oid bone). Glands of Vesalius. Ligament of Vesalius. Veins of Vesalius. Vicq D'Azyr, F. French. Anatomist. 1748. 1794. Professor in Paris. Bundle of Vicq (a bundle of nerve fibres passing from the mammillary body to the anterior nucleus of the optic thalamus). Foramen of Vicq. White line of Vicq. Vidius, Vidus (Guidi Guido G.). Italian. Anatomist. 1500? 1569. Vieussens, Raymond de French. von Wachendorf. Eberhard Jacob. Dutch. Chemist. 1700? 1756. Professor in Utrecht. Membrane of von Wachendorf described in 1740 (fetal eye). Waldeyer, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried. Ger man. Anatomist. 1836. Living. Professor in Berlin. Ureteral sheath of Waldeyer. Synonymous with that of Hasse. Ovarian fossa of Waldeyer. Walter, Johann G. German. Anatomist. 1734. 1818. Ganglion of Walter (coccygeal or impar). Walther, Johann Adam. German. German. Physician. Born 1781. Diss. De humanae linguae natura, 1806. Ducts of Walther (sublingual). Professor in Bayreuth. Weber, Ernst Heinrich. German. Physiologist. 1795 1878. Professor in Wittenburg. Glands of Weber (in tongue). Weitbrecht, Josias. Russian. Anatomist. 1702. 1747. Professor in St. Petersburg. Cord or ligament of Weitbrecht (orbicular ligament of elbow). Wernicke, Karl. German. Neurologist. 1848. Living. Professor in Breslaw and Halle. Fissure of Wernicke (vertical fissure at end of fissure of Sylvius). Wernekink, F.C.G. German. 1798. 1835. Professor in Giessen. Commissure of Wernekink (decussation of prepeduncle in cerebellum). Westphal, Karl Friedrich. German. Physi. cian. 1833. 1888. Professor in Berlin. Nucleus of Westphal (nucleus of origin of a part of the trochlear fibres; it is situated posteriorly to the trochlear nucleus proper). Wharton, T. English. Anatomist. 1610. 1673. Professor in London. Wharton's canal and duct (the duct of the submaxillary salivary gland). Wharton's jelly (the gelatinous mucoid connective tissue investing the umbilical cord). Wilder, B. G. American. Anatomist. Born 1841. Professor in Utica. Fissure of Wilder (amygdaline in the brain). Willis, Thomas. English. Physician. 1622. 1675. Professor in Cambridge. Circle of Willis (the arterial anastomosis at the base of the brain). Chords of Willis (fibrous bands which extend transversely across the inferior angle of the superior longitudinal sinus). Nerve of Willis (spinal accessory). Glands of Willis. Numbering of cranial nerves. Cerebrum Abdominale of Willis (the ganglion coelicaum) Synonymous with that of Byron Robinson. Wilson, James Arthur. English. Anatomist. 1795. 1883. Professor in London. Muscle of Wilson (constrictor urethrae). Winslow Jakob Benignus. Danish. Anatomist. 1669. 1760. Professor in Paris. Foramen of Winslow(an aperture situated between the liver and the stomach, formed by folds of peritoneum and establishes communication between the greater and lesser cavities of the peritoneum). Ligament of Winslow (the posterior ligament of the knee-joint). Wirsung, Johann George. German. Physician. Born 1643. Professor in Padua. Duct or canal of Wirsung (the pancreatic duct). Synonymous with that of Hofman. Wolff, Kaspar Freidrich. German. Anatomist. 1733. 1794. Professor in Berlin. Wolffian bodies (the mesonephros or primordial kidney). Woolner, Thomas. English Sculptor and poet. 1826. 1892. Woolner's tip (helical apex of the ear). Worm, Ole Danish. 1588. 1654. Professor in Copenhagen. Wormian bones (any one of the small supernumerary bones found in the sutures of the skull). Wrisberg, H. A. German. Anatomist. 1739. 1808. Professor in Gottingen. Nerve of Wrisberg (the lesser internal cutaneous of the brachial plexus (2) a small nerve arising from the medulla oblongata and coursing between the facial and auditory nerves). Cartilages of Wrisberg (the cuneiform cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane stretching from the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis). Ganglion of Wrisberg (superior cardiac). Ligament of Wrisberg (in the knee). Wutzer, Karl Wilhelm. German. Surgeon. 1789. 1863. Professor in Berlin. Ganglion of Wutzer. Zinn, John Godfrey. German. Ophthalmologist and anatomist. 1727. 1759. Professor in Gottingen. Ligament of Zinn. Corona of Zinn (arterial). Central artery of Zinn (in optic nerve and retina). Zonule of Zinn (the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens of the eye). Membrane of Zinn (laminae irides anterior). Zuckerkandl, Emil. Austrian. Anatomist. Born 1849. Professor in Vienna. Convolution of Zuckerkandl (subcallosal). WE have before Delegates of the The House of Delegates and Its Work. stated that the House of A.M.A. was markedly a democratic body. It is and uniquely so, and while it has its own peculiar qualifications and deficiences, it differs from most legislative bodies in being not indifferent to science, literature and the arts. The philosophic method prevails, and we believe genuinely. Then again is shown in its deliberations the equality which begets in man the desire of judging of