On the 28th, the day by which an answer was required, the Spaniards signified their acceptance, coupling it with a formal and of course ineffectual protest. Recognising the impossibility of resisting their powerful antagonist, they declared, and to avoid still greater loss and suffering to their country, they could do nothing but yield to the victor's terms, however harsh. And so, on the evening of December 10th, the commissioners met for the last time to sign the treaty that freed Cuba from Spain, and transferred a colonial empire from an ancient monarchy of Europe to the young and mighty republic of the west.

hand of conquest, or by some concessions that comported with the greatness and character of this country. And therefore," he went on, "we believed that it was better.. . to take them by voluntary cession and by purchase, so to speak.'

Secretary Day, in a letter published in the daily press on October 12, 1899, quotes and approves Senator Gray's statement, and adds: "It was not claimed that the United States had a right to the Philippine Islands as a matter of conquest. By the cession for a consideration we obtained an indisputable title."

On the other hand, Mr. Whitelaw Reid (Later Aspects of Our New Duties, page 9) says that when the American commissioners first demanded the cession of the islands, they "accompanied this demand for a transfer of sovereignty with a stipulation for assuming any existing indebtedness of Spain, incurred for public works and improvements of a pacific character in the Philippines. The United States thus asserted its right to the archipelago for indemnity, and at the same time committed itself to the principle of payment on account of the Philippine debt"; and that though the ultimatum gave no reason for the twentymillion-dollar payment, "it was really nothing but the old proposition, with the mention for the first time of a specific sum for the payment, and without any question of 'pacific improvements.' That sum just balanced the Philippine debt-forty million Mexican, or, say, twenty million American dollars."

The difference of opinion between Mr. Reid and his colleagues is curious.

INDEX

Abarzuza, Señor de, Spanish peace commissioner, 391.
Acosta, Commander, of the Reina Mercedes, 196.

Adams, John Quincy, on Cuba, 18.

Adjuntas, Porto Rico, 340, 343.

Adria, American steamer, 155.

Agaña, capital of Guam, 354, 355

Aguadores, Fort, 230, 235; Duffield's movement against, 259; bom-
barded by Sampson, 260; second movement against, 262.
Aguadores River, 240, 242, 249; emergency hospital at, 264.

Aguila Negra, Cuban revolutionary society, 21.

Aguilera, governor of Madrid, 94.

Aguinaldo, Emilio, Filipino insurgent, 130; relations with American
forces, 356, 357; president Filipino republic, 358; reports German
interference at Subig, 363; meets Anderson, 364; at Bakoor, 365;
withdraws from before Malate, 366; followers enter Manila, 378.
Aibonito, Porto Rico, 344; Spanish position at, 345.

Alabama, American battle ship, 101.

Albany, American cruiser, 103.

Albemarle, Lord, at Havana, 8.

Alcañiz, Major, at Las Guasimas, 226.

Aldea, Colonel, 230, 253.

Aleman, José B., Cuban insurgent, 52.

Alert, British sloop of war, 294.

Alfonso XII, Spanish cruiser, 68, 77; at Havana, 122.

Alfonso XII, Spanish steamer, 384.

Alger, R. A., Secretary of War, 145; restricts information to press,
149; advises Shafter against retreat, 268; requests co-operation of
Sampson, 308; work during the war, 324.

Allen, Captain L. C., Sixteenth Infantry, 251.
Allen, Colonel James, Signal Corps, 173.

Allen, Lieutenant H. T., Second Cavalry, 294.

Almirante Oquendo, Spanish cruiser, 100; at Havana, 71; at St. Vin-
cent, 118, 157; crosses Atlantic, 168; leaves Santiago, 272; in battle
of Santiago, 276; driven ashore, 280, 284.

Almodovar del Rio, Spanish Minister of State, 390, 392.

Alvarado, Spanish gunboat, captured at Santiago, 319; at Manza-
nillo, 387.

Ambulances, lack of, at Santiago, 212, 264.

Ames, Brigadier-General A., 325.

