ing-Senate for measures of defence-Resolutions in House against

war with France, and for restriction against arming-Washington to

McHenry, as to machinations of Democrats-Baldwin, Gallatin,

Nicholas, and Giles oppose policy of Hamilton-Harper in reply-

Hamilton advises a solemn communication by Adams on state of

affairs-His speech on territorial controversy of New York and Con-

necticut-Writes “The Stand "—Its character and purport-De-

spatches from envoys at Paris-Demands of douceurs by U. S.-

Talleyrand and Gerry-Refusal of envoys to pay money-Declaration

of confidence in their French party in U. S.-Threats of ravaging

American coasts-Spirit of the American people aroused,

CHAPTER CXLI.

Hamilton urged to accept the appointment of Secretary at War-Jay pro-

poses to appoint him Senator-He declines, reserving himself to a

greater emergency-Jefferson speculates on defection of people—

Deprecates Hamilton's genius-Solicits subscriptions for the Aurora

-Denounces the President-Talleyrand to Jefferson-Urges Madi-

son to reply to Hamilton-Madison's inconsistency-Attack upon

Jay-Jefferson alarmed at public feeling-Timorously urges Monroe

to take a seat in Congress-He does not comply-Burr moves memo-

rial against England's policy-Unfriendly conduct of England-

Hamilton as to her injurious conduct-Kosciusko sent on secret mis-

sion by Jefferson to France, and obtains passport for him under an

assumed name-Further despatches from envoys, giving violent de-

cree of France as to neutrals-Findley and Gallatin oppose their

publication, and prevail-Senate orders their publication-Giles

retreats from Congress Jefferson excuses the Directory-Comment

by Hamilton-Senate authorizes an additional naval armament—

Permission to convoy refused-Bill to increase navy passes-"De-

partment of Navy" established-Cabot appointed its head-A

regiment added to army-Authority given to purchase cannon and

ammunition-After much opposition a provisional army voted-

Act to accept volunteers passed-Hamilton's caution as to proposed

power to President to employ ships of war, offensively-Advises an

appeal to Congress-Bill authorizing reprisals passes,

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125

CHAPTER CXLII.

New demand of a reply by envoys-New requisitions of money by France

-Volney, messenger from Jefferson, sails for France-Mission of

Logan by Jefferson-His conferences in Europe-His memorial to

Talleyrand-Continued exactions by France-Commercial intercourse

with her suspended, and treaties with her declared void-Proposal to

issue letters of marque rejected-Presents of armed vessels to the

United States accepted-Merchant vessels authorized to defend them-

selves and capture their assailants-Supplementary Naturalization

Act-Proposed amendment of Constitution, eligibility of public

officers-Hamilton's more liberal view-New indignities by France-

Marshall returns-Public honors paid him-Talleyrand's specification

of injuries of the United States toward France-Disproofs thereof—

Disposition of France to treat with one of the envoys deemed most

friendly to France-Answer of envoys-Gerry remains in Paris after

Marshall's and Pinckney's departure-Livingston's resolution for an

address requesting President to instruct Gerry to negotiate and con-

clude a treaty with France, rejected-Addresses to and indiscreet re-

plies of President-The black cockade-Correspondence from France

with leading Democrats-Violent schism between envoys at Paris-

Foreign emigrants devoted to Jefferson-Irish emigrants, their

character-American Society of United Irishmen-Act concerning

aliens-Moderate view of Hamilton, and Alien Law modified-Collot

sails for France Incendiary presses conducted by foreigners—

Adams' prompt measure against them, and Sedition Act passed-

Hamilton objects to its severity and deprecates its impolicy-Sedi-

tion Act modified, limiting punishment and authorizing truth to be

given in evidence in prosecutions for libels-Tax plan of Wolcott-

Direct tax and tax upon slaves-Loans authorized-Provisional

army authorized-Its general staff-Volunteers to be accepted,

CHAPTER CXLIII.

Hamilton early proposes a Federal navy-Policy of Cabinet-Wayward-
ness of Adams-Jealousy of Washington-Declares against further
attempts at negotiation-Hamilton's comment upon him-His fluctu-
ating conduct-Hamilton intimates to Washington a journey through
Virginia and North Carolina to stay the apprehended influence of
Democrats, suggesting his taking command of army-Washington's

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reply-French partisans-Inquiries whether Hamilton would enter

the army, as a preliminary to his own course-Hamilton's reply-

Hamilton to King-State of public opinion-Misconduct of England—

Answer of King-Pickering to Hamilton-Hamilton contemplated as

commander of new army-Adams' hostility to Hamilton-His letter

to Washington contemplating his service in army-Washington's

reply, stigmatizing democratic leaders-McHenry to Washington-

Replies, stating as condition of his acceptance of the command, the

selection by himself of the general staff-Adams nominates him

Lieutenant-General, and states to him his motives for this procedure.

Washington states to Secretary of War the condition of his accept-

ance, giving list of officers, placing Hamilton at head of the general

staff-Accepts commission of Lieutenant-General-Adams assails

Pinckney-Jealousy of Treasury department-Pickering to Wash-

ington, urging Hamilton as second to him and chief in his absence-

Hamilton to Washington, urging his acceptance of chief command,

and proposes a visit by him to seat of Government-Washington to

Pickering, as to importance of Hamilton's services-Washington to

Hamilton-His selection of him, doubts as to Pinckney's consent to

be his subordinate-His regard to and course as to Knox-Pickering

urges Hamilton's acceptance of a commission-Reply, stating his

views-Answer-Jay urges Hamilton's appointment,
166

CHAPTER CXLIV.

