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References are to sections

759-765; and the World War,
873.

Cumberland Settlements, 302–303.
Cummins-Esch Bill, 787.
Cutler, Manasseh, 313, 315.

Connecticut, democratic ideal, 120; | Cuba, and Spanish-American War,
founded, 124; and Hooker, 125;
Fundamental Orders of, 126; early
franchise, 126; retained theocracy,
127; Dutch claims, 128; and New
England Confederation, 128 ff.;
Charter of 1662, 144; resists Eng-
lish control of militia, 186; west-
ern claim and cessions, 308, 311.
Connecticut Compromise, the, 344-
346.

Conservation, 835.

Daguerre, invents photography, 561.
Dakota, North and South, 726.
Dale, Sir Thomas, 33.
Dale's Code, 33.

Dartmouth College case, 355, 794.

Constellation, and the Vengeance, Davis, Jefferson, 494, 655, 700.

Debs, Eugene V., 811, 821.

410.
Constitution of the United States, Debt, Imprisonment for, after the

see Federal Constitution.

Constitutions, Revolutionary, State,
261, 262, 265–274.

Revolution, 326; in 1800, 440; in
1830, 549 and note; and the labor
movement, 550.

Continental currency, 282, 324; and Declaration of Independence, 258-

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Contraband of War, 400.
'Contract," inviolability of, and
Dartmouth College Case, 355.
Convention of 1818, on Northern
boundary, 501; of 1817, on dis-
armament on the Great Lakes,
502.

Conway Cabal, 283.

Cooper, James Fenimore, 556.

Copley, John Singleton, 441.
Cornell University, 733.
Cornwallis' surrender, 285.
Cotton, and Industrial Revolution,

436; and the Civil War, which see.
Cotton, John, on democracy, 89; on
life office, 93 and note; and Body
of Liberties, 101; on political rights
of clergy, 113.

Cotton gin, 436, 531.

County, see Local Government.
Cowpens, Battle of, 284.
Cradock, Matthew, 79, 84.
Crawford, W. H., 517, 518, 568.
Credit Mobilier, 716.
Crisis, The (Paine's), 264.

Critical Period," the (1783-1788),
322-329.

262, 263; and the States, 319.
Delaware, 132, 172 note.
Democracy, at Plymouth, 70; dis-
liked by Puritan leaders in Massa-
chusetts, 89; struggle with aris-
tocracy in Massachusetts, 87-102;
in Connecticut, 123-126; growth
in Revolution, 231; and Revolu-
tionary constitutions, 270-273;
and the "West," 180, 211, 231,
297, 298, 302; distrusted in Fed-
eral Convention, 338-339, 354-
356; and the ratification, 359; dis-
trusted by Federalists, 418-426;
movement toward resumed in
"revolution of 1800," 443 ff.;
and free land," 442; growth
about 1830, 527, 563, 564; opposi-
tion of older statesmen, 562; see
Labor; and new Western States,
563; Jacksonian and Jeffersonian
contrasted, 565; new political ma-
chinery of Jackson's day, 569-
573; more direct democracy of the
recent progressive movement, 803,
825-832. See Progressive move-
ment, Labor, Woman Suffrage,
War for Democracy.
Democratic party, origin, 520.
Dennies' Portfolio, rails at democ-
racy, 425.

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Dix, Dorothy, 560.

Donelson, Fort, 669.

29

1890, 744; 1892, 745; 1896, 747,
757; 1900, 831; 1904, 831 note;
1908, 835; congressional in 1910,
838; 1912, 841-844; 1916, 866;
1920, 902, 905.

Electoral College, 354; becomes a
form after development of party
government, 390.

Electoral Commission of 1877, 719.
Emancipation Proclamation, 680-

682.

Dorchester, 80 note; and democ- Embargo of 1807, 472; and New

racy, 104, 124.

Dorr's Rebellion, 600.

England treason, 478; and rise of
American manufactures, 506.

Douglas, Stephen A., 634, 639, 640, Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quoted, 254
651-654, 664.

Drake, Sir Francis, 17, 24.

Dred Scott case, 637.

Ducking stool, 192.

Dunmore's War, 300.

