Systemic Planning: Theory and Application

achieve activities alternatives application approach basic budget cathode ray tube cell chief executives cities with high cities with medium city manager complex comprehensive plan computer graphics concept concerned constraints costs critical path critical path method cybernetics decision-making process demands determine Difference economic effective elements environment environmental form equifinality evaluation factors families feedback Figure form index formulation frequency of communication frequently functions future goals governmental heuristic high commitment scores high planning commitment identified innovative inputs involved level of planning line printer long-range mayor-council medium commitment Medium High Number objectives officials Operational gaming operations research organization output participation percent planner planning agency planning commitment scores planning directors political population possible PPBS system problem produce relationship relatively responses role sector simulation situation solution square mile suggested systemic planning process systems analysis Table techniques variables zoning