tion of wood tar, preferably of that derived from the beech, Fagus Sylvatica Linné or Fagus ferruginea Alton (Fam. Fagacea). CHARACTERS. An almost colorless, yellowish (not pinkish), highly refractive, oily liquid, having a penetrating smoky odor, and a burning caustic taste. It should not become brown on exposure to light. Sp. gr., not below 1.075. Solubility. In about 140 parts of water, but without forming a perfectly clear solution; freely in Alcohol, Ether, Chloroform, Acetic Acid, and oils. IMPURITIES.-Phenol (which coagulates albumin and collodion; Creosote does not); so-called "Coal-tar Creosote," and neutral oils. INCOMPATIBLES.-Silver, gold, cupric and ferric salts; acacia; albumin. Explodes when mixed with silver oxide. Dose, 0.2 c.c.; 3 m. Aqua water, 990. Preparation. Creosoti.-Creosote Water. Creosote, 10; distilled Dose, 8 c.c.; 2 fl. dr. Unofficial Preparation. CREOSOTI CARBONAS. Creosote Carbonate. Synonym.-Creosotal. SOURCE. Obtained by the action of Carbon Oxychloride upon the phenol-sodium compounds of Creosote. CHARACTERS.-A thick, oily liquid, analogous to Guaiacol Carbonate; amber-colored, odorless, with a bitter taste suggestive of Creosote; sp. gr., 1.166; contains 90 per cent. Creosote. Solubility. Insoluble in water or Glycerin; soluble in Alcohol, Chloroform, Ether, Benzene, and fatty oils (5 parts cod-liver oil). Dose, 1 to 4 c.c.; 15 to 60 m. ACTION. Practically the same as carbolic acid. USES. Tuberculosis; pneumonia; bronchitis; vomiting; diarrhoea; dysentery; typhoid fever; diabetes; tape-worm. Locally, toothache; sore throat; burns; chilblains; otorrhoea; ozæna; pruritus; condylomata; gleet; leucorrhoea; uterine hæmorrhage; puerperal metritis; as a preservative of animal tissue. The most im portant use is as a pulmonary antiseptic, administered by the mouth, hypodermatically, or by inhalation. GUAIACOL. GUAIACOL.-C,H,O2 = 123.13. Synonym.-Methyl Pyrocatechin. One of the chief constituents of Creosote. It should be preserved in amber-colored bottles, protected from light. SOURCE. Obtained by collecting and purifying the fraction of Creosote boiling between 200° and 205° C. (392° and 401° F.); or prepared synthetically from either Pyrocatechin by methylating, or from Orthoanisidin by diazotizing and boiling. CHARACTERS.-A colorless, crystalline solid, melting at 28° C. (83° F.), or a colorless refractive liquid, boiling at 205° C. (401° F.), having an agreeable aromatic odor. Sp. gr. of liquid, 1.140. Solubility. -In 53 parts of water and in all proportions in Alcohol and Ether; soluble in Acetic Acid and in 1 part of Glycerin. IMPURITIES.-Creosote and oily hydrocarbons. GUAIACOLIS CARBONAS. GUAIACOL CARBONATE.-A derivative of Guaiacol obtained by the action of Carbonyl Chloride upon Sodium-guaiacolate. SOURCE. By passing Phosgene gas (COCl2) into Guaiacol, previously dissolved in a Soda solution. The Carbonate is obtained by crystallization. CHARACTERS.-A white, neutral crystalline powder, almost odorless and tasteless. Solubility.-Insoluble in water; soluble in 48 parts of Alcohol, 1.5 parts of Chloroform, and 13 parts of Ether; readily in hot Alcohol and Benzene. IMPURITY. Free guaiacol. Dose, 1 gm.; 15 gr. Unofficial Preparations. GUAIACOLIS BENZOAS. Guaiacol Benzoate.-C,H,OHC,HC,O2 = 203.49. Synonyms.— Benzosol. Benzoyl Guaiacol. SOURCE. This is prepared by adding to an alcoholic solution of Guaiacol, Potassium Hydroxide, forming Potassium Guaiacol, which is heated in a water-bath with Benzoyl Chloride. Benzoyl Guaiacol is formed and purified by re-crystallization from Alcohol. CHARACTERS.-A colorless, odorless and tasteless crystalline powder. Solubility.