everything for himself, aids "in giving taste for the tangible and the real," and does not succor too much tradition and conventionality. We therefore, feel proud of our medical brethren, and proud too, of having been honored on one occasion to membership in this strong body of men, where facts are facts, and unremitting efforts are put forth to point out the weaker points of a neighbor's opinion. The furtive glance into the higher possibiliities of achievement of the House of Delegates leads us to suggest that to excell as a permanent institution it must cease the restless ambition which this equality begets, to become sensational "by knocking," and try to get down to an enlightened democratic spirit, where prepetual intercourse may make the ideas, notions and desires advanced, worthy and truly valuable to the medical profession as a whole. The Portland session has set a pace for future meetings highly commendable and prophetic of good for the cause of medical organization. The address of President Musser in opening the sessions of the House, is full of wholesome suggestions, and should be read by all physicians, as it is an index of the good and kindly spirit of usefulness which the A. M. A. harbors and wishes to extend to all. The reports of the various committees, the trustees and officers show the growth of the Association in membership, material prosperity and useful measures destined to cultivate true professionalism, scientific inquiry and belief in ideals. The Walter Reed monument and the Rush monument emphasize the belief in ideals which in this commercial age are distinctive and permanent evidences that there are rewards of usefulness which the A. M. A. honors and honors itself in fostering. Again, the Committee on Medical Legislation is doing excellent work leading to ultimate State and National recognition of the real purposes of medical legislation. The secret nostrum evil received important consideration, and the Missouri State Medical Association with its resolution presented by Dr. Dorsett, made for itself a place in the history of the A. M. A., which will lead to more effective work along this line. This subject which has aroused much discussion during the past year promises to be adjusted without much trouble. The reports of the various reference committees as adopted were briefly as follows: The establishment of record system of naines of membership; the establishment of biographical card index; the approval of the creation of Council of Pharmacy; the favoring of the Missouri resolution on secret nostrums; the authority to compile a national medical directory blue book; the establishment of a permanent legislative bureau; the adoption of the report of the Committee on Medical Education; various changes of minor importance to the Constitution and Bylaws, the most important of which and a good one, is the appointment of the Board of Trustees to the control of local arrangements, selection of a place of meeting if necessary; the continuance of organization work under Dr. McCormick's direction, and other reports pertaining to section work hygiene, etc. Prof. J. Hirschberg, of Berlin, was elected to honorary membership. Prof. Hirschberg was the guest of the section on ophthalmol ogy, and Frederick S. Lee. Ph. D., University of Columbia, Martin H. Fisher, Ph.D., Univresity of California, and George T. Kemp, Ph.D., University of Illinois, were elected to associate membership. Upon the whole the meetings of the House of Delegates were well attended, and good, honest work was done. F.P.N. For arterial tension with vertigo, angina, acute heart dilation, tic, and asthma, inhale amyl nitrite. "YELLOW JACK" is once more with us. New Orleans is writhing in the throes of an epidemic of yellow fever, which owes its presence in that city to lax quarantine and inspection of vessels entering that port from the Central or The Yellow Fever Situation. South American fever-zone. After attempting to take a strangle hold or two on the dread foe, the health authorities of Lousiana were plainly having their shoulders put to the mat by that terrible jiu-juitsu foe of civiliza. tion, yellow fever, when the citizens of New Orleans, arousing themselves from a lethargy which has undoubtedly prevailed for many years, called on the Federal Government for succor. The President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, with his accustomed strenuosity, turned the situation over to that efficient and energetic public health officer, Surgeon-General Walter Wyman, of the U. S. Public Health and Marine Hos pital Service. The Federal cfficers are now in command of the situation. Free criticism withheld while the local health authorities of Louisi ana were in command of the situation, now states that the condition of New Orleans so far as sanitation is concerned, is in much more pitiable condition than was Havana before the American invasion. Ever since the American commission eradicated yellow fever from Havana, by destroying