added by Mr. Butterfield, at the expense of Mr. H. M. Gibbs, of Berrow Court, Somersetshire, to whom also the church is indebted for the lectern, the Baskerville Bible, the altar rails, and the whole of the decoration of the interior. The vestry was added at the same time. Very little that was valuable survived the ruin of the building, a small bell dated 1639, with the initials I. C. upon it, may be seen in the vestry, as well as a coffin lid of an early date, but without any inscription. Two very beautiful sets of communion plate were saved, one by being handed over to the care of the clergy and churchwardens of St. James's, which was returned by them in 1862, the other set was probably kept in the barrack stores. The communion sets consist of a chalice and paten each, and each piece has a very clear hall mark upon it. The dates of these marks are 1632 and 1639. The larger set is beautifully engraved with the coat of arms of Theophilus Howard, Earl of Suffolk, who was Constable from 1628 to 1640. This is the history of what we believe to be the oldest building used for divine worship in the United Kingdom. It has passed through many vicissitudes and many degradations, yet still remains "an ensign set on an hill," a perpetual memorial of the truth and stability of Christianity. Romans, Jutes, Saxons, Danes, Normans have all in turn held sway in Dover since this church was built, they and their power have all passed away, one monument alone has survived them, and that is this witness of the everlasting kingdom of Christ. Rectors of the "Free Chapel and Prebend" of St. Maryin-the-Castle. 1226. Richard de Wokindon. 1287. Egidius de Audenarde. 1775. John Drake Hollingbery, D.D., Vicar of Coldred and Shepherdswell, 1762-1771. 1795. Richard Kilshaw. 18. Thomas de Lannoy. 1813. Thomas Busby. 1819. Charles Dayman, Curate of St. James's, 1819 to 1830. 1830. (Vacant. The troops attended St. James's Church.) 1861. Thomas Coney, Chaplain to the Forces. 1377. William Dray. 1394. Bartholomew Guypton. 1400. David Bagatour. 1405. Richard Burgoyne. [Sir Gilbert Scott, Arch. Cant., v.; Church and Fortress of Dover Castle, Canon Puckle; MSS. Notes of a Lecture by Loftus Brock; Monasteries of Kent, Arch. Cant., iii.; Lyon's Dover; Pat. Rolls, etc.; Lane's Early Church History; Leland; Dugdale's Monasticon; Hasted's Kent; Cartularium Saxonicum, W. de Gray Birch; Gen. Akers, Prof. Pap. R. E., xii.; History of Dover Castle, W. Darell; Exchequer Acc. P. R. O.] 244 CHAPTER XII. THE CASTLE. THE use and fortification of the eastern heights as a defensive position may be said to date from the beginning of the Christian era. It is possible that in the days prior to the landing of Julius Cæsar, and between his second invasion and the coming of Aulus Plautius, the Britons may have occupied them with an earthwork, but if so all trace of it has been destroyed. The earthwork which surrounded the church and Pharos was of the ordinary Roman type, a parallelogram with the corners rounded off. This Roman fortress has been described in Chapter xi., and no further details need be given here. The amount of information obtainable concerning the Castle during the Saxon and subsequent occupations is extremely limited. It is chiefly derived from the knowledge that we have of the Saxon methods of defence, and the remains of their masonry which were still existing at the end of the eighteenth century. From a reference to the plan it will be seen that the Saxon fortifications consisted of an outer and inner defence, which in a general way resemble those of Old Sarum. There is also a strong likeness to the Saxon burh at Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Yorkshire. Mr. Lyon gives the following account of it. He quotes no authorities, but we may believe that it is correct in all essentials. The greater part of the masonry |