him through life, I have no hesitation in saying, that the man who knew and did not respect Robert Y. Hayne, had a heart and feelings not to be envied.

"In December, 1832, he was elected Governor of the State-a situation, as things then stood, in which he had everything to fear and nothing to hope.

"As Governor of the State, Mr. Hayne was very soon called upon to act. The proclamation of the President, issued on the 10th of December, in relation to the proceedings of South Carolina, reached Columbia in a very few days, and was met by a counter proclamation from Governor Hayne, expressed in terms of lofty defiance, on the 20th of the same month. The warlike aspect of these two documents, exhibiting on the one hand, a determination to put down South Carolina by force, and on the other, a resolution to resist unto death, very naturally excited an alarm for the safety of the Union, in all parts of the United States, which pre-disposed a majority of the people in favor of conciliatory measures. In South Carolina, preparations of the most vigorous and efficient kind were everywhere made for the defence of the State; and in these arrangements the Governor took an active and conspicuous part. The proceedings which took place in Congress, on the 2d of March, 1833, are too well known to need a recapitulation here. Suffice it to say, that the simultaneous passage of a bill modifying the tariff, and of one designed to enforce the collection of the revenue, put an end to the apprehensions of an approaching conflict between the Federal Government and the State of South Carolina, which induced the Convention, on the 15th of March, to enact an ordinance, repealing the previous one of the 24th of November. Of this Convention General Hayne was elected President at its second session, which commenced on the 11th of March, and closed on the 18th-General Hamilton having previously resigned. 'From this memorable epoch until the month of December, 1834, Governor Hayne continued in the Executive chair, though not without having subjects of exciting interest to demand his solicitude. The spirit of party in South Carolina had not been appeased by the settlement of the dispute with the Government at Washington. The predominant party were desirous of enforcing obedience to the State, in all future conflicts, by demanding an oath of allegiance, while the minority threatened resistance to any law which should be designed to exact it. In casting oil upon these troubled waters, Governor Hayne was mainly instrumental, by putting forth a proclamation enjoining obedience to the decision of the Court of Appeals, which pronounced unconstitutional a military oath enjoined by the Legislature, in opposition to the decided opinion entertained by the party in power. Perhaps to this wise and prudent course of the Governor may be traced that gradual relaxation of the spirit that urged the enforcement of an oath of allegiance, which subsequently terminated in the reconciliation of the two parties in the Legislature, commemorated by the almost unanimous election of Mr. McDuffie as Governor of the State, and the abandonment of the bill designed to exact an oath of allegiance.

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"On the fourth of July, 1836, he was elected President of the great Railroad Convention, then assembled at Knoxville, Tennessee, consisting of four hundred members, whose deliberations he presided over for five days, with ease, dignity, and a great despatch of business. On the organization of the Railroad Company, he was elected a Director, and immediately after, by the unanimous vote of the board, he was elected President, and continued in that high station to his death, which happened at Ashville, North Carolina, on the 24th of September, 1839, in the fortyeighth year of his age. To this, my great enterprise, his death has put a stop, at least for many years to come, but it must and will be accomplished.

"General Hayne had very extensive connexions, many of whom looked up to him for aid, and never looked in vain.

"The great leading trait, in the character of this great man, has been overlooked; it was the wonderful talent of controlling the actions of others, unfelt and unseen. They knew not the eye that directed, nor the hand that led them, but felt and fol

lowed the unseen guide, as if it were an act of their own volition. His death has made a chasm in South Carolina which they have no man to fill; there is no treading in his footsteps-not but what they have the talent, but the people have not the confidence. No man was ever so mourned in that State before; it was not the unequalled pageant that spoke their griefs, but it was the pouring out of their hearts upon the grave of their great and good friend, that told their tale of wo.

"For myself, I lost in him a long and tried friend, who was near and dear to me ; but as he was gathered to his fathers full of honors, and in the midst of his fame, he died as the great should ever wish to die. Let us not be deceived; it is for ourselves we mourn and not for him."