the breeding places of the mosquito and isolation fever patients in mosquito-proof hospitals, there has been repeated recommendation made to the authorities of New Orleans to clean up that filthy city. The theory of the transmis sion of the disease through the medium of the bite of the mosquito has apparently fallen on barren soil in the case of the health authorities of New Orleans, so far as the enactment of anti-mosquito legislation and the waging of a mosquito war in that city was concerned. The city has been allowed to become one vast breeding ground for the mosquito and with the advent of one case of the disease into the unfortunate city, the mosquito pest has carried it like wild-fire throughout the city. The fever is now thoroughly scattered through New Orleans, and it will require heroic measures to stamp it out. A step in the right direction was taken by the citizens of New Orleans in requesting Federal aid in this connection. It is passing strange that the Federal government equips and maintains a disease-fighting brigade, the Marine Hospital Service, second in point of efficiency to none in the whole world, and yet when disease threatens our frontiers and gains an entry into the State, there must be a formal demand or request made the individual Commonwealth before the Federal Marine Hospital officers can take hold of the situation. This is manifestly wrong and absolutely absurd. By congressional act or by legislation in every State in these United States, it should be provided that in case of the prevalence of any epidemic disease requiring quarantine or isolation or inspection, the Marine Hospital officials should take command of the situation. They are in truth best fitted of all our public health officers to intelligently cope with disease outbreaks. Why then should their hands be tied by the old, foolish doctrine of State rights? We have a commission called the Interstate Commerce Commission which has jurisdiction upon matters commercial between the several states. Why not, then empower the U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service to be the Interstate Health Department? And above all things, at this time, it is timely to refer to the fact that there should be a Čabinet office of Public Health. Now is the time for the profession to "get busy" and once more start a propaganda for the establishent of the office of Secretary of Public Health. The Alleviation of Senility. R.B.H.G. DR. CHAS. G. STOCKTON, in his masterly address on Medicine before the American Medical Association presented in a most thorough manner a very important subject, one in which we are interested, because we are all destined, sooner or later, to personally recognize the problems of old age. We can not escape them, even we younger men, can at the zenith prepare the way for a more reasonable, satisfactory and useful old age if we will take cognizance of the teachings which scientific medicine is placing before us in its very varied ways and means. Dr. Stockton's paper is one which should be read, re-read, and filed for reference, as it is useful literature and makes, we think, an epoch in the study of this subject. In recongition of its importance we have published it in full for the benefit of our readers this scholarly address. F.P.N. Yellow Fever. THERE is no cause for alarm over the yellow fever situation in the South, for while New Orleans is in the throes of an epidemic, yet under the surveillance of the Marine Hospital service of the United States with its trained corps of officers, and men we are assured that every effort possible is being put forth to limit the spread of the disease. In view of the great work done in the study of the etiology of the disease in Cuba by the Commission of a Board of U. S Army medical officers composed of Drs. Reed, Lazear, Argamonte and Carroll, the modern methods of curtailment of an epidemic of yellow fever, make it imperative that through organization be perfected in order to insure its suppression. For this reason the U. S. Marine Hospital service has been asked to assume control, and in consequence New Orleans is having the most thorough cleaning it ever had and the most effective inspection of all possible sources of mosquito infection ever attempted in this country. The etiology of the disease has been studied by modern methods and demonstrated beyond question the truth of the theory proposed by Dr. Carlos Finlay in 1881, viz., that the transmission of the disease was due to a mosquito. This theory was ignored for years, but was taken up when the development of our knowledge regarding the part played by the mosquito in the etiology of malarial fever, demonstrated the similarity of conditions in yellow fever. The work of the commission previously referred to, confirmed this theory. Dr. Lazear of this commission was a martyr to the experimental cause of science, as he died of yellow fever, infected from the bites of infected mosquitoes. Dr. Carroll, of the same commission, came near losing his life in the same way, and Dr. Myers of the Liverpool commission, did die from mosquito infection. The observations of the U. S. Army Yellow Fever Commission revolutionized our knowledge of the etiology of the disease, as evidenced in the following conclusions: 1. Bacillus icteroides, Sanarelli, and the hog cholera bacillus are practically identical. 