masculine gender, and nominative case, subject of the verb

"is," according to Rule I.

who......is a relative pronoun, of the singular number and nominative case, subject of the verb "wrote," according to Rule I. I..........is a personal pronoun, of the first person, singular number, nominative case, subject of the verb "think," according to Rule I.

EXERCISE 37.

In the following sentences parse the subjects according to the model.

1. Books are not dead things.

2. The teacher taught the pupils to sing.

3. The crows which are feeding in the field are easily frightened.

4. I heard a wonderful story when I was a little girl.

5. We will know our lesson better to-morrow.

6. He lives in the old cottage at the foot of the hill.
7. And the mother gave, in tears and pain,

The flowers she most did love;

She knew she should find them all again,
In the fields of light above.

CAUTION.—Never use a pronoun in the objective case as the subject of a verb: thus

Betsey and me were out.

This is incorrect, because the pronoun "me" in the objective case is made the subject of the verb "were." It should be, "Betsey and I were out."

EXERCISE 38.

Correct by the caution the following examples:

1. Suppose you and me go a-gunning.

2. Ida is the girl whom we supposed would read the poem.

3. Who will go after a pail of water?

Her and me [will go].

4. Who did the mischief? Them [did].
5. Them are the books which we wanted.
6. You learn faster than me [learn].

AGREEMENT OF THE VERB.

Rule II. A verb agrees with its subject in number and in person: as

1. I am that merry wanderer.

2. A bee among the flowers of spring is one of the most cheerful objects that can be seen.

Model for Parsing.

am.........

is..

..is an irregular intransitive verb (be), of the indicative mood, present tense, first person singular, and agrees with its subject "I," according to Rule II.

..is an irregular intransitive verb, of the indicative mood, present tense, third person singular, and agrees with its subject "bee," according to Rule II.

can be seen.....is an irregular transitive verb (see), of the passive voice, potential mood, present tense, third person plural, and agrees with its subject “that.”

EXERCISE 39.

In the following sentences parse the verbs according to the model.

1. Letters pass through the post-office.

2. We wandered across the meadows.

3. The goats were feeding on the mountain-side.

4. Still waters run deep.

5. Where have you been?

6. Men may come, and men may go.

7. “For oh!" say the children, “we are weary,
And we cannot run or leap."

CAUTION.-Words or phrases qualifying the subject must not affect the number of the verb: thus

The sound of many voices reach my ear.

Incorrect: because the verb "reach" is plural, while its subject "sound" is singular. It should be, "The sound of many voices reaches my ear."

Special Rules under Rule II.

SPECIAL RULE I.—Two or more subjects in the singular connected by AND, and conveying plurality of idea, require a verb in the plural: as1. Gold and iron are metals.

2. Mary and Ida seem happy.

CAUTION.-When two singular nouns convey the idea of one person or thing, or when they are preceded by EACH, EVERY, or No (and are thus taken separately), the verb must be in the singular: as—

The soldier and statesman who secured our liberties were born in
Virginia.

Incorrect: because the nouns 66 soldier" and " statesman "denote one person (Washington), and hence should take a verb in the singular. But " were born" is plural. It should be "was born."

SPECIAL RULE II.-Two or more subjects in the singular connected by OR or NOR require a verb in the singular: as—

1. Either the man or his wife has stolen my watch-(not "have stolen my watch”).

2. Neither the day nor the hour has been appointed-(not "have been appointed").

SPECIAL RULE III.-Collective nouns require a verb in the singular when the sense is singular, and in the plural when the sense is plural:

as

The regiment was composed of many men.

66

We think of the regiment (though composed of many men) as forming one body. The sense is singular, and hence the verb was composed" is singular also.

F

The people were greatly displeased.

We do not think of "people" as denoting one body: it has the sense of many persons, each of whom "was displeased." Hence the verb is plural.

EXERCISE 40.

Correct these examples by Rule II., or the Special Rules or Cautions.

By Rule II.

1. What was you doing and where was you going?
2. Cowardice and treachery generally goes together.
3. Romulus and Remus was twin brothers.

4. Many who was slain lies in unknown graves.

5. Six months' interest are due.

6. Honor and shame from no condition rises.

7. The number of senators from each of the states are limited to two. 8. Nitrogen and oxygen united forms the air which we breathe.

By Special Rule I.-Caution.

1. Each book and each paper were carefully examined.

2. My friend and companion have often warned me of the danger. 3. No oppression, no tyrant reign here.

4. Bread and milk are good for children.

5. Every emotion and every operation of the mind have a corresponding expression of the countenance.

6. For a laggard in love and a dastard in war

Were to wed the fair Ellen of brave Lochinvar.

By Special Rule II.

1. When sickness or misfortune overtake us, the sincerity of friendship is tested.

2. A man's being rich or his being poor do not affect his character

for integrity.

3. Neither the man nor his son were present.

By Special Bule III.

1. The army were large.

2. The Board of Education have passed the resolution unanimously. 3. The Senate of the United States have adjourned.

4. The fleet have been scattered by the storm.

ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES.

Rule III. Adjectives and participles modify nouns or pro

nouns: as

1. Around the fire one wintry night

The farmer's rosy children sat.

2. The king, surrounded by his courtiers, proceeded to the palace. Model for Parsing.

the................

one..........

is a limiting adjective (or, an article) modifying the noun "fire," according to Rule III.

is a limiting adjective modifying the noun" night," according to Rule III.

wintry...............is a qualifying adjective modifying the noun "night," according to Rule III.

rosy...

..is a qualifying adjective modifying the noun "children," according to Rule III.

surrounded.......................is a participle modifying the noun "king," according to Rule III.

EXERCISE 41.

In the following sentences parse the adjectives and participles according to the model.

1. The singing birds have come at last.
2. Upon a barren steep,

Above a stormy deep,

I saw an angel, watching the wild sea.
3. At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks adorned the venerable place.