References are to sections
759-765; and the World War, 873.
Cumberland Settlements, 302–303. Cummins-Esch Bill, 787. Cutler, Manasseh, 313, 315.
Connecticut, democratic ideal, 120; | Cuba, and Spanish-American War, founded, 124; and Hooker, 125; Fundamental Orders of, 126; early franchise, 126; retained theocracy, 127; Dutch claims, 128; and New England Confederation, 128 ff.; Charter of 1662, 144; resists Eng- lish control of militia, 186; west- ern claim and cessions, 308, 311. Connecticut Compromise, the, 344- 346.
Daguerre, invents photography, 561. Dakota, North and South, 726. Dale, Sir Thomas, 33. Dale's Code, 33.
Dartmouth College case, 355, 794.
Constellation, and the Vengeance, Davis, Jefferson, 494, 655, 700.
Debs, Eugene V., 811, 821.
410. Constitution of the United States, Debt, Imprisonment for, after the
see Federal Constitution.
Constitutions, Revolutionary, State, 261, 262, 265–274.
Revolution, 326; in 1800, 440; in 1830, 549 and note; and the labor movement, 550.
Continental currency, 282, 324; and Declaration of Independence, 258-
Contraband of War, 400. 'Contract," inviolability of, and Dartmouth College Case, 355. Convention of 1818, on Northern boundary, 501; of 1817, on dis- armament on the Great Lakes, 502.
Conway Cabal, 283.
Cooper, James Fenimore, 556.
Copley, John Singleton, 441. Cornell University, 733. Cornwallis' surrender, 285. Cotton, and Industrial Revolution,
436; and the Civil War, which see. Cotton, John, on democracy, 89; on life office, 93 and note; and Body of Liberties, 101; on political rights of clergy, 113.
Cotton gin, 436, 531.
County, see Local Government. Cowpens, Battle of, 284. Cradock, Matthew, 79, 84. Crawford, W. H., 517, 518, 568. Credit Mobilier, 716. Crisis, The (Paine's), 264.
Critical Period," the (1783-1788), 322-329.
262, 263; and the States, 319. Delaware, 132, 172 note. Democracy, at Plymouth, 70; dis- liked by Puritan leaders in Massa- chusetts, 89; struggle with aris- tocracy in Massachusetts, 87-102; in Connecticut, 123-126; growth in Revolution, 231; and Revolu- tionary constitutions, 270-273; and the "West," 180, 211, 231, 297, 298, 302; distrusted in Fed- eral Convention, 338-339, 354- 356; and the ratification, 359; dis- trusted by Federalists, 418-426; movement toward resumed in "revolution of 1800," 443 ff.; and free land," 442; growth about 1830, 527, 563, 564; opposi- tion of older statesmen, 562; see Labor; and new Western States, 563; Jacksonian and Jeffersonian contrasted, 565; new political ma- chinery of Jackson's day, 569- 573; more direct democracy of the recent progressive movement, 803, 825-832. See Progressive move- ment, Labor, Woman Suffrage, War for Democracy. Democratic party, origin, 520. Dennies' Portfolio, rails at democ- racy, 425.
Dix, Dorothy, 560.
Donelson, Fort, 669.
1890, 744; 1892, 745; 1896, 747, 757; 1900, 831; 1904, 831 note; 1908, 835; congressional in 1910, 838; 1912, 841-844; 1916, 866; 1920, 902, 905.
Electoral College, 354; becomes a form after development of party government, 390.
Electoral Commission of 1877, 719. Emancipation Proclamation, 680-
Dorchester, 80 note; and democ- Embargo of 1807, 472; and New
England treason, 478; and rise of American manufactures, 506.
Douglas, Stephen A., 634, 639, 640, Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quoted, 254 651-654, 664.
Drake, Sir Francis, 17, 24.
note, 255, 566; and the Trans- cendentalists, 558; on Webster, 630; on Fugitive Slave Law, 631; on John Brown's execution, 642. Employers' Liability Laws, see Work- man's Compensation Acts.
