and religious freedom, 262 note;
"I am an American," 323; op-
poses call for Federal Convention,
335; opposes ratification of Con-
stitution, 362.

Hepburn Act, the, 786.

Higginson, Francis, 75, 81; de-

nounces Separatists, 109.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 609,
632.

High Cost of Living, 749.

Holy Alliance, and the Monroe Doc-
trine, 504.

Homestead law, called for by labor
party in 1830, 541; vetoed by Bu-
chanan, 641; passed in 1862, 677;
and Reconstruction, 695.
Hooker, Thomas, denounces Sepa-
ratists, 109; apostle of democracy,
120, 125; suggests New England
Confederation, 128.

Hoover, Herbert C., 891, 905.
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, and
importance, 488.
Houston, Sam," 615.

3833

ican War, 768; in election of
1900, 769; and world trade,
848 ff.; and menace of war,
850-285.

"Implied powers," 347, 381.
Impressment of American seamen
by England and France, 401, 402,
404, 473 and note; not mentioned
in Treaty of Ghent, 476.
Imprisonment for debt, see Debt.
Income Tax, of 1862, 673; of 1893,
745; nullified by Supreme Court,
746; and Sixteenth amendment,
841; and laws of 1913 and 1916,
846; of 1917, 871.

Indentured servants, see Servants.
Independence, see Declaration of
Independence.

Independent Treasury plan, 591.
Indiana, Territory, 316; State, 498;
State system of schools, 554.
Indians, east of Mississippi, 6; num-
bers, ib.; influence on European
settlement, 7, 8, 15; and the Revo-
lution, 284 note; and War of 1812,
488.

Industrial development, early col-
onial, 3, 8; in Virginia, 27, 33, 35,
39-41, 159, 163; in Plymouth, 66–
68; in Massachusetts Bay, 83;
eighteenth century, 201-208; in
1800, 435-438; affected by War of
1812, 487; Industrial Revolution,
527-552; domestic system be-
comes factory and capitalist sys-
tem, 534; and labor movement,
1825-1837, 527-551; and mechan-
ical inventions of 1830-1850, 561;
and railway, 562; and farm ma-
chinery about 1850, 644; in 1860,
643-648; after 1865, 730. See
Big Business," Trusts, Labor,
Tariffs, Manufactures.
Industrial panics, see Panics.
Industrial Revolution, the, 435, 527-
552; spread of, 848.

66

Industrial Workers of the World
(I. W. W.), 818, 819.
Industry in common, in early Vir-
ginia, 27; in Plymouth, 67.

Initiative, the, in legislation, 827.
Injunction, "Government by," 811.
Interlocking directorates, 791, 845.
Internal improvements, in Feder-
alist administrations, 454; and
Jefferson, 453 ff.; National Road,
455, 491; after War of 1812,
492 ff.; vetoes of Madison and
Monroe, 492; and J. Q. Adams,
519; and political parties, 520.
International law, defined, 399 note;
questions at issue, in 1793, 400-
403; in 1915-1917, 858 ff.
Interstate Commerce Commission,
784; and Supreme Court, 785; and
Hepburn Act,786; Commerce Court
hampers Interstate Commerce
Commission. Footnote, p. 654.
Inventions, mechanical, in early
Massachusetts, 83; American gen-
ius for, 442; leading to the Indus-
trial Revolution, 529-532; in
1830-1850, 561; and railway, 562;
in farm machinery about 1850,
644. See Steamboat, Railway, Bes-
semer Steel, etc.

Iowa, 624.

Ipswich, and Andros, 150.
Iron manufactures, colonial, 83;
restricted by Navigation Acts, 184;
and Industrial Revolution, 522;
and use of anthracite, 561; in the
New South, 727.
Iroquois, 5-7, 15.

Jackson, Andrew, at New Orleans,

475; at Horseshoe Bend, 488; and
tariff of 1828, 511; campaign of
1824, 517; election in 1828, 527,
563, 574; Jacksonian democracy,
565; the man and his earlier ca-
reer, 567; spoils system, 568; and
the veto, 568; problem of his ad-
ministration, 574; and the leaders,
575; and the Bank, 576-578, 586-
587; reëlection, 578; and the nul-
lifiers, 579-585; and "pet banks,"
586; and specie circular, 589.
Jacksonian democracy, contrasted
with Jeffersonian, 565.

Jamaica, English colony, 133; im-
portance, 138; and Sugar Act,
185.

James I, 22, 25, 42, 43; and attempt
at personal rule in Virginia, 45;
and the Pilgrims, 63.

James II, and New England, 148 ff.
Jamestown, 26; a plantation colony,
27; suffering, 28; burned in Ba-
con's Rebellion, 160.

Japan, and World War, 859; and
Washington Conference, 903 ff.
See Versailles Peace Congress.
Jay, John, a "moderate" in First
Continental Congress, 250; rejects
idea of independence in September,
1775, 258; and peace negotiations
in 1783, 287, 289. See Jay's
Treaty.

