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3. Tinctura Cannabis Indicæ.-Tincture of Indian Cannabis. Indian Cannabis, 50; Alcohol, by maceration and percolation, to

1000.

Dose, 1 c.c.; 15 m.

Synonyms. Haschisch is a confection of the drug. Gunjah, or Ganga, is the dried flowering tops of the cultivated female plants which àre coated with resin. Churrus or Charas is the resin scraped off the leaves. Bhang, or Siddhi, is the dried leaves and stalks made with preserved fruits into a confection. In some provinces it means powdered Ganga made into a drink. Ganga and Charas are often smoked like tobacco.

ACTION.

Principally on the cerebrum, and it is probably the most powerful stimulant of the psychic functions known. Depression is mixed with the stimulation, and under its influence the patient passes into a dreamy, semi-conscious state, in which, while the judgment is practically lost, the imagination runs riot. The general sensibility is much diminished, and this effect may deepen into complete anesthesia. Eventually, there usually results a tranquil sleep. In man the heart is generally accelerated by the inhalation of the drug.

USES.

Migraine; neuralgia; biliary colic; it is unreliable as a hypnotic.

HUMULUS.

HOPS. The carefully dried strobiles of Humulus Lupulus Linné (Fam. Moracea). Habitat.-Northern temperate zone; cultivated.

CHARACTERS.-Ovoid-cylindrical, about 3 cm. long, consisting of a thin, hairy flexuous rachis and numerous yellowish-green to pale brown obliquely-ovate, membranaceous scales with a glandular-hairy base, frequently infolded on one side, enclosing a subglobular, light brown, very glandular akene; odor strong and agreeable; taste aromatic and bitter. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are-(1) Lupulin. (2) Lupulinic Acid, 11 per cent., a bitter crystalline principle. (3) Valerol, 1 per cent., an aromatic volatile oil giving the odor. (4) Resin, 9 to 18 per cent. (5) Tannic acid, 3 to 4 per cent.

INCOMPATIBLES.-Mineral acids, and metallic salts.

Unofficial Preparation.

Tinctura Humuli (U. S. P., 1890).-Tincture of Hops.

Hops,

200; by maceration and percolation with Diluted Alcohol to 1000. Dose, 4 to 8 c.c.; 1 to 2 fl. dr.

LUPULINUM.-Lupulin. The glandular trichomes separated from the fruit of Humulus Lupulus Linné (Fam. Moracea).

CHARACTERS.-A glandular powder, bright, brownish-yellow, becoming yellowish-brown, and resinous; its component trichomes somewhat globular or elliptical, o.1 to 0.3 mm. in diameter, multicellular; having the characteristic odor and taste of Hops.

Dose, 0.500 gm. (500 milligm.); 71⁄2 gr.

Preparations.

1. Fluidextractum Lupulini.-Fluidextract of Lupulin. Lupulin, 1000; by maceration and percolation with Alcohol, evaporation and solution to 1000 parts.

Dose, 1 c.c.; 15 m.

2. Oleoresina Lupulini.-Oleoresin of Lupulin. Lupulin, 100; by percolation with Acetone, and evaporation.

Dose, 0.200 gm. (200 milligm.); 2 gr.

ACTION.

Stomachic; carminative; mildly sedative and narcotic.

USES.

Atonic dyspepsia; flatulent colic; diarrhoea; lupulin has been employed in nervous tremors, wakefulness and the delirium of drunkards. Hops are used medicinally chiefly in the form of malt liquors, and ale, stout or good beer may sometimes serve to improve the appetite and digestion and to secure sleep.

FICUS.

FIG. The partially dried fruit of Ficus carica Linné (Fam. Moracea). Habitat.-Western Asia; cultivated in subtropical countries.

CHARACTERS.-Compressed, of irregular shape, fleshy, brownish or yellowish, covered with an efflorescence of sugar; with a scar or short stalk at the base, and a small scaly orifice at the apex; hollow internally; the inner surface covered with numerous yellowish, glossy and hard akenes; odor distinct, fruity; taste sweet, pleasant.

COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are (1) Sugar, 62 per cent.;

(2) Gum; (3) Fat and Salts.

Fig is contained in Confectio Sennæ.

ACTION.

Nutritive; mildly purgative.

USES.

As a laxative; fig poultices are used to neutralize the fetor of cancerous and other ulcers.

