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Army of United States, its progressive increase Military establish-

ment fixed on Hamilton's plan-Provisional army-Act to augment

the army-Hamilton's plan for reorganizing the army adopted-The

rank of "General" created; also subordinate generals-His aim a

fundamental arrangement-The military power of the President de-

fined-Plan for organizing the militia-Trade with Indians-Manu-

factories of arms—)

-Regiment of sergeants proposed-Plan for issuing

military supplies-Recruiting system-Duelling discouraged-Power
of President in appointing officers-Special law authorizing filling
vacancies by President-Stoddert Secretary of Navy-His report for
its augmentation-Bill passed to augment it-Laws for establishment
of naval docks-Purchase of timber and government of navy-Gal-
latin attempts to limit interest on the loan to six per cent.; is de-
feated-Jefferson's comment-Hamilton recommends treasury notes
-Loan raised at eight per cent.-Jefferson absents himself from
Philadelphia until after Washington's departure-His letters dis-
seminating distrusts-Taylor contemplates a severance of Union-
Jefferson dissuades extreme measures; stigmatizes the Yankees;
denounces his opponents-Jefferson's confidence in unpopularity of
taxation-Would take from Government the power of borrowing-
Advises for the present declaring alien and sedition laws void-Cor-
respondence with other States-Kentucky resolutions-Right and
remedy of nullification-Committee of conference and correspondence
-Nicholas falls short of Jefferson's plan-Jefferson, at a late period,
under an injunction of secrecy acknowledges himself author of these
resolutions-Jefferson afraid of being prosecuted,

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Jefferson urges Madison to publish the secret debates of the Federal Con-
vention-Madison does not accede-Copy of Hamilton's first plan of
Constitution placed in hands of Callender for publication-Jefferson
to Monroe, as to disposition of France-Condemns commerce with
St. Domingo-As to a political subscription—Jefferson to Gerry;
states a falsehood as to his employment of Logan, and urges him to
violate his official secrecy-His letter to be secret-Washington's
interview with Logan-Indignation at Directory-England, her tone
firm-Naval victories-Austria firm-Directory alarmed-Hamilton
advises, if negotiation with France unsuccessful at a fixed period, a
declaration of war, power to Executive to occupy the Floridas and
Louisiana, policy also to detach South America from Spain-
Adams' purpose not to receive a minister from France, changes his
mind, and resolves to accept a minister-Transmits to House cor-
respondence, Gerry and Talleyrand, with a comment by Pickering—
King commissioned to treat with Russia-Smith envoy to the Porte
-Adams offended by rejection of Smith as Adjutant-General-No
orders given to recruit the army-Claims to be the patron of the
navy-Vigorous measures of Senate-Creation of rank of General-
Adams' fear of taxation-Jealousy of Washington-Violent temper-
Intrigue to induce him to institute a mission to France-Adams orders
a treaty and consular convention to be draughted preparatorily, and
without delay-Talleyrand's communications with Vans Murray-
Assurance an envoy would be received-Adams, without privity of
his Cabinet, nominates Murray envoy-Rejoicing of Jefferson-

Hamilton's comment-Tribute to Washington's character-Adams
announces this appointment-His reply-And disapproval-Hamil-
ton urges a commission to negotiate-Adams urged, but refuses to
withdraw the nomination-Senate resolve to reject it-Adams
yields, and nominates Ellsworth, Patrick Henry, and Murray, Com-
missioners-Henry declining, Davie is appointed-Adams appoints
an agent to St. Domingo-Wishes the independence of the French
West India Islands-Hamilton frames a plan for the government of
St. Domingo-Adams withholds from Washington the commission of
General,

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286

CHAPTER CL.

Discouragement of the Federalists-Democratic clamors-Efforts to con-
taminate the army-Insurrection in Pennsylvania-Hamilton ad-
vises vigor-The Governor of each State to be considered General of
its militia-Proclamation to insurgents, who submit-Hamilton orders
demarcation of Indian boundary-Federalists prevail in New York
election-Burr in Assembly, his artifices-Resolution tendering thanks
to Adams for mission to France rejected—Act for gradual emancipa-
tion of slaves-Virginia, its political theories and excitements-
French depredations continued-France orders her cruisers to attack
American vessels-Louisiana, Washington favors its acquisition by
arms-Pinckney charged with military affairs of Virginia, the Caro-
linas, and Georgia-Hamilton charged with the residue-Hamilton
orders Wilkinson to repair to Philadelphia-Interview with him-
Military condition investigated-Contingent capture of New Orleans
-Revolution in France-Unpropitious state of French affairs-Ham-
ilton as to acquisition of Floridas and Louisiana-Proposes separa-
tion of engineers and artillerists, which was made-System of tactics
for cavalry-Duties of Adjutant-General-Plan for organizing the
volunteers-Military supplies, allowances, and forms-Relative rank
-General courts-martial-System of drafts-Corps of engineers—
Corps of artillerists-Corps of invalids-Board of Ordnance-Super-
intendence of military stores-Adams' fluctuations-Urged to repair
to Trenton to consult as to suspension of the mission to France—
Hesitates as to departure of envoys-Decides to postpone it-Elec-
tion in Pennsylvania adverse to Adams-Convenes his Cabinet-In-
structions to envoys settled at midnight-Next morning, without
privity of Cabinet, orders the departure of the envoys-His opposite

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Hamilton to Washington, impolicy of the mission-Reply, disapproving it

-Hamilton to Wilkinson, pacific policy toward Spain-Urges econ-

omy-Jefferson urges acquiring of State influence-Madison elected

to Assembly of Virginia—Jefferson advises a position open to pro-

ceed to extremities or not-Change of views produced in him by dis-

sensions of Federalists-No looking to force-Monroe nominated by

Madison and elected Governor of Virginia-False vindication by

Madison-Callender announces his " Prospect before us," and is

associated with the State printer-Giles' proposal of instructions to

representatives of Virginia-His subsequent denial of right of in-

struction-Election by general ticket and by ballot in Virginia-

Each voter required to endorse his name upon his ballot-Electors of

President nominated by Legislature-Among them Madison, Giles,

and Taylor-General, State, and subordinate committees appointed

-Madison reports review of proceedings of States as to his previous

resolutions respecting alien and sedition laws-Jefferson gives him

an outline of topics, expressly reserving right of separation from the

Union-Madison's report-Laws proposed in Virginia-New taxes

imposed and measures to levy the militia en masse-Counter address

of minority-Madison's inconsistency-Instructions to Virginia sena

tors-Hamilton draws form of military contracts-Plan for organ-

izing Quartermaster's department-Regulations as to uniforms-As

to issues and extra allowances-General Pinckney at New York-

Codes of tactics-Democratic attacks upon the Cabinet to prepare

for its dissolution-Hamilton institutes a prosecution for a calumny,

and libeller punished-Congress meets-Speech of Adams-Hamil-

ton repairs to Philadelphia-Matures his plan of a military academy

-Its outline-Submits it to Washington-His reply, being his last

letter-Washington's death-Address of Adams and resolutions of

Congress-Oration by General Lee-Hamilton's order as to funeral

honors-Note to Pinckney-Letter to relict of Washington-Note to

Lear,

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