his brigade could be put on the firing line; and the check was so serious that General Anderson, who was now in Malate, sent over the field telegraph a message instructing him to retreat from Cingalon and make his way over to the left to follow Greene's advance. This was at twenty-five minutes past one o'clock, but when MacArthur received the orderwhich is not mentioned in his report-the Spanish fire was dying out, and a little later the blockhouse was abandoned, leaving the way to Paco and Manila open. Meanwhile Greene's brigade, entering Malate, had a brief exchange of fire with the Spanish positions farther inland; but no serious resistance was offered, and after clearing the enemy's line of trenches the American troops marched steadily forward through Malate and Ermita, keeping close to the bay. The Callao, the captured Spanish gunboat, now commanded by Lieutenant Tappan, moved beside them along the shore. Occasional shots still came from street corners and from houses, though when they reached the open space of the Luneta-the water-side parade ground of Manilaand were in full view of the old walled city, a white flag was seen flying above its ancient fortifications. The white ensign of surrender had been hoisted shortly after eleven o'clock, in answer to Dewey's signalled demand, and Lieutenant Surrender of Brumby and Lieutenant-Colonel Manila, Aug. 13. Whittier, representing the admiral and General Merritt, had already gone ashore to negotiate terms with General Jaudenes. The surrender was of course complete, but Spanish honour was salved by the proviso that the garrison should. capitulate with all the honours of war." enabled them to claim the privilege for which Toral pleaded so hard at Santiago—that of carrying their arms back to Spain. Merritt yielded the point— which would no doubt have been disallowed by his This official superiors had he been in communication with Washington, as Shafter was. For the rest, the articles—finally signed on Sunday, August 14th, by a commission consisting of General Greene, Lieutenant-Colonels Whittier and Crowder, of Merritt's staff, and Captain Lamberton, chief of staff to Dewey, and by General de la Pena and Colonels. Reyes and Feliñ for the Spaniards-provided that the city, its defences, and all public property, should be turned over to the victorious army; that Jaudenes's troops should be prisoners of war pending the conclusion of a peace treaty, the officers retaining their side arms, horses, and personal property; and that the question of their return to Spain should be left to the United States Government. The casualties in Greene's brigade, on August 13th, were one man killed and six wounded; in MacArthur's brigade, four killed and thirty-nine wounded. In the firing between the trenches, earlier in the month, Greene had fifteen killed and sixty wounded, making the entire American loss in action during the Manila campaign twenty killed and one hundred and five wounded. It appears that most of the fighting on the 13th, and most if not all of the few casualties to Merritt's men, took place after the white flag had gone up over the Manila walls. The order to cease firing may have been delayed in transmission to some parts of the Spanish lines, or may not have been promptly obeyed when received. Each army, it seems, blamed the other for the desultory exchange of shots that accompanied Greene's march into the city. At one point a body of insurgents, on the road from Paco, had fired upon the Spaniards, and the latter replied with a volley that killed one man and wounded two of the First California, the only loss. the regiment suffered during the day. Merritt had hoped, by closely following up the retreating Spaniards, and by holding the bridges on the roads entering Manila from the south and east, to keep Aguinaldo's men out of the city, where their presence could only be a serious embarrassment and a menace to law and order. Moreover, their exclusion appears to have been part of the understanding with the captain-general. Unfortunately, during the blocking of MacArthur's advance at Cingalon, some two or three thousand of them made their way in from Paco and established themselves at several points in the suburbs. They are said to have looted some houses, among them the residence of a Spanish official in Ermita, where they broke open the safe and appropriated the funds it contained. Though they were held in check by the American troops, and though they afterward withdrew from the city, the friction thus caused helped to precipitate the disastrous rupture that ultimately resulted. By the evening of the 13th, except for the positions held by the insurgents, Manila was effectively occupied by the American troops. The Oregon regiment had come up the Pasig in boats and taken possession of the walled city, where Merritt made his headquarters in the ayuntamiento, or city hall. MacArthur's brigade was distributed through Malate, Ermita, and the southern suburbs, while Greene held Binondo, Tondo, and the northern districts. MacArthur himself was appointed governor of the city. And so, almost without a blow, the seat of Spanish power in the east was captured, with thirteen thousand prisoners of war, twenty-two thousand small arms, seventy modern and several hundred obsolete pieces of artillery, and a public fund of nine hundred thousand dollars. CHAPTER XVII THE LATTER DAYS OF THE CUBAN BLOCKADE AFTER outlining the campaigns of Santiago, Porto Rico, and Manila, it only remains, in order to complete the military and naval record of the war, to chronicle several minor engagements that took place on the Cuban coast during the last two months of hostilities. The story of the blockade has already been briefly given up to the point at which the advent of Cervera changed the course of events. When the struggle centred about Santiago, and the main strength of the American navy was concentrated there under Admiral Sampson, Commodore Watson was left in command off Havana. At this time, it may be recalled, the blockade covered only a hundred miles of the island's northern coast, from Bahia Honda to Cardenas, and the port of Cienfuegos on the south; but it was proposed to extend it as soon as possible. To reinforce Watson's scanty fleet-composed of small armed auxiliaries-vessels were drawn from Commodore Howell's squadron, patrolling the North Atlantic coast; and on June 19th Sampson sent word to Washington: The President may declare immediately the blockade of whole southern coast. Three days later Secretary Long telegraphed to the admiral: It is proposed to proclaim the blockade on the east * side of Cape Cruz, Cuba, to Cape Frances, Cuba. When will you be ready? * This word should probably read "south." And again on June 24th: Reports constantly received of provisions reaching Spanish forces via southern port of Cuba, and of preparation at Mexico, Jamaica, to forward further supplies; therefore the department desires greatly to keep all blockade effective, to establish blockade from Cape Cruz, Cuba, to Cape Frances, Cuba. When shall you be ready for the latter to be proclaimed? On the 28th the proclamation was issued, the port of San Juan, in Porto Rico, being included. This set the navy a difficult task. Sampson had telegraphed, on June 23d, that the detachment of menof-war for convoy duty with transports would “so reduce the available ships for blockade as to make it quite impossible to maintain strict blockade on the whole of Cuba. Vessels running blockade," he added," are smaller in size but greatly increased in number." Watson had now been ordered to Guantanamo, to organize a squadron for a strategic move against the coast of Spain; and to take his place, on June 25th, Commodore Howell was instructed to bring his remaining ships south. On July 1st, when he reached Key West, Howell was put in charge of the blockade, his new command being designated as the "first North Atlantic squadron," and being still subject to Sampson's authority as commanderin-chief. At this date the admiral had a total of ninety-eight vessels under his orders. The Yankee at During June, the tedious routine of the blockade was enlivened by but little fighting. On the 13th the Yankee-ordered to Cienfuegos after her brief service with Sampson at Santiago, and specially commissioned to watch for the blockade runner Purissima Concepcion, which was afterward destroyed at Manzanillo had a brush with two Spanish vessels, the Gallicia and a smaller gunboat; and though the enemy had the aid of shore bat |