2. Yellow fever is transmitted by the mosquito stegomyia fasciata. 3. This mosquito may convey the disease as early as the twelfth day after biting the patient, and may retain the power to do so as long as it lives. 4. Yellow fever can be transmitted by the hypodermic injection of blood drawn from a patient in the first, second or fourth days of the disease. 5. Yellow fever is not communicated by formites. 6. The infectious agent of yellow fever can be passed through a filter that is impermeable to ordinary bacteria. 7. The infectious property of blood drawn from yellow fever patients is destroyed by a temperature of 55 deg. C. maintained for ten minutes. The disease is not contagious, and there is practically little risk to those attending upon or nursing yellow fever patients. To meet the conditions in the prevention of the disease the U. S. Marine Hospital service urges that the people should know that "the infection to yellow fever is carried by mosquitoes, and by no other means is the infection spread. Persons take the disease by being bitten by mosquitoes that have previously bitten a yellow fever patient. The mosquitoes to become infected must bite a yellow fever patient during the first three days of his attack. These first three days, therefore, are the most important time. for preventing the access of mosquitoes to a fever patient. The following suggestions taken from Memphis Board of Health and U. S. Marine Hospital Bulletin are valuable: FACTS ABOUT SCREENING. 1. The netting used should have meshes fine enough to prevent the passage of mosquitoes (at least 18 to 20 meshes to the inch). 2. It is important to screen the windows and doors of the house. It is doubly important to screen the beds of fever patients. 3. Mosquitoes can bite through mosquito nets when any part of the patient's body is in contact with the netting. 4. Frequent examinations should be made to see that there are no torn places in the netting, or that no mosquitoes have found a lodging inside. 5. The netting should be well tucked in to keep mosquitoes from entering. 6. If mosquitoes are found within the netting they should be killed inside, and not merely driven or shaken out. 7. All cases of fever should be promptly reported to the local health officer. Awaiting his arrival they should be covered with a mosquito bar. they must come frequently to the surface to breathe. 5. Coal oil on the surface of the water prevents the wrigglers from breeding. 6. Destroy the breeding places and you will destroy the mosquitoes. 7. Empty the water from all tubes, buckets, cans, flower-pots, vases once every forty-eight hours. 8. Fill or drain all pools, ditches, unfilled postholes, and the like. needed in chicken coops, kennels, etc. 9. Change regularly every day all water 10. Treat with oil all standing water which can not be screened or drained (one ounce of oil will cover 15 square feet of surface). The oil does not effect the water for use if the water is drawn from below. 11. Where oil is applied to standing water it must be distributed evenly over the surface. 12. Put fine wire netting over cisterns, walls and tanks of water in every day use. 13. Places in which it is undesirable to put oil, such as watering troughs for stock, lily ponds, and so forth, can be kept free from wrigglers by putting in gold fish or minnows. 14. Clean away all weeds, grass and bushes about ditches, ponds and other possible breeding places, since these afford a hiding place for the mosquitoes. 15. Clean up vacant lots and back yards of all cans, tins, bottles and rubbish. 16. First do away with, or treat, all places where mosquitoes are known to breed, and then begin to work on places where they might breed. 17. Inspect and treat with coal oil gutters, culverts, ditches, manholes, catch basins, etc., along the roadside. Manhole covers should be screened. 18. Houses should be cleared of mosquitoes by burning one pound of insect powder and two pounds of sulphur to 1000 cubic feet of space. The mosquitoes will fall to the floor and should be collected and burned. 19. Success in mosquito destruction depends on the co-operation of the members of the entire community. 20. While the infection of yellow fever is carried by a single species of mosquito (the stegomyia), to insure its destruction it is necessary to destroy all mosquitoes. In places liable to yellow fever both individuals and communities have an effective method of protecting themselves, as indicated above. Use the mosquito bar at once over all cases of fever until the danger from yellow fever has passed. Destroy all mosquitoes." F.P.N. |