Dwight, Theodore, rails at democ- Endicott, John, 74, 75.
Education, in the colonies, 198, 199; government aid in Survey Ordi- nance, 313, 314; grant for State universities, 315; in 1800, 441; and labor movement, of 1830, 540, 549, 552; and Horace Mann, 553; in the New West, 554; Higher after 1830, 555; intellectual fer- ment of the thirties, 556, 557; after the Civil War, 733. Eight-hour day, the demand for since 1865, 813 a; and the railway law of 1916, 814. Elections, Presidential, 1788, 363- 367; Federalist disregard of peo- ple's will in, 365; 1792, 388; 1796, 389-390; 1800, 419-425; 1804, 452; 1808 and 1812, 473 and note; 1816, 516; 1820, 516; 1824, 517; 1828, 562, 574; 1832, 578; 1836, 590; 1840, 594, 595; 1844, 597, 617-618; 1848, 626, 627; 1852, 633; 1856, 636; 1860, 651-654; 1864, 684; 1868, 706; 1872, 713; 1876, 718, 719; 1880, 735; 1884, 738; 1888, 740; congressional in
England, favored in America by geography, 5; motives for coloni- zation, 17-23; rivalry with Spain, 17; royal charters, 19; expan- sion from 1660 to 1690, 132: growth of colonial policy, 133; commercial policy, 135 ff., 184, 185; English colonists become
O Colonial Americans," 178; gains Florida and Mississippi valley, 182; attempts at colonial consoli- dation, 186 ff.; see American Revolution; and America in 1793, 399-407; the Jay Treaty, 404; and arbitration, 405; and origin of Monroe Doctrine, 504; and the slave trade, 603; and the Civil War, 685-691; and Alabama Arbi- tration, 689, 712; and Venezuela Arbitration, 758 c; and the World War, 857 ff. See Washington Conference.
Entail, in Virginia, 204 and note; abolished by Jefferson, 444. "Enumerated Powers," 346–347. Episcopalians, and early chusetts, 142, 145, 150. "Era of Good Feeling," 516.
Ericsson, John, 668. Erie Canal, 495.
References are to sections
Erie, Lake, and French settlement, 15. Essex Junto, 477.
Ether, see Anesthetics.
Evans, George H. and Frederick 545.
Everett, Edward, 556, 557.
Factory legislation, 813 d.
v. Maryland, 512); and unconsti- tutional legislation, 327, 352 b, 451; States and, about 1820, 513; and Reconstruction, 710; and legal tender acts, 711; and in- dustrial and labor laws, 784, 794, 811, 813 a.
Federal Reserve Act, 845. See Bank- ing.
Federalist, the, 358 note; quoted, 362.
Fanning, Edmund, and the Regula- Federalist party of 1787-1789, 358.
Farm loan law, see Rural Credits. Farmer's "Non Partisan move- ment, 816, 827. Federal Constitution, see Federal Convention; Connecticut Compro- mise and result, 344, 345; enumer- ation of powers, 346; implied powers, 347; amendment, 347; general welfare " and nec- essary and proper," 348; appor- tionment, 349; slavery, 350, 351; judiciary, 352; electoral college, 353; checks and balances, 354; franchise, 356; ratification, 357- 361; 'We the people," 365; development of unwritten, in Fed- eralist period, 363 ff.; implied powers again, 381; 'Broad" and
Loose construction, 381. See Amendments.
Federal Convention at Philadel-
phia, events leading to, 333-335; records, 336; make-up, 337; dis- trust of democracy, 338-339; “ par- ties in, 340; Virginia Plan, 342 ; procedure and periods, 343; New Jersey Plan, 343; compromises, 344-347.
Federal government, two types of, 332, 333 a.