Amphitrite, American monitor, 103, 108, 116; goes to San Juan, 159,
161; with Sampson in Nicholas Channel, 178; off San Juan, 333;
at Cape San Juan, 348.

Anderson, Captain H. R., Fourth Artillery, 343.

Anderson, Colonel Thomas M., Fourteenth Infantry, 351; brigadier-
general of volunteers, 352; goes to Manila, 360, 364; at Cavité, 365,
374; in attack on Manila. 376.

André, Belgian consul at Manila, 131; negotiates for surrender, 371-
373.

Annapolis, American gunboat, 104, 215, 338; at Nipe Bay, 384, 385.

Annapolis, Spanish prisoners at, 288.
Anthony, William, marine, of the Maine, 77.
Antonio Lopez, Spanish gunboat, 154.
Antonio Lopez, Spanish transport, 333.
Arango, Francisco, Cuban statesman, 9.
Aranguren, Nestor, Cuban insurgent, 64.
Argonauta, captured by Marblehead, 151.

Arias, Lieutenant, exchanged for Hobson, 301.

Ariete, Spanish torpedo boat, 119.

Army, American, 104, 204; health of, during war, 328.

Army, Spanish, 97.

Arroyo, Porto Rico, 340; Brooke lands at, 346.

Artillery, American, in battle of Caney, 237; in battle of San Juan,
255; before Santiago, 263.

Aserraderos, 197, 217; conference at, 218, 301, 302; Cubans taken to
Siboney from, 232.

Asomanta, hill of, Porto Rico, 345, 346.

Astor, Colonel John Jacob, on Shafter's staff, 365.

Astor Battery, 365, 374, 375.

Atlanta, American cruiser, 103, 108.

Atwater, Lieutenant C. N., of the Amphitrite, 348.

Audaz, Spanish torpedo-boat destroyer, 362.

Augustin, captain-general of the Philippines, 129; issues proclama-
tion, 130; refuses Dewey's terms, 143; superseded by Jaudenes, 371.

Australia, American transport, 354.

Auxiliaries, bought by United States Government, 112.

Ayres, Captain C. G., Tenth Cavalry, 266.

Azcarraga, premier of Spain, 62.

Azor, Spanish torpedo boat, 119.

Bagley, Ensign Worth, killed at Cardenas, 153.

Bahia Honda, Lopez lands at, 25; Virginius surrendered at, 35; limit
of blockade, 122, 383.

Bainbridge, Lieutenant-Colonel A. H., Fourth Infantry, 213.
Bakoor, near Manila, 143, 365.

Balloon detachment at Santiago, 215; in battle of San Juan, 242.
Balmaceda, captain-general of Cuba, 31.

Baltimore, American cruiser, 73, 103, 108; joins Dewey at Hong-Kong,
109, 131; leaves Mirs Bay, 132; at Subig Bay, 132; enters Manila
Bay, 133; injuries in battle, 139; captures Corregidor, 144.

Bancroft, American training ship, used as gunboat, 108, 149, 216,
218, 386.

Banes, Cuban expedition lands at, 149.

Baquero, Colonel J., killed at San Juan, 252.

Baracoa, founded by Velasquez, 3; surrender of, 321, 322; Spaniards
sail from, 327.

Barbadoes, Oregon at, III.

Barcelona, attack on American consulate in, 58.

Barclay, Captain C. J., of the Amphitrite, 116, 348.

Barker, Captain A. S., member of Naval War Board, 121; command-
ing the Newark, and later the Oregon, 387.

Barker, W. B., American consul at Sagua la Grande, 52.

Barreda, Captain, commander of port at Manzanillo, 381.

Barton, Miss Clara, president of American Red Cross Society, 60.
Bates, Brigadier-General J. C., 215; in battle of Caney, 234, 238;
marches to San Juan, 259; at conference of July 2, 266; suggests
the "round robin," 325.

Bayamo, Garcia and Rowan meet at, 147.

Bell, Colonel, quartermaster-general's department, 212.

Benham, Colonel D. W., Seventh Infantry, 214.