Dutch, in America, 132.

note, 255, 566; and the Trans-
cendentalists, 558; on Webster,
630; on Fugitive Slave Law, 631;
on John Brown's execution, 642.
Employers' Liability Laws, see Work-
man's Compensation Acts.

Dwight, Theodore, rails at democ- Endicott, John, 74, 75.

racy, 425.

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Education, in the colonies, 198, 199;
government aid in Survey Ordi-
nance, 313, 314; grant for State
universities, 315; in 1800, 441;
and labor movement, of 1830, 540,
549, 552; and Horace Mann, 553;
in the New West, 554; Higher
after 1830, 555; intellectual fer-
ment of the thirties, 556, 557;
after the Civil War, 733.
Eight-hour day, the demand for
since 1865, 813 a; and the railway
law of 1916, 814.
Elections, Presidential, 1788, 363-
367; Federalist disregard of peo-
ple's will in, 365; 1792, 388; 1796,
389-390; 1800, 419-425; 1804,
452; 1808 and 1812, 473 and note;
1816, 516; 1820, 516; 1824, 517;
1828, 562, 574; 1832, 578; 1836,
590; 1840, 594, 595; 1844, 597,
617-618; 1848, 626, 627; 1852,
633; 1856, 636; 1860, 651-654;
1864, 684; 1868, 706; 1872, 713;
1876, 718, 719; 1880, 735; 1884,
738; 1888, 740; congressional in

England, favored in America by
geography, 5; motives for coloni-
zation, 17-23; rivalry with Spain,
17; royal charters, 19; expan-
sion from 1660 to 1690, 132:
growth of colonial policy, 133;
commercial policy, 135 ff., 184,
185; English colonists become

66

O Colonial Americans," 178; gains
Florida and Mississippi valley,
182; attempts at colonial consoli-
dation, 186 ff.; see American
Revolution; and America in 1793,
399-407; the Jay Treaty, 404;
and arbitration, 405; and origin
of Monroe Doctrine, 504; and
the slave trade, 603; and the Civil
War, 685-691; and Alabama Arbi-
tration, 689, 712; and Venezuela
Arbitration, 758 c; and the World
War, 857 ff. See Washington
Conference.

Entail, in Virginia, 204 and note;
abolished by Jefferson, 444.
"Enumerated Powers," 346–347.
Episcopalians, and early
chusetts, 142, 145, 150.
"Era of Good Feeling," 516.

Massa-

Ericsson, John, 668.
Erie Canal, 495.

References are to sections

Erie, Lake, and French settlement, 15.
Essex Junto, 477.

Ether, see Anesthetics.

Evans, George H. and Frederick
545.

W..

Everett, Edward, 556, 557.

Factory legislation, 813 d.

Fall Line, the, 180.

v. Maryland, 512); and unconsti-
tutional legislation, 327, 352 b,
451; States and, about 1820, 513;
and Reconstruction, 710; and
legal tender acts, 711; and in-
dustrial and labor laws, 784, 794,
811, 813 a.

Federal Reserve Act, 845. See Bank-
ing.

Federalist, the, 358 note; quoted,
362.

Fanning, Edmund, and the Regula- Federalist party of 1787-1789, 358.

tors, 231.

66

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Farm loan law, see Rural Credits.
Farmer's "Non Partisan move-
ment, 816, 827.
Federal Constitution, see Federal
Convention; Connecticut Compro-
mise and result, 344, 345; enumer-
ation of powers, 346; implied
powers, 347; amendment, 347;
general welfare " and nec-
essary and proper," 348; appor-
tionment, 349; slavery, 350, 351;
judiciary, 352; electoral college,
353; checks and balances, 354;
franchise, 356; ratification, 357-
361; 'We the people," 365;
development of unwritten, in Fed-
eralist period, 363 ff.; implied
powers again, 381; 'Broad" and

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44

Loose construction, 381. See
Amendments.

Federal Convention at Philadel-

phia, events leading to, 333-335;
records, 336; make-up, 337; dis-
trust of democracy, 338-339; “
par-
ties in, 340; Virginia Plan, 342 ;
procedure and periods, 343; New
Jersey Plan, 343; compromises,
344-347.

Federal government, two types of,
332, 333 a.

