whose names appear prominently in connection with the town were Daux and Waade. The church died out about 1661, although the building was again used in 1685 by the members of the fourth, and final, foreign congregation, which was established in Dover in that year. A large number of French Protestants sought refuge in England owing to the persecution which arose in their own country as a result of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. James II. granted permission to "such of the French nation as inhabit in and about Dover to make use of the French church built there in the time of our Royal Father, King Charles the first of blessed memory, provided they make use of the service of the Church of England according to the rubrick". Robert Jacob, who was mayor in 1685, was a member of this church, and several of those whose names appear in the records of the Walloon congregation were instrumental in forming this new establishment. The church was sufficiently well off to provide the stipends of two ministers, who, in 1686, were Solomon Delebecque and Antoine Couzot. The congregation were somewhat disturbed by internal differences caused by a turbulent member named Isaac de la Croix, who after his departure from Dover settled in Cork, and caused much dissension among the Huguenot body in that city. This church existed until June, 1731, when, on the 27th, the last service was held. The following entry in its account book gives the reason: "l'exercise de laditte église ayant cessé, manque de personnes a contribuer a l'entretient". One member of this church, Isaac Minet, was the founder of a family honoured and beloved in the town of his adoption. Differing from the Huguenots, self-respecting and respected, were a body of men who, filled with a fervour for the religious opinions which the Commonwealth had made unpopular, were a source of trouble and annoyance to the authorities. John Carlisle must again be quoted, for he expresses the feelings of the majority in forcible language. "We wish the king to know the distracted state of the town and port. Should any visitors be sent to Dover they would find us, as Cicero did the tomb of Archimedes, overgrown with thorns and nettles. We are overrun with schisms and factions, apparelled in several shapes, and publicly owned under several names and sections. The bell-wethers of faction are Nathaniel Berri, Nicols and Stiliard. The places of their seditious and unlawful meetings are many, but H.M.'s victualling yard is now used." That the statements made by Carlisle, who was a jurat, were not without foundation, and that the meetings were really considered seditions, we have other testimony to produce. In 1670 Richard Matson, Edward Dell, Samuel Taverner, Nathaniel Barry, Simon Yorke and Anthony Street were summoned to attend the king's council, and were reprimanded for using conventicles and attending unlawful meetings, and the corporation were ordered to close all such places forthwith. Taverner, who had been a captain of horse under Cromwell and Governor of Deal Castle, was a Baptist, and head of that body in Dover. In the last decade of the century, when the persecution of " schisms and factions" had ceased, he obtained a licence for a part of his house to be used as a place of public worship, and leased a parcel of ground near St. Martin's as a burial ground. He was the pastor of the church, for he had been " ordained" in 1681. After suffering imprisonment, probably in 1668, he retired to London for a while, and only returned when he could exercise his office in safety. The Baptists seem to have used Taverner's house as a chapel until 1745, when a new building was erected on the same site. In 1820 a new chapel was built in Firepost Lane, leading from Snargate Street. This body claim the honour of having opened the first Sunday School in Dover in 1803, and it was started by a lineal descendant of Samuel Taverner. In addition to the Baptists there were congregations of Independents, Presbyterians, Brownists, Quakers and Particular Baptists in Dover. They all suffered considerable persecutions about this time, many of their members being confined in the Castle. Whilst we may deplore the lack of Christian charity which prompted these bitter actions, we must remember that in their day of power they had equally ill-treated the clergy and members of the Episcopalian Church. The Friends' Meeting House was in St. James's Street, but about 1790 they built a chapel in Queen Street. Zion Chapel, in Last Lane, originally a malt house, was purchased by Philip Papillon in 1703, and used as a Presbyterian place of worship. Four years later the members numbered over eighty. The Particular Baptists had no settled place of worship in Dover until 1822, where they hired a room until Pent Side Chapel was ready for them. A considerable number of them were settled at Eythorne, and made several converts in Dover about 1643. It is said that their connection with Eythorne goes back as early as 1543. Of the Brownists, the followers of Robert Browne, a connection of Lord Burghley's, and sometimes called the "Father of Congregationalism," we have found no recorded permanent settlement in Dover, and they were probably absorbed in the other bodies, or driven by persecution out of the town. Trouble in connection with the election of the mayor again arose during this century, about 1644 the method adopted in 1578 was discontinued and the chief magistrate was nominated and elected in open assembly of all the free men. Four years after the Restoration the custom of 1578 was again revived, and afforded the discontented section of the townspeople a reasonable grievance. It is, perhaps, partly to this that the existence of the "factions" spoken of by Carlisle may be ascribed. He certainly was in favour of the restricted method of election. The illfeeling culminated in a serious riot on 8th September, 1670, which the Lieutenant of the Castle was compelled to quell with the Castle guard. John Matson was elected mayor by the conservative party, but Richard Barly was nominated and elected by the discontented section of the freemen. The matter was referred to the king in council, and by his decision the arrangement made in 1578 was to be continued, and a new election held forthwith with Barly's name placed amongst the four jurats recommended for election. This order was received on the 26th of September, and on the next day the new election was held, Richard Barly being chosen mayor. Both sides could therefore claim a victory, and both were probably dissatisfied. A charter of incorporation was granted by the king to the town shortly afterwards, he reserving to himself the right of vetoing the election of any individual as mayor, thereby reserving to himself a prerogative exercised on several occasions by his predecessors. James II. is also reputed to have granted a similar charter to the town during his reign, but Hasted is, we think, wrong when he says that both were annulled by proclamation on 17th October, 1788, for that proclamation referred to charters granted since 1679. As early as 1665 the civic rulers speak of themselves as the corporation. In 1685 the corporation paid W. Chapman £141 19s. for his expenses in procuring the charter from Charles II., and the same year paid a sum of thirty shillings to Mr. Crayford "for |