Federal judiciary, in the Consti- tution, 352; and Judiciary Act of 1789, 372; partisan in 1800, 414 ff.; Judiciary Act of 1801 and repeal, 421, 447; and the States (Chisholm v. Georgia, 373; Elev- enth amendment, 373; McCulloch
Federalists of 1792, 386, 387, 413, 414, 418, 419, 420; achievements, 425; fatal faults, 426; in War of 1812, 472, 479-483; final disap- pearance, 483.
Federal Trade Commission, 846. Fiat money, 327. See Paper Money. Fillmore, Millard, 629. Fitch, John, 459.
Florida, ceded by Spain to England, 182; Spanish, and northern bound- ary, 407; acquired, 465; admitted, 624; and Texas question, 465. See West Florida.
Foch, Ferdinand, 883.
Foote's Resolution of 1830, 580. Ford, Henry, and the war, 872. Fourteen Points," the, of Woodrow Wilson, 880; and the armistice, 886; and the German treaty, 901, 903.
Fourteenth amendment, 703; se- ceded States required to ratify, 704; failure to protect political or civil rights, 720, 721; protects property interests from public regulation, 794.
Fox, Charles James, 230, 287. France, in America, 5, 7, 12; chief rival of England, 13; advantages in America, 14; causes of failure, 15, 16, 181; ceases to be an Amer- ican power, 181-182; earlier in- fluence in Canada on dependence of England's colonies, 214; alli- ance with America, 283; and American territory in Treaty of Peace in 1783, 289, 290; money
References are to sections
didate, 636; and slavery, 680. French and Indian War, 181-182. Fries' Rebellion, 412. Frontenac, 16.
Frontiers, the successive, in Ameri- can history, 180, 317. See The West.
Fugitive Slave Law, of 1793, 383; of 1850, 629, 631, 632. Fulton, Robert, 459.
Fur trade, and early settlement, 8, 66, 67, 68, 473.
aid in Revolution and after, 324; | Fremont, John C., Republican can- French Revolution and American sympathies, 395; and the Ameri- can government, 396-398; in Adams' administration, 408-411; war," 410; Treaty of 1800, 411; troubles preceding War of 1812, 470-473; in American Civil War, 686, 690; Napoleon III and Mex- ico, 712 b; and the World War, 852 ff. Franchise, colonial, in Plymouth, 69; in Massachusetts, 95; in Connecti- cut, 126; in Virginia, 157, 160- 162; Revolutionary State consti- tutions, 270-272; in Vermont, 273; in early Western settlements, 298, 302; in new States in Federal- ist period, 384 b; extension from 1789 to 1830, 563; opposition of older statesmen, 564; results in other political and social changes, 566. See Woman Suffrage. Frankland, State of, 303. Franklin, Benjamin, and first cir- culating library, 198; and plan for union, 213; on necessity of obey- ing Stamp Act, 233; denies idea of independence in March, 1775, 258; and Thomas Paine, 259; in France, 283; and peace negotiations, 287, 289; in Philadelphia Convention, 337, 339; opposes limitation of Federal franchise, 356.
Free land, and democracy, 442; leg- islation to get access to, 541, and see Preemption and Homestead; disappearance, 776. Free Silver,
753-757; question
passes away, 769. Free Soilers, 627. Free speech, denied in early Massa-
chusetts, 102; vindicated in Zen- ger trial, 191; see Alien and Sedi- tion laws; and Slavery, 610-612; theory of, 819; and New York expulsion of Socialists from As- sembly, 819; attempts in Congress to restrict after World War, 903. Freedmen's Bureau, 696.
Gadsden, Christopher, 235, 258. Gadsden Purchase, the, 623. Gallatin, Albert, 443 note, 447; and civil service, 448; Report of, 456; and Treaty of Ghent, 476; abolitionist, 609.
Galloway, Joseph, 250. Garfield, James A., 735, 736. Garrison, William Lloyd, 608. Gaspee, the, 244.
