dotte announced-Adet prefect-Collot second-Urges instructions—

Proposes acquisition of New Orleans-States extended views of

France-Undervalues Pensacola and St. Augustine-Purchase of

New Orleans and Floridas authorized-Declined by Talleyrand-

Madison urged by Livingston for explicit instructions, and pre-

parations of force-Deposit at New Orleans of American effects pro-

hibited and communicated to Congress-Western excitement-Call

for information-President's reply, promising employment of just

and honorable means-Call for official documents refused-Hamilton

to Pinckney, state of public opinion-Cession of Louisiana-Pinck-

ney's reply-Randolph's tame resolutions-Griswold's resolutions,

asserting right to navigation of Mississippi, and inquiring as to neces-

sity of legislative measures, postponed-Randolph's passed-Monroe

envoy to France-Jefferson to Monroe-His limited and timid views

-His letter to Dupont-Project in France for dismembering and

occupying the Western territory-A servile and an Indian war pre-

dicted-Bonaparte's determination to accredit Bernadotte to the

United States, who was to command expedition to New Orleans-

Hamilton publishes "Pericles" to incite administration to vigorous

measures to acquire Louisiana-Resolutions by Ross, requiring Pre-

sident to occupy Island of New Orleans and supplying the means-

Doors of Senate closed-Jefferson's timidity-Debate in Senate-

Yazoo speculation,

CHAPTER CLXIII.

PAGE

. 595

State banks-Manhattan Bank-State Bank-Hamilton frames Merchants'
Bank-Wolcott-Restraining act-Corrupt legislation-Law as to
choice by people of Presidential electors defeated-Charter of city of
New York violated-Hamilton's speech at election-Jefferson's fears
as to Louisiana-Joint instructions to Monroe and Livingston-Their
scope-Madison to Pinckney-Approves previous mission of Jay-
Timidity of Jefferson's cabinet-Royal order of Spain-Right of de-
posit continued-Views of British cabinet-Jefferson as to friendliness
of England-Provisional treaty with her suggested-She announces
military precautions-Bonaparte avows the object of his intended ex-
pedition-Talleyrand to Livingston-England announces her inten-
tion to occupy New Orleans for benefit of United States-Her ulti-
matum communicated to France-Resolutions of Ross received in
Paris-Bonaparte's decision to sell Louisiana to United States-

Sale concluded—Monroe's limited views-Exposures of Jefferson-

Public exultations at purchase of Louisiana-Hostility to it of New

England-Hamilton's approbation of it-Acquisition of Canadas-

Livingston's cautions-Caveat by Spain-Jefferson commends France,

condemns Great Britain-Treaty with France-Opposition to admis-

sion of Louisiana into Union-Treaty ratified-Bill passed to carry it

into effect-Bill passed erecting Louisiana into two territories—

Power of Constitution over territories defined by Hamilton-Ordi-

nance of 1787-Effort of Indiana to suspend it-South Carolina re-

peals her law prohibiting importation of slaves-Specific duty on

imported slaves-Prohibition in act organizing Louisiana, of impor-

tation of slaves thereto from abroad, and of slaves from within United

States, imported since 1798, and of all slaves, unless the property of

persons settling there from the United States-Randolph and other

Democrats condemn terms of treaty of purchase-Jefferson avows

the treaty unconstitutional-Hamilton's larger view of treaty making

power-History of it-Hamilton's plan embodied in Constitution-

Statement of his views as to this power-Confirmed by previous acts

of United States-Statement as to power of incorporating foreign ter-

ritory into the Union-Hamilton and Jefferson contrasted as to

future of United States, .

CHAPTER CLXIV.

Impressment of seamen-Opposition to navy-Gunboats-Increased
taxes Treaty with Great Britain suffered to expire-Convention
with Spain-Report for encouragement of domestic manufactures and
increase of duties not acted upon-Bankrupt act repealed-Hamil-
ton's amendment to Constitution designating President and Vice-
President recommended by Congress-That as to choice by people of
Presidential electors, postponed-Jefferson's contempt for popular
voice-New Orleans delivered to the United States-Proscriptive
policy of Democrats-Jefferson urges impeachment of Judge Chase
-His motives-Failure of impeachment-Burr's treasonable opera-
tions Bill to suspend Habeas Corpus passes Senate-Defeated in
House-Jefferson's foreign policy stated-British aggressions-Timi-
dity of Jefferson-Non-importation act passed-Jefferson's advances
to Great Britain-Treaty with her concluded-Jefferson refuses to
ratify it-Assault by Great Britain-Efforts to obtain the Floridas
abroad and at home-Randolph's contempt for Madison-Douceur to

PAGE

635

France contemplated-Non-importation act continued-British ag-

gressions-Orders in Council-French decrees-Embargo enacted—

Servility of J. Q. Adams, who disavows desire of office and accepts

an embassy-France jeers at policy of Jefferson-Napoleon seizes

American vessels-Taunts by Great Britain-Army of six thousand

men called for-Enforcing act-Embargo repealed—Non-intercourse

act-Jefferson's sketch of his policy-His term of service expires-

Effects of his narrow policy stated, .