Bennington, American gunboat, 104.

Bennitt, Colonel F., Third Illinois, 346.

Beranger, Admiral, Secretary of Spanish Navy, 78.

Bernadou, Lieutenant J. B., of the Winslow, 116; wounded at Car-

denas, 152.

Berry, Commander R. M., of the Castine, 116.

Best, Captain C. L., First Artillery, 214; in battle of San Juan, 250,

257; retires to El Pozo, 263; moves forward, 298.

Biddle, Lieutenant-Colonel J., on General Wilson's staff, 344.

Bigelow, Captain J., Tenth Cavalry, 249.

Binondo, suburb of Manila, 378.

Bisbee, Lieutenant-Colonel W. H., First Infantry, 213.

Black Warrior, seized at Havana, 27.

Blanco, captain-general of Cuba, 55, 62; admits supplies for destitute
Cubans, 60; abolishes reconcentration, 79; captain-general of the
Philippines, 129; measures for defence of Santiago, 229; orders
Cervera to leave Santiago, 270; consents to exchange Hobson,
300; refers Shafter's demands to Madrid, 308.

Blandin, Lieutenant J. J., of the Maine, 68.

Blockade of Cuba, proclamation of, 122; difficulty of, 150; extended
to south coast, 380; misunderstanding as to extent of, 383.
Blockade of Santiago, 191.

Blockhouse Fourteen, Manila, 374, 375.

Blue, Lieutenant Victor, of the Suwanee, 197, 211, 260; commanding
the Alvarado, 319, 387.

Boardman, Cadet W. H., of the Amphitrite, 348.

Bolivar, Soles de, Cuban revolutionary society, 15.

Born, Colonel, Second Wisconsin, 343.

Borrowe, Sergeant H. A., First Volunteer Cavalry, 228.

Boston, American cruiser, 103, 108; leaves Mirs Bay, 132; at Subig
Bay, 132; enters Manila Bay, 133; meets Greene's expedition, 365;
off Manila, 368.

Boutelle, Congressman, opposes intervention in Cuba, 90.

Bratt, Colonel J. P., First Nebraska, 364.

Braunersreuther, Lieutenant W., of the Charleston, 355.

Breckinridge, Major-General J. C., 145; with Fifth Corps, 215; opin-
ion of Shafter, 313.

Brice, American consul at Matanzas, 53.

British squadron at Manila, 372.

Brooke, Lieutenant W., Fourth Infantry, 320.

Brooke, Major-General J. R., 145, 146, 331, 339, 346, 347.

Brooklyn, American cruiser, 101, 102, 108, 116; goes to Cienfuegos,
172; to Santiago, 176; on Santiago blockade, 191; in battle of San-
tiago, 273, 277, 286, 288; bombards Santiago, 306.

Brownson, Commander W. H., purchasing agent in Europe, 74; com-
manding the Yankee, 117, 381.

Brumby, Lieutenant T. M., of the Olympia, 376.

Brutus, American collier, 370.

Buchanan, President, and Cuba, 28.

Buck, Ensign W. H., Bureau of Navigation, 359.

Buena Ventura, captured by Nashville, 123.

Buffalo, American cruiser, purchased from Brazil, 110.

Burke, Lieutenant-Colonel D. W., Eleventh Infantry, 342.

Burr, Captain E., Engineer Corps, 215.

Burriel, General Juan, commander at Santiago, 34.

Bustamente, Captain, chief of staff to Cervera, 195; mortally wounded

at San Juan, 253.

Byrne, Captain B, A., Sixth Infantry, 251.

Cabanas, harbour of, near Santiago, 197, 216, 219, 307, 317.

Cables cut on Cuban coast, 154, 155.

Cabras Island, San Juan harbour, 161.

Cadarso, Captain, of the Reina Cristina, 141.

Cadiz, Cervera starts from, 118; Camara starts from, 359.

Caibarien, Cuba, 388.

Caimanera, 199, 202; Spanish forces at, 203.

California Heavy Artillery, 374.

