Slaughter-House Cases; see also his concurring opinion in Butcher's Union Company v. Crescent City Company; the Legal Tender Cases; the Confiscation Cases; the Sinking Fund Cases, involving validity of the Thurman Act; the Elevator Case, Munn v. Illinois; the Virginia Judge case, Ex parte Virginia; the Provost Marshal Case, Beckwith v. Bean; the Louisiana debt Case, Louisiana v. Jumel; the Virginia 'debt Case, Antoni v. Greenhow, and in the Attorney's Case, Ex parte Wall; the Telegraph Case, Pensacola Telegraph Company v. Western Union Telegraph Company; the Spring Valley water Case, Spring Valley Water Works v. Schottler, and in the Chinese Restriction Case, Chew Heong v. United States.

"Since he has been upon the Federal Bench he has held court in his circuit-consisting of the states of California, Oregon and Nevada-every year except two when he was absent from the country, although since 1869 he has only been required by law to sit in each district of the circuit once in every two years. In going and coming, and in his circuit, he travels nine thousand miles a year, the expense of which he is obliged to bear himself. When the circuit was created an allowance was made by law of $1,000 a year for his traveling expenses, but in 1871 this was cut off.

"Williams College, in 1867, conferred upon Justice Field the degree of LL. D., and under an election by the Regents of the University of California, he has held since 1869, a professorship of law in that institute. This professorship Justice Field resigned in 1885. He is now one of the Trustees of the Leland Stanford, Junior, University.

WILLIAM P. FRYE.

HE "Pine Tree State" has furnished some of the

THE

most eminent men in the history of the Nation. They have been distinguished in arms, law, statesmanship and literature. The reader will readily recall such names as Knox, Fessenden, Blaine, Longfellow and John Neal. Of the later generation William P. Frye, an eminent advocate and senator is worthy a place in the biography of great lawyers. His grandfather, was General Joseph Frye, a Colonel in the English army. When the colonies threw off the yoke of the mother country, he chose his portion with the struggling patriots, and rose to the rank of Major-General, in the Revolutionary War. For his eminent services in that great contest, he received a grant of land on which the town of Fryeburg is built and named for the veteran. His son, Colonel John M. Frye, was one of the early settlers of Lewiston. He was largely instrumental in developing the manufacturing industries of the place, and became its most prominent citizen. The repute which Lewiston bears to-day is due in a great measure to his talents, and the devotion of his energies to the place.

William P., his son, now United States Senator from Maine, was born in Lewiston, on the 2d of September, 1831. After attending the common schools of the region, he was graduated at Bowdoin College, in the class of 1850. Immediately after leaving college he entered the law office of the eminent William Pitt Fessenden, in Portland, as a student. He was admitted to the Bar in 1853, at the age of twenty-two.

Shortly after he commenced to practice, he formed at partnership with Mr. Thomas A. D. Fessenden, which continued until the death of the latter. Then Honorable John B. Cotton, now Assistant Attorney General of the United States, became a partner. Later Mr. Wallace H. White, a son-in-law of Senator Frye, was admitted, the firm now being styled, Frye, Cotton & White. The business of these several firms with which Senator Frye had been connected, was extensive and important. The present firm involves the business and affairs of the cotton manufacturing corporations, its mills constituting the principal industry of Lewiston.

Senator Frye was only nineteen years old when he was graduated by Bowdoin. Notwithstanding his extreme youth, he took an active and conspicuous position in the public affairs of his State immediately. Politically he affiliated with the Republican party and has been a zealous supporter of its principles from the beginning of his career.

Senator Frye is endowed by nature with a fine physique, magnificent voice, a logical mind and quick perceptive faculties. He early gained an enviable reputation as an advocate of ability. He is especially famous for the rapidity with which he is able to absorb and grasp the facts in a case, and the promptness with which he meets any new phase in its development. In the examination of witnesses he particularly excels, possessing that intuition which alone guides the practitioner through these very often perilous waters. The Supreme Court room of his native county, Androscoggin, has frequently been the arena of many a famous trial. As usual in all New England shire towns, these trials generally call out great numbers of eager listeners to the forensic efforts of the learned advocates. This was especially true when it became known that Mr. Frye was to talk to a jury, or was of counsel in an important suit. Many were the