66

Jay's Treaty, 404, 405; and inter-
national arbitration, 406.
Jefferson, Thomas, on Independ-
ence, in September of 1775, 258;
drafts Declaration of, 263; on new
State governments, 264; suggests
referendum on Virginia constitu-
tion, 265; presents to Congress
Virginia's cession of the West, 312;
draws Ordinance of 1784, ib.;
draws Survey Ordinance, 314; on
titles, 368; Secretary of State,
370; and Hamilton's assump-
tion," 376, 377; and "strict con-
struction," 381; a "Federalist
in 1789, 385; contentions with
Hamilton, 387; organizes Re-
publican party, 387; Vice Presi-
dent, 389; and Alien and Sedition
laws, 415 note; and Kentucky
Resolutions, 415 note; Presi-
dential election, 419, 423, 424;
terror of Federalists at, 426; the
man, 443; career before 1800,
444, 445; Americanism, 444, 446;
political principles, 446; election in
1800 a "revolution," 447; repub-
lican simplicity, 447; specific appro-
priations, 447; and the civil serv-
ice, 448; and the courts, 449-
451; reëlection, 452; establishes

two-term principle, 452; centrali-
zation in second term, 453; and
internal improvements, 454-456;
and Louisiana Purchase, 460; and
Western exploration, 466-469;
and foreign relations, 470-472;
impoverished by industrial changes
after War of 1812, 487 note; and
genesis of Monroe Doctrine, 504
note.

Johns Hopkins University, 733.
Johnson, Andrew, and the early
labor movement, 547; introduces
first Homestead bill, 641; Presi-
dent, 700; and Reconstruction,
700 ff.; impeachment, 705.
Johnson, Hiram W., 823; and elec-
tion of 1916, 862.

Judiciary, see Federal Judiciary.
Jury trial, in early Virginia, 37; de-
velopment of, in early Massachu-
setts, 100.

35

Labor, wages fixed by aristocratic
government in colonial Massachu-
setts, 87; conditions in 1775, 201;
see Servants; and the Revolution,
231 c, 253, 265 note; in 1800, 438,
442; the first organized move-
ment " of, in 1825-1837, 527 ff.;
see Industrial Revolution; the
long day, 539, 551; child labor,
539; and free schools, 540, 547-
552;
unions, 542; and strikes,
540 ff.; and "society," 543; and
the courts, 544; and the press,
545; political organization, 548;
failure in the panic of 1837, 546;
aims, 547; man and the dollar,"
550; in 1850-1860, 643; since
1865, 804 ff.; organization, 804-
806; strikes, 807-812; govern-
ment by injunction, 811; and
violence, 812; gains by legislation,
813 ff.; the eight-hour day, 814,
815; the "closed shop," 815; and
the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 845;
and the World War, 872.
Lafayette, 283.

66

Lewis and Clark Explorations, 467,

468.

Lexington, Battle of, 255.
Liberia, 602.

Liberty party, 618.
Lincoln, Abraham, youth, 494; on
Supreme Court and Dred Scott
case, 638; debate with Douglas,
639; presidential nomination, 651;
election, 652-654; inaugural, 661;
policy, 662; and the spoils system,
663; and Fort Sumter, 663; call
for volunteers, 664; and Fremont,
680; recommends gradual eman-
cipation, with compensation, 681;
Emancipation Proclamation, 682;
reëlection, 684; murder, 694; and
reconstruction, 698-699; and Ne-
gro franchise, 702 note.

Livingston, Robert R., 460, 463.
"Living wage for women, 813 a.
Lloyd George, David, 896.
Local government, development in
early
Massachusetts, 103-108;
New England town and Virginia
county, 167.

Loco-Focos, 548, 551.

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 738.

London Company, 22-25, 32-38,
42-43.

Long, Crawford W., 561.
Loom, Power, invention, 530.
Lorimer, Senator, expulsion, 841.
Louisiana, 515.

Louisiana Purchase, 460; and con-
stitutional questions, 461; and
West Florida and Texas, 462-
465; and the Federalists, 477.
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 460.
Lovejoy, Elijah P., 611.
Lowell, James Russell, quoted on
the Pilgrims, 61; on New England
schools, 199; on national growth,
429;

on labor, 527; on Dred
Scott decision, 638; on right of se-
cession, 659; on Sumter, 664.
Lowell factory life, in 1830, 539.
Loyalists, in American Revolution,
276, 277, 284, 290.
Lundy, Benjamin, 608.
Lundy's Lane, Battle of, 475.
Lusitania, the sinking and contro-
versy regarding, 865.

Lyon, Mathew, and Sedition law, 414.

Maclay, Senator William, objects
to "His most gracious speech,"
368; quotes Adams on said phrase,
ib.; and Washington's relation to
the Senate, 369; characterizes
Adams, Hamilton, et al., 368 note.
Madison, James, and call for Fed-
eral Convention, 335; "Journal
of, 336; delegate to Federal Con-
vention, 337; author of Virginia
Plan, 342; opposes Connecticut
Compromise, 344; and limitation
of Federal franchise, 356; explains
"We the people," 362; charac-
terized by Maclay, 369 note; and
the "Bill of Rights," 371; and the
Supreme Court's jurisdiction over
States, 373; and Virginia resolu-
tions, 415 note; and West Florida,
464; and causes of War of 1812,
470; President, 473 and note;
recommends war, 473; after 1815,
487 note; approves second Bank,
392; vetoes "Bonus bill" (in-
ternal improvements), 392; op-
poses extension of franchise in
Virginia, 564.

Maine, sinking of the, 740.
Maine, 2, 26, 58, 88, 120, 148, 153;
State of, 498, 515.

Maize, importance in early settle-
ment, 8, 67.

Manila, Battle of, 761.
Mann, Horace, and the labor move-
ment, 543; and educational re-
form, 553.
Manufactures, colonial, early, 39,
83; and Navigation Acts, 184; in