General Search Warrants, and Otis' speech, 216, 217; in Virginia Bill of Rights, 262; in Federal "Bill of Rights," 371. "General welfare," clause in the Constitution, discussed, 348; used
even by Jeffersonians, 461 a; and by Calhoun in 1816, 492. Genêt, French agent, 397. "Gentlemen" in colonial times, 94. Geography, influence on American colonial history, 1-5; influence after 1800, 428, 430. George, Henry, 820; and Australian ballot, 824.
George III, and American Revolu- tion, 229.
Georgia, 187; democratic Revolu- tionary constitution, 266, 270; and slavery in Federal Convention, 351 note; and Eleventh amendment, 373; and education in 1800, 441; nullifies the Supreme Court, 513, 586.
Germany, immigration from, in colo- nial period, 179, 200; and after
· References are to sections
1848, 684; which saves Missouri to the Union, 726; and Spanish- American War, 761, 762; and American policy in China, 771; and Venezuela claims, 772; and the World War, 852 ff. Gerry, Elbridge, opposes democracy in Federal Convention, 358; op- poses ratification, 343; and Gerry- mander, 573. Gerrymander, 573.
Gettysburg, Battle of, 667, 668. Ghent, Peace of, 476.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 20.
Gladstone, William E., on the Amer-
ican Constitution,
Civil War, 687.
'Gold Democrats," the, 757.
Gompers, Samuel, 806.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 58, 84, 85, 86.
Gorges, Robert, 58.
the Treasury, 370; on inviola- bility of State sovereignty before Federal courts, 373; finance, 374- 378; leak of his plans and the consequent speculation, 375; po- litical value of assumption, 377; and Whisky Rebellion, 378, 379; and the Bank, 380; and implied powers, 381; and organization of the second Federalist party, 387; on arbitration, 406; and the war of 1798, 409; and elec- tion of 1800, 424 note; hero of the Federalist period, 426; on democ- racy, 425; and secession plots of 1803, 477; death in duel with Burr, 477 note; and labor, 543 note.
Hancock, John, and Shays' Rebel- lion, 328; and ratification of the Constitution, 361.
Hanna, Mark, 757, 769.
Harding, Warren G., 902, 905. Hargreaves, James, 529.
"Grandfather clause," 720 and note. Harlan, Justice, on Income Tax de-
Grangers, 782, 783.
Grant, Ulysses S., in Civil War,
669, 670; President, 706; reëlec- tion, 713; corruption under, 714; and the civil service, 734; attempt at third term for, 735. Greeley, Horace, and " protection,"
597; and right of secession, 659; and election of 1872, 713. Greenback party, 752. Greenbacks, see Paper Money. Grenville, George, 218, 200, 222.
Hadley, Arthur, on property and the Constitution, 776. Hague Congresses, 775. Hakluyt, Richard, on colonization, 17, 23.
cision, 746; on the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Supreme Court, 785.
Harrison, Benjamin, election, 741; and the civil service, 742; and for- eign affairs, 758.
Harrison, William H., and Tippe- canoe, 488; President, 594, 595. Hart, Albert Bushnell, quoted on War of 1812, 471, and passim. Hartford, and democracy, 124. Hartford Convention, the, 479-483. Harvard, founded, 199; in 1800, 441.
Harvey, Sir George, 45, 46. Hawaii, 758; annexed, 764. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 556; and Brook Farm, 558. Hay, John, 771. Hayes, Rutherford B., 718, 719; and the civil service, 734. Hayne, R. Y., and debate with Web- ster, 580.
Hamilton, Alexander, New York a "sovereign," State, 319; attempts to call Federal Convention. 324, 325; in the Federal Convention, 337, 338; distrust of democracy, 338; characterized by Maclay, Henry, Patrick, Scotch-Irish, 180; 369 note; becomes Secretary of and Stamp Act Resolutions, 234;
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