"WILLIAM LOWNDES.-It often happens that men pre-eminent for talent and for the possession and exercise of every manly and social virtue sink into their graves with scarcely a passing notice. The fate of the great and good man whose name heads this article is, incomparably, the most striking instance I ever knew of the kind. "William Lowndes was the third son of Rawlins Lowndes, by Sarah, his third wife, and was born in Charleston, S. C., February 7th, 1782. He went with his mother to England, at the age of seven years, where he had the benefit of the English Grammar Schools for three years, and then returned with his mother to Charleston, and commenced a classical education with the Rev. Dr. Simon Felix Gallagher, of the Roman Catholic Church, a man alike renowned for great learning, and the happy talent of communicating it to others; who once said, speaking of Lowndes, when a student, that his mind drank up knowledge, as the dry earth did the rain from Heaven.' Under the tuition of this eminent teacher, he continued until he entered the office of that distinguished lawyer and jurist, the late venerable Chancellor Des Saussure, to study law.

"In September, 1802, he married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Major General Thomas Pinckney.

"In 1804, he made overtures to John S. Cogdell, Esq., (who was just rising into notice at the bar, having then, recently been appointed City Attorney, the first appointment that was made to that office,) to join him in the practice of the law, to which Mr. Cogdell readily assented, until Mr. Lowndes, in the most delicate manner possible, gave him to understand that he would not receive any portion of the income of the office; that his object was, to serve Mr. C. To this the pure and highminded Cogdell promptly refused to assent, and would hear to no terms, but a perfect equality. Mr. Lowndes yielded to his wishes, and they commenced practice together under the firm of Cogdell and Lowndes. This was in March, 1840. The last week in September, or the first in October, the same year, there was a very. destructive storm, which did much damage to the plantations, and Mr. Lowndes, whose planting interest was extensive, suffered severely, so much so, as to make his permanent residence in the country necessary for some time. He took leave of Mr Cogdell and the office, remarking, that he feared he had not been of much service to him.' Their friendship continued unchangeable to Mr. Lowndes' death. Mr. Cogdell still lives, in the full enjoyment of health, vigor, and usefulness, as the President of the South Carolina Bank.' There are few better men, or more useful citizens, anywhere.

"In 1806, Mr. Lowndes was elected to the Legislature of his native State, in which he served two or three terms, of two years each. It was there that the great powers of his clear ciceronian mind, so conspicuous in all his after life, first began to display themselves in all their wisdom and beauty.

"In October, 1810, he was elected to the eleventh Congress, from Beaufort district, and continued in Congress until 1822, when the want of health compelled him to resign his seat in that body. When there, he spoke comparatively but seldom ; but when he did speak, he was listened to as the oracle of truth. There was nothing of the partisan about him; his language was so pure, and his statements and

deductions so clear and correct, that none pretended to dispute them. His sole object was his country, his whole country, and nothing but his country.

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'In 1818, or '19, I cannot say which, he went to Europe for the recovery of his health. I was there in 1820, and followed directly in his path. The first question put to me upon almost all occasions, was, 'do you know Mr. Lowndes?' I took pleasure in answering that I not only knew him, but had known him intimately from his boyhood. His greatness and goodness were the theme of every tongue. Mr. Roscoe related to me the following anecdote: Mr. Lowndes was a very early riser, and so arranged matters with the porter of the Athenæum, that he could have admission at an early hour-it was here that he whiled away the time until breakfast. One morning when he was thus engaged, another gentleman entered, and from attraction, or some other cause, they soon came in contact, and got into conversation together, neither having any knowledge of the other. They forgot their breakfasts, and were not aware how time had passed, until they found the great room, in which they were, rapidly filling up, when they separated still ignorant of each other's names. Upon 'change, some hours after, the Englishman met Mr. Roscoe, and related to him his morning interview with the great unknown,' and observed that he was the tallest man, and the most unassuming man he ever saw, and a man of the greatest intellect he ever heard speak. Mr. Roscoe immediately replied, 'it is the great American, Lowndes, you have been conversing with; come and dine with me to-morrow, and I will introduce you to him.'