Calkins, Lieutenant C. G., of the Olympia, 135.

Callao, Spanish gunboat, captured, 356; in attack on Manila, 376.
Calleja, Emilio, captain-general of Cuba, 43.

Calle Real, near Manila, 366, 368.

Camara, Admiral, 358; leaves Cadiz, 359; at Port Said, 360, 362; re-
called to Spain, 362.

Cambon, Jules, French ambassador at Washington, 93; asks for terms
of peace, 389; signs protocol, 391.

Cameron, Senator, proposes recognition of Cuban independence, 59.
Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va., 106, 232.

Camp Black, near New York, 329.
Camp Dewey, near Manila, 364, 365.

Camp McCalla, Playa del Este, 200.

Campos, Martinez, captain-general of Cuba, 37; premier of Spain, 40;
returns to Cuba, 44; resigns, 46; raises fund for destitute, 55.

Camp Thomas, Chickamauga, Ga., 106, 145, 146; unsanitary condition
of, 328, 330.

Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, 327.

Canalejas, José, editor of the Madrid Heraldo, 66.

Caney, 230; plan of attack on, 234; battle of, 236; troops left at, 259;
Santiago refugees at, 295-297, 305, 323.

Cannon, Congressman, 74.

Canovas del Castillo, Spanish premier, 39; assassinated, 62.

Canuelo, Fort, San Juan harbour, 161.

Cape Engano, Luzon, 365.

Cape Haitien, telegraph station at, 159, 333.

Cape San Juan, Porto Rico, 336, 348.

Capron, Captain A., First Artillery, 214, 227; in battle of Caney, 236,
238; at El Pozo, 263; before Santiago, 298.

Capron, Captain A. K., First Volunteer Cavalry, killed at Las
Guasimas, 224, 226.

Cardenas, Lopez lands at, 24; action of May 11th at, 152; limit of
blockade, 122, 383, 384.,

Cardinal_Cisneros, Spanish cruiser, 100.

Carlier, Lieutenant D., of the Furor, 157, 282.

Carlist war, in Spain, 30, 36.

Carroll, Lieutenant-Colonel H., Sixth Cavalry, 214; in battle of San
Juan, 241, 252.

Cartagena, Camara at, 359.

Castilla, Spanish cruiser, 136; destroyed in battle of Manila Bay, 141.
Castillo, General, Cuban insurgent, 218, 223, 227, 228.

Castine, American gunboat, 104, 116; off Cienfuegos, 173, 175; at
Mariel, 384.

Cataluna, Spanish cruiser, 100.

Cavité, arsenal at, 135, 136; surrenders to Dewey, 142; Dewey's squad-
ron at, 143; Commander Wood in charge of, 356; Anderson lands
at, 364.

Cayey, Porto Rico, 347.

Cerero, General Rafael, Spanish peace commissioner, 391.

Cervera, Admiral, at St. Vincent, 118; sails for West Indies, 157, 167;
reaches Santiago, 169; receives Hobson's surrender, 189; threatens
to bombard Santiago, 269; leaves Santiago, 271; in battle of San-
tiago, 280; surrenders, 284; rumoured to be bound for Manila, 358.
Cervera, Lieutenant Angel, 284.

Cespedes, Carlos, Cuban insurgent, 29, 36.

Chadwick, Captain F. E., serves on Maine commission, 70; captain
of the New York, 116, 120; in charge of the Colon, 286, 287; con-
ference with Shafter, 305; goes to represent navy at surrender of
Santiago, 319.

Chaffee, Brigadier-General A. R., 214, 228, 234, 235; in battle of Caney,
236, 237; reaches San Juan, 259; opinion of Shafter, 313; signs
round robin," 325.

Charette, G., of the Merrimac crew, 187.

Charleston, American cruiser, 103, 109, 351; captures Guam, 354;
reaches Manila, 355, 369.

Chester, Captain C. M., of the Cincinnati, 116; at Ponce, 339.

Chicago, American cruiser, 103, 108.

Chickamauga. See Camp Thomas.