Federal judiciary, in the Consti-
tution, 352; and Judiciary Act
of 1789, 372; partisan in 1800,
414 ff.; Judiciary Act of 1801 and
repeal, 421, 447; and the States
(Chisholm v. Georgia, 373; Elev-
enth amendment, 373; McCulloch

Federalists of 1792, 386, 387, 413,
414, 418, 419, 420; achievements,
425; fatal faults, 426; in War of
1812, 472, 479-483; final disap-
pearance, 483.

Federal Trade Commission, 846.
Fiat money, 327. See Paper Money.
Fillmore, Millard, 629.
Fitch, John, 459.

Florida, ceded by Spain to England,
182; Spanish, and northern bound-
ary, 407; acquired, 465; admitted,
624; and Texas question, 465.
See West Florida.

Foch, Ferdinand, 883.

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Foote's Resolution of 1830, 580.
Ford, Henry, and the war, 872.
Fourteen Points," the, of Woodrow
Wilson, 880; and the armistice,
886; and the German treaty,
901, 903.

Fourteenth amendment, 703; se-
ceded States required to ratify,
704; failure to protect political or
civil rights, 720, 721; protects
property interests from public
regulation, 794.

Fox, Charles James, 230, 287.
France, in America, 5, 7, 12; chief
rival of England, 13; advantages
in America, 14; causes of failure,
15, 16, 181; ceases to be an Amer-
ican power, 181-182; earlier in-
fluence in Canada on dependence
of England's colonies, 214; alli-
ance with America, 283; and
American territory in Treaty of
Peace in 1783, 289, 290; money

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INDEX

References are to sections

didate, 636; and slavery, 680.
French and Indian War, 181-182.
Fries' Rebellion, 412.
Frontenac, 16.

31

Frontiers, the successive, in Ameri-
can history, 180, 317. See The
West.

Fugitive Slave Law, of 1793, 383; of
1850, 629, 631, 632.
Fulton, Robert, 459.

Fur trade, and early settlement, 8,
66, 67, 68, 473.

aid in Revolution and after, 324; | Fremont, John C., Republican can-
French Revolution and American
sympathies, 395; and the Ameri-
can government, 396-398; in
Adams' administration, 408-411;
war," 410; Treaty of 1800, 411;
troubles preceding War of 1812,
470-473; in American Civil War,
686, 690; Napoleon III and Mex-
ico, 712 b; and the World War,
852 ff.
Franchise, colonial, in Plymouth, 69;
in Massachusetts, 95; in Connecti-
cut, 126; in Virginia, 157, 160-
162; Revolutionary State consti-
tutions, 270-272; in Vermont,
273; in early Western settlements,
298, 302; in new States in Federal-
ist period, 384 b; extension from
1789 to 1830, 563; opposition of
older statesmen, 564; results in
other political and social changes,
566. See Woman Suffrage.
Frankland, State of, 303.
Franklin, Benjamin, and first cir-
culating library, 198; and plan for
union, 213; on necessity of obey-
ing Stamp Act, 233; denies idea of
independence in March, 1775, 258;
and Thomas Paine, 259; in France,
283; and peace negotiations, 287,
289; in Philadelphia Convention,
337, 339; opposes limitation of
Federal franchise, 356.

Free land, and democracy, 442; leg-
islation to get access to, 541, and
see Preemption and Homestead;
disappearance, 776.
Free Silver,

753-757; question

passes away, 769.
Free Soilers, 627.
Free speech, denied in early Massa-

chusetts, 102; vindicated in Zen-
ger trial, 191; see Alien and Sedi-
tion laws; and Slavery, 610-612;
theory of, 819; and New York
expulsion of Socialists from As-
sembly, 819; attempts in Congress
to restrict after World War, 903.
Freedmen's Bureau, 696.

Gadsden, Christopher, 235, 258.
Gadsden Purchase, the, 623.
Gallatin, Albert, 443 note, 447; and
civil service, 448; Report
of,
456; and Treaty of Ghent, 476;
abolitionist, 609.

Galloway, Joseph, 250.
Garfield, James A., 735, 736.
Garrison, William Lloyd, 608.
Gaspee, the, 244.

