Preparation. Vinum Ferri Amarum.--Bitter Wine of Iron. Soluble Iron and Quinine Citrate, 50; Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel, 150; Syrup, 300; White Wine to 1000. Dose, 8 c.c.; 2 fl. dr. 24. FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate. Synonym.-Pyrophosphate of Iron. It should contain not less than 10 per cent. of Metallic Iron. SOURCE. By solution of Ferric Citrate, 50, Sodium Pyrophosphate, 50, in distilled water, 100; evaporation and drying on glass. CHARACTERS.-Thin, apple-green, transparent scales, odorless and having an acidulous, slightly saline taste, and a slightly acid reaction. Solubility.-Freely in water; insoluble in Alcohol. Dose, 0.250 gm. (250 milligm.); 4 gr. Unofficial Preparations. Ferri Iodidum Saccharatum (U. S. P., 1890).—Saccharated Ferrous Iodide. SOURCE. From Iron Wire, 6; Reduced Iron, 1; Iodine, 17; distilled water, Sugar of Milk to 100. By solution, filtration, evaporation and trituration. CHARACTERS.-A yellowish-white powder, very hygroscopic, odorless, having a sweetish ferruginous taste. Solubility.—In 7 parts of water; only partially soluble in Alcohol. Dose, .30 to 1.00 gm.; 5 to 15 gr. Ferri Lactas (U. S. P., 1890).-Ferrous Lactate. Fe(C ̧H ̧ O3)2 + 3H2O= 285.88. SOURCE. By crystallization from a solution of Lactic Acid and Iron in distilled water. CHARACTERS.-Pale, greenish-white crusts, consisting of small needle-shaped crystals, having a slight, peculiar odor, and a mild, sweetish ferruginous taste. Solubility.-In 40 parts of water; almost insoluble in Alcohol. Dose, .06 to .30 gm.; 1 to 5 gr. Liquor Ferri Nitratis (U. S. P., 1890).-Solution of Ferric Nitrate. Fe,(NO3)。= 240.21. An aqueous solution containing about 6.2 per cent. of the Anhydrous Salt, and corresponding to about 1.4 per cent. of Metallic Iron. SOURCE. Precipitate Ferric Sulphate, 180, with Ammonia water, 160; wash thoroughly and dissolve in Nitric Acid, 71; distilled water to 1000. CHARACTERS.-A clear, amber-colored or reddish liquid, having an acid, styptic taste, and an acid reaction. Sp. gr. about 1.050. IMPURITIES. Ferrous salts. Dose, .12 to .60 c.c.; 2 to 10 m. Liquor Ferri Citratis (U. S. P., 1890).-Solution of Ferric Citrate. An aqueous solution of Ferric Citrate, corresponding to about 7.5 per cent. of Metallic Iron. SOURCE. From solution of Ferric Sulphate, 1050, in water; precipitation with Ammonia Water, 880; with addition of Citric Acid, 300; filtration and evaporation of filtrate to 1000. CHARACTERS.-A dark-brown liquid, odorless, having a slightly ferruginous taste, and an acid reaction. Sp. gr. 1.250. Dose, .30 to 1.00 c.c.; 5 to 15 m. Liquor Ferri Acetatis (U. S. P., 1890).—Solution of Ferric Acetate. Fe(C2H2O2)。 = 464.92. An aqueous solution of Ferric Acetate. SOURCE. Ferric Sulphate, 1000; is precipitated with a solution of Ammonia Water, 850. Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NH ̧OH= Fe(OH)+3(NH4)2SO4. The resulting hydrate is dissolved in Glacial Acetic Acid, 260. Fe(OH), + 6HC2H2O2 = Fe2(C2H2 O2) + 6H2O. CHARACTERS.-A dark, reddish-brown, clear liquid of an acetous odor, a sweetish, acidulous, somewhat styptic taste. Sp. gr. about 1.160. Dose, .12 to .60 c.c.; 2 to 10 m. Ferri Valerianas.-See Valeriana. Ferri Arsenas (B. P.).-Iron Arsenate. 3Fe(FeO)AsO, + 16H2O=1086.74. It consists of both ferrous and ferric arsenates, with some oxide. SOURCE.-Mix hot solutions of Sodium Arsenate and Iron Sulphate, add Sodium Bicarbonate to neutralize free Sulphuric Acid that is formed when Iron Arsenate is precipitated. CHARACTERS.-A greenish, amorphous powder, insoluble in water. IMPURITIES. Sulphates. Dose, .004 to .03 gm.; to 1⁄2 gr. as a pill. Ferrum Dialysatum.-Dialyzed Iron. SOURCE. By heating a solution of Ferric Chloride with Ammonia, Ferric Hydrate being precipitated; this being redissolved by agitation, is placed in a dialyzer and suspended in water, which is renewed so long as it shows a trace of Hydrochloric Acid. COMPOSITION.-Its composition varies from Fe,Cl, 12 Fe2O, to Fe2Cl, 95Fe2O3, and is a 10 per cent. solution of Ferric Oxychloride in water. CHARACTERS.-A reddish-brown liquid, free from astringent, styptic taste. Dose, .60 to 2.00 c.c.; 10 to 30 m. Ferratinum. Ferratin. Synonym.-Acid Albuminate of Iron. SOURCE.-Obtained by the reaction of Albumin with a double Tartrate of Iron and an alkali. CHARACTERS.—A light brown powder, containing from 6 to 8 per cent. of Iron. Solubility.-Insoluble in water and dilute acids, but soluble in water having a slight alkaline reaction. Dose, .10 to .50 gm.; 11⁄2 to 8 gr. Emplastrum Ferri (U. S. P., 1890).