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OIL OF SANTAL. Synonym.-Oil of Sandal Wood. A volatile oil distilled from the wood of Șantalum album Linné (Fam. Santalacea), which should yield not less than 90 per cent. of alcohols, calculated as Santalol. It should be kept in well-stoppered, amber-colored bottles, protected from light. Habitat.-Southern India.

CHARACTERS.-A pale yellowish or yellow, somewhat thickish liquid, having a peculiar, strongly aromatic odor, and a pungent, spicy taste. Sp. gr., 0.965 to 0.975. It should be distinguished from Australian (Sp. gr., 0.953) and West Indian (Sp. gr., 0.965) Sandal Wood Oil, which deviate polarized light to the right. Solubility.-Readily in Alcohol. COMPOSITION.-Santalol, C15H2O, an alcohol, 90 per cent. IMPURITIES.-Chlorinated products and other varieties of Sandalwood Oil. The latter are detected by means of polarization. This oil is lævogyrate; its angle of rotation should not be less than 16° nor more than 20° in a 100 mm. tube, at a temperature of 25° C.

(77° F.).

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Dose, 0.5 c.c.; 8 m.

ACTION.

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Closely resembles that of copaiba and cubeb, but oil of santol

is less irritant and more palatable.

USES.

Gonorrhoea; gleet; cystitis; pyelitis; urethral hæmorrhage; bronchitis.

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SERPENTARIA. Synonym. Virginia Snakeroot. The dried rhizome and roots of Aristolochia Serpentaria Linné (Virginia Serpentaria), or of Aristolochia reticulata Nuttall (Texas Serpentaria) (Fam. Aristolochiacea). Habitat.-United States, in hilly woods.

CHARACTERS.-Virginia Serpentaria.-The rhizome is of oblique growth, about 2 cm. long and about 2 mm. in diameter; externally yellowish-brown, slightly annulate, the upper surface with numerous stemscars or stem-bases, the lower surface bearing a dense tress of thin, branching roots from 4 to 7 cm. long; fracture short, yellowish-brown; xylem in the roots 5-rayed; odor camphoraceous; taste bitter and aromatic.

Texas Serpentaria.-The rhizome is about twice as large as that of Virginia Serpentaria, of a grayish-brown color, and the roots are fewer, less interlacing, and thicker.

Resembling Serpentaria.-Veratrum, Arnica and Valerian.

COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are (1) A bitter principle, Aristolochine, in light-yellow needles. (2) A volatile oil, 3 per cent. containing a Terpene, and mainly CHO, Borneol Ether. (3) Resin. (4) Tannic Acid in small quantity.

Serpentaria is used to prepare Tinctura Cinchonæ Composita.
Dose, 1 gm.; 15 gr.

1. Fluidextractum

Preparations.

Serpentariæ.-Fluidextract of Serpen

taria. By maceration and percolation with Alcohol and Water,

and evaporation.

Dose, 1 c.c.; 15 m.

2. Tinctura Serpentariæ.-Tincture of Serpentaria. Serpentaria, 200; by maceration and percolation with Alcohol and Water

to 1000.

Dose, 4 c.c.; 1 fl. dr.

ACTION.

An astringent bitter and stimulating expectorant; in large doses it is a gastro-intestinal irritant.

USES.

As a stomachic bitter; in capillary bronchitis and pneumonia. It is seldom given alone.

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RHUBARB.-The dried rhizome of Rheum officinale Baillon, Rheum palmatum Linné, and the var. tanguticum Maximowicz (Fam. Polygonacea), or probably other species of Rheum, grown in China and Thibet, and deprived of most of the bark and carefully dried. Habitat.Western and Central China, and Thibet.

CHARACTERS. Subcylindrical, barrel-shaped, conical, plano-convex or irregularly formed pieces, frequently with a large perforation; hard and moderately heavy; 5 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. in diameter; externally mottled with alternating striæ of light brown parenchyma cells and dark brown medullary rays, occasionally with reddish-brown cork patches and small, radiate scars of fibrovascular tissue, smooth and sometimes covered with a bright brownish-yellow powder; fracture somewhat granular, presenting a peculiar marbled appearance; odor characteristic; taste bitter, astringent; gritty when chewed. Powder bright orange-yellow, becoming red with alkalies, containing rosetteshaped crystals of calcium oxalate which are from 0.050 to 0.100 mm. in diameter, and spherical starch grains from 0.005 to 0.020 mm. in diameter, either single or 2- to 4-compound.

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