General Search Warrants, and Otis'
speech, 216, 217; in Virginia Bill
of Rights, 262; in Federal "Bill
of Rights," 371.
"General welfare," clause in the
Constitution, discussed, 348; used

even by Jeffersonians, 461 a; and
by Calhoun in 1816, 492.
Genêt, French agent, 397.
"Gentlemen" in colonial times, 94.
Geography, influence on American
colonial history, 1-5; influence
after 1800, 428, 430.
George, Henry, 820; and Australian
ballot, 824.

George III, and American Revolu-
tion, 229.

Georgia, 187; democratic Revolu-
tionary constitution, 266, 270; and
slavery in Federal Convention, 351
note; and Eleventh amendment,
373; and education in 1800, 441;
nullifies the Supreme Court, 513,
586.

Germany, immigration from, in colo-
nial period, 179, 200; and after

· References are to sections

1848, 684; which saves Missouri
to the Union, 726; and Spanish-
American War, 761, 762; and
American policy in China, 771;
and Venezuela claims, 772; and
the World War, 852 ff.
Gerry, Elbridge, opposes democracy
in Federal Convention, 358; op-
poses ratification, 343; and Gerry-
mander, 573.
Gerrymander, 573.

Gettysburg, Battle of, 667, 668.
Ghent, Peace of, 476.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 20.

Gladstone, William E., on the Amer-

ican Constitution,

Civil War, 687.

Glavis, Louis, 836.

66

341;

'Gold Democrats," the, 757.

Gompers, Samuel, 806.

on the

Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 58, 84, 85,
86.

Gorges, Robert, 58.

Gould, Jay, 750.

the Treasury, 370; on inviola-
bility of State sovereignty before
Federal courts, 373; finance, 374-
378; leak of his plans and the
consequent speculation, 375; po-
litical value of assumption, 377;
and Whisky Rebellion, 378, 379;
and the Bank, 380; and implied
powers, 381; and organization
of the second Federalist party,
387; on arbitration, 406; and the
war of 1798, 409; and elec-
tion of 1800, 424 note; hero of the
Federalist period, 426; on democ-
racy, 425; and secession plots of
1803, 477; death in duel with
Burr, 477 note; and labor, 543
note.

64

Hancock, John, and Shays' Rebel-
lion, 328; and ratification of the
Constitution, 361.

Hanna, Mark, 757, 769.

Harding, Warren G., 902, 905.
Hargreaves, James, 529.

"Grandfather clause," 720 and note. Harlan, Justice, on Income Tax de-

Grangers, 782, 783.

Grant, Ulysses S., in Civil War,

669, 670; President, 706; reëlec-
tion, 713; corruption under, 714;
and the civil service, 734; attempt
at third term for, 735.
Greeley, Horace, and " protection,"

597; and right of secession, 659;
and election of 1872, 713.
Greenback party, 752.
Greenbacks, see Paper Money.
Grenville, George, 218, 200, 222.

Hadley, Arthur, on property and
the Constitution, 776.
Hague Congresses, 775.
Hakluyt, Richard, on colonization,
17, 23.

cision, 746; on the Interstate
Commerce Commission and the
Supreme Court, 785.

Harrison, Benjamin, election, 741;
and the civil service, 742; and for-
eign affairs, 758.

Harrison, William H., and Tippe-
canoe, 488; President, 594, 595.
Hart, Albert Bushnell, quoted on
War of 1812, 471, and passim.
Hartford, and democracy, 124.
Hartford Convention, the, 479-483.
Harvard, founded, 199; in 1800,
441.

Harvey, Sir George, 45, 46.
Hawaii, 758; annexed, 764.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 556; and
Brook Farm, 558.
Hay, John, 771.
Hayes, Rutherford B., 718, 719; and
the civil service, 734.
Hayne, R. Y., and debate with Web-
ster, 580.

Hamilton, Alexander, New York a
"sovereign," State, 319; attempts
to call Federal Convention. 324,
325; in the Federal Convention,
337, 338; distrust of democracy,
338; characterized by Maclay, Henry, Patrick, Scotch-Irish, 180;
369 note; becomes Secretary of and Stamp Act Resolutions, 234;

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