Immediately after his resignation in 1822, he again embarked for Europe, accompanied by his wife and daughter, and died at sea, October 27th, 1822, in the 41st year of his age. Thus died a man who certainly left no superior, and very few, if any, equals behind him. That trait of character in which he excelled all his cotemporaries, was wisdom. It was the same trait of character, in a greater extent, which distinguished the Father of his Country from all other men, in all times. When Mr. Lowndes was applied to, to become a candidate for the Presidency, his reply was worthy of a Washington, and should be engraven upon the heart of every American: 'IT IS AN OFFICE NEITHER TO BE Sought for, nor deCLINED.' The answer shows him as he was-among the wise, the wisest; among the good, the best."

The following anecdote of Washington and Gouverneur Morris we have not met before :

"It has often been asserted by his intimate friends, and even by some of his biographers, that few men had the nerve to approach him with familiarity. The following anecdote, illustrative of this fact, I have often heard repeated, and its truth was confirmed to me by gentlemen in New York, who had the best opportunity of knowing.

"The late Gouverneur Morris, in conversation with some friends on this subject one day, when Congress sat in New York, and Washington occupied the house then in front of the "Bowling Green," denied the correctness of this opinion, and offered to test the truth of it at once, by joining him in the garden, where Washington was walking, alone and in their view. A bet was made, and Mr. Morris went immediately into the garden to decide it. He approached the President in the rear, and as he came up alongside gave him a familiar tap on the shoulder, at the same time addressing him familiarly with "how do you do, sir?" Washington turned his head and echoed back the question, with all that dignity which distinguished him from all other men. Morris was petrified; and returning to his friends, declared that nothing would tempt him to repeat the experiment. Although he had been for years in almost daily intercourse with this wonderful man, and supposed he might be approached like other men under similar circumstances, he felt his soul sink within him at the look and tone of voice with which his question was answered.

"For myself, I can only say, that I have stood in the presence of kings, and sat at table with princes, without any of those feelings of awe and reverence, which came over me like a summer cloud when in his presence, although then in the recklessness of boyhood.

*

*

"Washington's style of travelling comported with the marked dignity of his character; on the occasion above-mentioned it was as follows :-It was his general practice to enter a town in his chariot, and leave it on horseback. His post-chariot was drawn by four beautiful bay horses, and driven by postillions in blanket coat, liveries, jockey caps, buckskins and boots; while upon his right, on horseback, rode Colonel Lear, and on his left, Major Jackson: next came a light baggage wagon, drawn by two fine bay horses, driven by a white man in a round corduroy jacket, glazed hat, buckskins and boots; while faithful Billy brought up the rear, mounted on a fine blood horse, and leading the general's white charger, presented him by Charles the Fourth, of Spain. It was precisely in this style that I saw him enter Worcester, followed by a cavalcade of gentlemen on horseback. When he left it, the only change was that he mounted his charger and rode between his two secretaries, Lear and Jackson; while the empty chariot and the remainder of his equipage followed after, with troops of horse and cavalcades of horsemen, increasing as they went, until they arrived at Boston."

But can it be possible that living man ever addressed to him the expression related in the following ?—

"It is an extraordinary fact, that the life of no man, of any age or nation, who has risen to greatness, ever afforded so few anecdotes as his.

"One, however, I well remember to have heard frequently spoken of soon after it occurred; it was this: Directly after the British were compelled to quit Boston, which was besieged by Washington, with General Ward second in command, General Ward resigned his commission, which circumstance was thus spoken of by Washington, in a letter to Congress: 'no sooner is the seat of war removed from beyond the smoke of his own chimneys, than General Ward resigns his command.' "About the time of the organization of the government under the Constitution, General Ward was informed of this remark, and being elected to the second congress, soon after his arrival at the seat of government, (then New York,) he took a friend with him and called upon Washington, and asked him if it was true, that he had made use of such language. The president replied that he did not know; but he kept copies of all his letters, and would take an opportunity of examining them, and give him an answer at the next session. Accordingly, at the next session General Ward called again with his friend, and received for answer, that he (Washington) had written to that effect. Ward then said, 'Sir, you are no gentleman,' turned on his heel and left him, and here, of course, the matter ended.