-Almost insoluble in water; readily soluble in Ether and Chloroform. Dose, .12 to .60 gm.; 2 to 10 gr. GUAIACOLIS SALICYLAS. Guaiacol Salicylate.-CH,OHCO2C,H,OCH2 = 243.42. SOURCE. By the action of Phosphorus Oxychloride on a mixture of Sodium Guaiacol and Salicylate. CHARACTERS.-A white crystalline, odorless and tasteless powder. Solubility.—Insoluble in water; soluble in Alcohol, Ether and Chloroform. Dose, .30 to 2.00 gm.; 5 to 30 gr. ACTION. Similar to that of creosote, though guaiacol is less likely to irritate the intestinal canal and kidneys. USES. Pulmonary tuberculosis; typhoid fever; diabetes mellitus. Guaiacol, especially the carbonate, has been extensively used in phthisis, under the idea that it has a destructive effect upon the bacilli of the disease, but there is no absolutely certain evidence that such is the case. CASTANEA (U. S. P., 1890). Castanea. Synonym.-Chestnut. The leaves of Castanea dentata (Marshall) Sudworth (Fam. Cupulifera), collected in September or October, while still green. Habitat.-North America, from Ontario south to Florida, and west to Arkansas and Michigan. CHARACTERS. From 15 to 25 cm. long, about 5 cm. wide, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, feather-veined, sinuate-serrate, smooth; odor slight; taste somewhat astringent. CONSTITUENTS.—(1) Tannic acid, about 9 per cent. (2) Albumin. (3) Resin. (4) Gum. Dose, 2 to 8 gm.; 1/2 to 2 dr. Preparation. Extractum Castaneæ Fluidum (U. S. P., 1890).-Fluidextract of Castanea. By maceration with Boiling Water, percolation, evaporation, and addition of Glycerin and Alcohol. Dose, 2 to 8 c.c.; 1⁄2 to 2 fl. dr. fulva Michaux (Fam. Ulmacea). Habitat.-North America, west to Louisiana and Nebraska, in woods. CHARACTERS.-In flat pieces, varying in length and width, 3 to 4 mm. thick; outer surface light brown, with occasional dark brown patches of the periderm; inner surface yellowish-brown; fracture fibrous and somewhat mealy; odor slight, but distinct; taste mucilaginous. COMPOSITION.-It contains-(1) Mucilage. Preparation. (2) Some Tannic Acid. Mucilago Ulmi.-Mucilage of Elm. Elm, 6; Boiling Water, Irritable conditions of the faucial and bronchial mucous membrane; dysentery, diarrhoea and diseases of the urinary pas sages. Locally it is used in the form of poultices, and it is lighter than flaxseed. INDIAN CANNABIS. Synonym.-Indian Hemp. The dried flowering tops of the pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa Linné (Fam. Moracea), grown in the East Indies, and gathered while the fruits are still undeveloped, and carrying the whole of its natural resin. Habitat. -Asia; collected in India. CHARACTERS.-In dark green or more or less brownish compressed masses, consisting of the densely paniculate branchlets, about 5 cm. or more in length, and the inflorescence more or less agglutinated with a resinous exudation; commonly with a few undeveloped digitate leaves or one or more linear-lanceolate leaflets; clothed with numerous sheathing, pointed bracts, each containing two small mature but unfertilized pistillate flowers; odor agreeably narcotic; taste characteristic. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are (1) Cannabinon, a soft resin. (2) Choline, C¿H1NO2, which is contained in (3) Tetanocannabine, and with alkalies gives (4) Cannabinine. (5) Cannabin, a brown, amorphous resin, said to be very active. INCOMPATIBLE.—Water, which precipitates the resin. Preparations. 1. Extractum Cannabis Indicæ.-Extract of Indian Cannabis. By maceration and percolation with Alcohol, and evaporation. Dose, 0.010 gm. (10 milligm.); % gr. 2. Fluidextractum Cannabis Indicæ.-Fluidextract of Indian Cannabis. By maceration, percolation with Alcohol, which is distilled off, and evaporation. Dose, 0.1 c.c.; 11⁄2 m. |