CHAPTER CLXV.

Hamilton disavows office, except in case of war-His legal education-

Crude state of American law-His professional distinction-Kent's

recollections-Service as a legislator-Return to the New York bar

-Settles principles of commercial law-Knowledge of civil law-Do-

mestic affection-Case of Le Guen-Christian religion-Case of

Croswell-His persecution-Trial for libel-Refusal to admit truth

in evidence-Conviction of libel-Case of Zanger-Common law

cherished in United States-Its binding force denied in Virginia-

Public indignation in non-slaveholding States,

CHAPTER CLXVI.

Argument on motion for a new trial of Croswell-Hamilton's vindication

of a free press-Kent's comments-Liberty of press defined-Right of

trial by jury-Truth to be given in evidence-Roman and English

law-Common law defined-Applied to United States-Real dangers

of liberty-Court divided-Bill concerning libels rejected-Bill pass-

es next Legislature, incorporating Hamilton's principles-His defini-

tion of libel embodied in an English statute-Calumny on Federalists

-Hamilton vindicates them in a correspondence with George Clin-

ton-Factions in Democratic party-Their violence and intolerance

-Hamilton's moderation-Kind interposition between Crugers

Absence of prejudices-Playfulness of temper-Gratuitous advocacy

of poor-Instances of professional success-Case of Weeks-Strict

integrity-Disdain of political prejudices-Rebukes party spirit-Tri-

bute to his eloquence-Brief on liberty of press-Right of trial by

jury-Truth to be admitted in evidence,

PAGE

670

695

. 722

CHAPTER CLXVII.

Jefferson's policy as to his opponents-Weakness of central power-

Jefferson's patronage exerted in Eastern and Middle States-Burr

proscribed-Clintonians and Livingstons cultivated-Rival gazettes

of Burr and Clinton-Burr denounced-Duel between Dewitt Clin-

ten and Swartwout-Testimonials of public estimation of Hamilton-

Assailed by Democrats-Burr denies imputed intrigues with Feder-

alists-Hamilton denies any personal knowledge of them-Rising

feuds among Democrats-Persecution of Judge Addison, of Pennsyl-

vania-McKean denounced-Political violence in New York-Duels

ensued-City of New York alarmed-Aristides by Van Ness-Burr

repelled by Jefferson-Thanks to Jefferson by House of Representa

tives-Friends of Burr appeal to public sympathies-He is nominated

as governor Jefferson nominated as President, George Clinton as

Vice-President-Distrust of Burr by Federalists-His deceptive

career-Lansing nominated governor-Conference of Federalists-

Hamilton's advice to prefer Lansing-Fear of dismemberment of

Union-Severance of Union contemplated and urged in Connecticut

-Same purpose shown in Kentucky and Virginia-Hamilton states

intrigues with Burr in that view-Increasing hostility to Jefferson-

Separation of Union indicated as consequence of acquisition of Louis-

iana-Its constitutionality denied-Project opened with Burr-

Plummer-Griswold-Burr's press advocates Northern interests-

Motives to election of Burr-Lansing declining, Lewis is nominated

governor of New York-Hamilton to King-He refuses to take part

in election-Is again assailed-Projected severance of Union dis-

closed to Hamilton-His avowed abhorrence of project-Letter stat-

ing interviews with Burr, and advocating separation of Union-

Address to people of Connecticut, condemning Hamilton's amend-

ment of Constitution-Jefferson looks to its adoption as ensuring his

election-Points to disunion as in contemplation-Burr defeated in

New York,.

PAGE

754

CHAPTER CLXVIII.

Hamilton's private life-Religious culture and convictions-Reading-
Solicitude for public welfare-Fête champêtre-Parties of Clinton
and Livingston-Burr's political position-Discontents in Connecticut

and Massachusetts-Slave representation denounced-Hamilton the
barrier to disunion-Burr solicits pecuniary aid through Hamilton-
His efforts to aid him-Meeting at Burr's-Hamilton to be chal-
lenged by him-The pretext-Burr's statement to Van Ness-Cor-
respondence of Burr and Hamilton-Interview of Hamilton and Pen-
dleton-Further correspondence-Pendleton to Van Ness-Reply-

. Hamilton challenged-His remarks-Challenge accepted-Hamil-

ton's remarks-His aversion to duelling-Reasons for accepting chal-

lenge-Dangers of a civil war-Hamilton closing his professional

duties-Burr practises with targets-Hamilton's devotion to the

Union-Dinner to Trumbull and Colonel Smith-Note to Sedgewick,

deprecating dismemberment of empire-Visits to Wolcott and Troup

-Note to his wife-Avows determination not to fire at Burr-Last

note to his wife-Proceeds to Hoboken-Is shot-Carried to Green-

wich-Partakes of the communion-Public feeling-Burr flees-

Hamilton dies,

PAGE

. 789