Adams' conduct as to general staff appointments-Action of Senate-
Hamilton to Washington; is willing to submit his pretensions to
rank, and waive the preference-Adams leaves Philadelphia with-
out informing his Cabinet-Declines calling the generals into service
until rank is settled; unless Knox and Pinckney precede Hamilton
-Opinions of Washington by Adams and Jefferson-Washington to
Knox; his opinion of Hamilton-Knox claims preferential rank—
Washington to Hamilton, who avows readiness to facilitate any ar-
rangement-Adams insists upon right to rank according to antece-
dent services, thus placing Hamilton lowest-Self-contradiction by
him-Objects to a reference to Washington, and imputes intrigue-
Hamilton's delicate conduct-Secretaries of War and State to Wash-
ington, averring public preference of Hamilton-Adams' obstinacy-
Wolcott to Adams, as to Hamilton's priority of rank-Similar view
presented by Cabot-Washington's determination avowed to Secre-

tary at War-Urges Hamilton to suspend his decision-Cabot's dis-

trust of Adams-Hamilton's disinterestedness-Washington's decisive

letter to Adams, and high commendation of Hamilton; demands

Adams' final determination-Adams submits to Washington's will-

Knox declines an appointment-Pinckney accepts-Hamilton called

into service-Letter to Knox-Burr in view as Quartermaster-Gene-

ral; Washington's utter distrust,

CHAPTER CXLV.

Bonaparte sails for Toulon-Anxiety of Europe-Various opinions as to

his purposes-Insurrection of Ireland premature-Conferences at

Rastadt-Austria's alliance with Russia-Continued hostility of

France toward United States-Corps of consuls in their ports an-

nounced-Negotiations with Gerry, who favors a loan to France-

Pinckney's opinion of Gerry-Conferences with him terminated by a

peremptory order for his return to United States-France recedes

from her pretensions-Revokes decree for capture of American vessels,

and also her embargo-King to Hamilton, stating the subtle policy of

France-Hamilton as to public mind and the character of Adams—

Hamilton's view of policy of United States-Looks to conquest of Lou-

isiana and liberation of colonies of Spain-His resolution as to navi-

gation of Mississippi-Essential to the unity of empire-Dangers

of British acquisition of Louisiana and Floridas-Washington regards

as sole motive of war by France the acquisition of Louisiana-

Hamilton regards the acquisition of Louisiana and the Floridas as

essential to the permanency of the Union-Miranda discloses to

Hamilton his views as to liberation of South America-Hamilton

points to an ascendant of United States in American affairs-Miran-

da and Pitt as to South America-Montaigne, Montesquieu, and

Brissot look to liberation of South America-Miranda proceeds to

London and meets commissioners from Southern America-Plan

proposed by them, embracing cession of Louisiana and Floridas to

United States-Terms arranged with Pitt-Miranda addresses

Adams, and also Hamilton and King-King announces the purpose

of England-Hamilton again, in an official station, approves the

plan-Hostile position of Spain toward United States-Hamilton

incloses, through King, a letter to Miranda, stating his participation

must be patronized by the Government-States his plan of coöpera-

tion with Great Britain-His plan approved by England—Adams'

jealousy-Discountenances the projected measures,

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205

CHAPTER CXLVI.

Hamilton as to defence of New York-Meeting of Washington, Hamil-
ton, and Pinckney, at Philadelphia-Questions propounded by Wash-
ington-Answers drawn by Hamilton-Topics stated-Hamilton's
papers embrace a large view of military administration-Fluc-
tuations of Adams-Asks advice of Cabinet as to his speech-Is
a declaration of war against France expedient? Shall he state his
intention to receive a minister from France ?-Knox as to probable
invasion by France-Jay apprehends her domination comprehends
America, North and South-Hamilton elated with public firmness
and union-Nearer view of temper of Adams-His vanity and ca-
price-Urges obliteration by Pickering of censure of Gerry-Offend-
ed honesty of Pickering-Adams to Gerry-Murray to Adams,
announcing wish of Talleyrand a new envoy be sent to France--
Secretary at War urges Adams' presence at Philadelphia, who pleads
the indisposition of his wife-Gerry and Logan repair to him—
Adams convenes his Cabinet-His speech-Firm tone of replies by
Congress-Senate remarks indignity of Directory, passing by agents
of Government and impeaching its integrity through unauthorized
agents-Adams' undignified answer-His note to Pickering-The
speech chiefly in language of Hamilton-Madison's and Jefferson's
comments-Bill punishing citizens of United States usurping office
of treating with foreign countries-Law suspending commercial in-
tercourse with France reënacted, with provisional authority to re-
open it-Great Britain recognizes people of Hayti as an independent
nation-Discretionary power to reopen intercourse opposed by Nicho-
las and Gallatin; defended by Otis and by Pinckney-Edict of
Directory, a pirate every person forming part of a British crew
voluntarily or by impressment-Retaliatory bill passed-Bill grant.
ing bounty on French vessels captured by private armed vessels of
United States defeated-Gallatin opposes a navy-Hamilton to Gunn;
reply-Hamilton advises postponement of actual augmentation of
regular army, except of two troops-Increase of cannon authorized;
increase of provisional army; provision for clothing the militia, and
a loan-No reduction of existing force-Suppression of internal dis-
orders-Revival of act authorizing 80,000 militia; fortification of a
few cardinal points,

. 221

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