-Iron Plaster. Syno nym. Strengthening Plaster. Ferric Hydrate, 90; Burgundy Pitch, 140; Lead Plaster, 720; Olive Oil, 50. Trochisci Ferri (U. S. P., 1890).-Troches of Iron. Ferric Hydrate, 30; Vanilla, 1; Sugar, 100 gm.; Mucilage of Tragacanth, to make 100 troches. Dose, 1 to 2 troches. INCOMPATIBLES OF IRON SALTS IN GENERAL.-All substances containing tannic or gallic acid form an intense black with ferric salts. Preparations of iron are therefore incompatible with all vegetable astringent solutions, and the only infusions with which they can be prescribed are infusions of quassia and of calumba. It is frequently forgotten that, on account of the presence of tannin, both the tincture and infusion of digitalis form an inky mixture with iron preparations. A small quantity of diluted phosphoric acid will serve to clarify such a mixture, though after a few days a slight precipitate of ferric phosphate will be observed. Mucilage of acacia becomes gelatinous from the addition of ferric salts. With ferrous salts, alkalies and their carbonates, lime water, calcium carbonate, and magnesia and magnesium carbonate form green precipitates, and with ferric salts, brown precipitates. ACTION. Some of the iron salts, such as the chloride, the nitrate, and the sulphate, are powerfully astringent and hæmostatic. Solu tions of both ferrous and ferric salts are to a greater or less extent antiseptic, germicidal, disinfectant and deodorant. Iron preparations are liable to blacken the teeth and tongue, and tincture of ferric chloride destroys the dental enamel. Inorganic salts, in sufficient quantity, are gastro-intestinal irritants, and the more strongly acid ones have some caustic effect upon the stomach. Iron salts as a rule tend to constipate, and they also blacken the stools. In many cases of anæmia, and particularly of chlorosis, the number of red corpuscles and the amount of hæmoglobin in the blood are increased by the administration of iron. It is a tonic as well as a hæmatinic, improving the functions of the various organs. The continued use of ferruginous preparations is liable to interfere with the digestion, and the best tolerated ones are reduced iron, the phosphate and the pyrophosphate. USES. Monsel's solution and solutions of the sulphate, chloride and nitrate are employed as local hæmostatics. They form disagreeable clots, however, which are liable to decompose and give rise to septic inflammation. The tincture of ferric chloride has been used both topically and internally in diphtheria and erysipelas. The astringent preparations are employed in hæmorrhages from the stomach and bowels. Iron preparations are often administered to improve the appetite and digestion, as well as the condition of the blood. The styptic taste of the astringent compounds may be much diminished by giving them with glycerin. Iron acetate is an excellent remedy in chlorosis, and the tincture of ferric chloride, especially in the form of Basham's mixture, is much used in Bright's disease. This tincture is one of the most generally useful of all the preparations of iron. Ferrous iodide is valuable for rachitic and scrofulous children, and is frequently associated with codliver oil. Practically all of the albuminates and peptonates to be found in the shops are worthless as hæmatinics. PART II. ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. DIVISION I: THE SYNTHETICS AND ALLIED DRUGS. GROUP I. Alcohols. Alcohol, Chloroform, Ether, Acetic Ether. These substances produce local anesthesia by evaporation. They are rubefacient if their vapor is confined. The stomach, heart and central nervous system are first stimulated and then depressed by them. Amylic Alcohol (B. P.), Ethyl Bromide, and Pental, none of which is official, are considered in this class. ALCOHOL. Ethyl Alcohol. C2H, OH = 45.70. Alcohol is official in the seven following forms: 1. ALCOHOL.-A liquid composed of about 92.3 per cent., by weight, or 94.9 per cent., by volume, of Ethyl Alcohol, and about 7.7 per cent., by weight, of water. Synonyms.-Ethylic Alcohol. Spirit of Wine. SOURCE.-Macerate rectified spirit with Anhydrous Potassium Carbonate to remove the water, then again with freshly fused Calcium Chloride, and distil. CHARACTERS.-A transparent, colorless, mobile and volatile liquid of a characteristic, rather agreeable odor, and a burning taste. Sp. gr., about 0.816 at 15.6° C. (60° F.), the standard temperature for Alcohol, or 0.809 at 25° C. (77° F.). Boils at 78° C.; 172.4° F. Entirely volatilized. IMPURITIES.-Organic impurities, amyl alcohol, aldehyde, etc. |