section of the International Congress of Arts and Sciences in St. Louis in September, and has been translated from the author's manuscript by Paul Monroe Pilcher.

The author starts out by asking two questions: First, in what way is cancer morphologically characterized? Second, what can be said concerning the parasitic origin of the disease?

His answer to the first question is that the cancer cells are none other than epithelial cells, both as regards their structure and the nature of their protoplasm and nuclei. They are epithelial by origin, as well as in accordance with their biological activities.

The author does not believe that there is any formation of epithelial cells or cancer cells from connective tissue cells, although he admits that one kind of epithelium can be transformed into another kind of epithelium, that is to say, cylindrical epithelial cells may be transformed into squamous epithelial cells or vice versa, but neither are ever made from a connective tissue cell.

The author discusses at some length the difference between epithelial cells and cancer