"I have recently met with the confirmation of an important fact I had heard mentioned nearly half a century ago; but I do not know that it has found its way into any biography of Washington. It is this: that Governor Johnson, of Maryland, requested Mr. John Adams to nominate Washington for commander-in-chief; that Adams seemed to decline, and Johnson made the nomination. At a previous meeting of the New England delegation, to consult upon this subject, General Ward was agreed upon with the consent of every man present, but Mr. Adams, who dissented, and declared himself in favor of Washington. Great God, how often was the fate of this country suspended by a single hair? This was one of the numerous instances.

"When Ramsay wrote his biography, he sought in vain among the friends and neighbors of the illustrious dead, for those little incidents which so often enliven the page of the biographer.

VOL. VIII. NO. XXXIII.—SEPTEMBER, 1840. P

"In 1797, Lord Erskine wrote a book, in which he introduced the name of Washington, and sent him a copy, with a note to this effect, written upon a blank leaf of it: It has been my good fortune, through life, to be associated with the most talented and distinguished men of Europe; but you, sir, are the only human being for whom I ever felt a reverential awe, totally unlike anything I ever felt toward any other of the human race.'

The following reminiscences of Hancock and old Samuel Adams are not to be omitted :

"JOHN HANCOCK-The memory of this great patriot, statesman, and orator has been most grossly neglected. While hundreds, whose services in the cause of Independence were not a tythe of his, have been eulogized to the skies, and live on canvass and in marble, this great patriot's name but seldom finds a place even when celebrating that freedom he was among the very first, if not the first, to risk his life in obtaining. I have, for years, noticed this neglect, with feelings of unfeigned regret.

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Never was a man more beloved by any people, than Hancock was by the people of Massachusetts. With the exception of a single year, when Bowdoin was put in, he was, for sixteen successive years, elected their governor, and closed his patriotic and illustrious life in that high station. Hundreds of times have I seen him, when so worn out, and crippled by disease, that he could not stand, taken from his carriage into the arms of two faithful servants, (who regularly attended for the purpose,) and carried up to the council chamber, a distance of nearly fifty yards from the street. The last time he addressed his fellow-citizens, was the most impressive scene I ever witnessed. A town meeting was 'called, upon a question of great excitement. Old Faneuil Hall could not contain the people, and an adjournment took place to the Old South Meeting-house. Hancock was brought in, and carried up into the front gallery, where the Hon. Benjamin Austin supported him on the right, and the celebrated Dr. Charles Jarvis upon the left, while he addressed the multitude. The governor commenced, by stating to his fellow-citizens, that.' he felt,' it was the last time he should ever address them-that 'the seeds of mortality were growing fast within him.' The fall of a pin might have been heard, such a deathlike silence pervaded the listening crowd, during the whole of his animated and soul-stirring speech, while tears ran down the cheeks of thousands.

"The meeting ended, he was conveyed to his carriage, and taken home, but never again appeared in public-his death followed soon after. The corpse was embowelled, and kept for eight days, to give an opportunity to the citizens, from the most distant parts of the State, to render the last tribute of respect to his memory. They came by thousands and tens of thousands—the procession was an hour and a half in passing. The post of honor, among the military, was given to the Concord Light Infantry, under Captain Davis, the same who commanded them on the ever memorable nineteenth of April, '75. It was the most solemn, and interesting, and incomparably the longest funeral procession I ever saw. Samuel Adams, who was lieutenant-governor, became governor, ex-officio, by the death of Hancock, and followed the bier, (there were no hearses, with nodding plumes, in those days,) as chief mourner, but the venerable patriot could not endure the fatigue, and was compelled to retire from the procession.

"Hancock, as an orator, had no equal. He seized upon the passions of his hearers, and led them captive at his pleasure; none could resist. A gentleman who heard him deliver his great oration, commemorative of the massacre of the fifth of March, seventeen hundred and seventy, told me that the multitude who listened to it were wrought up to such a pitch of phrenzy, that a single sentence from the orator, calling upon them to take arms, and drive the murderers from their town, would have been at once carried into effect. Such was his control over them,