THE NOUVELLE REVUE. THE Nouvelle Revue is distinguished among the October Continental publications inasmuch as it has no article dealing with Pasteur; Russia and things Russian are also conspicuous by their absence. The two articles which call for the most notice are a well-written and anonymous analysis of the mistakes made by the French when preparing the Madagascar Expedition, and M. Toreys' article on railway accidents.

In the first of these the French Minister of War's unknown critic prepares a terrible indictment. He points out that Madagascar, unlike Tonkin, the Soudan, and Dahomey, was by no means a terra incognita; for during the last two hundred years France has been represented at Antananarivo by missions, schools, and merchants, and the French naval authorities were familiar with the coast and the various harbours of the

island. He points out, with some justice, that since the Franco-Prussian War the whole efforts of France have been concentrated on continental warfare, and that therefore, when the Ministry of War were called upon to furnish the wherewithal of such a force as the Madagascar Expelition, they found themselves far from ready to do so. One by one the writer passes in review the many mistakes made by those who organised the material side of the Expedition. Not content with criticising what has been done, he tells us clearly what, according to his opinion, ought to have been done and he especially asks why, instead of seeking fresh and untried volunteers among existing French regiments, some attempt was not made to choose a body of picked men already familiar with colonial life and warfare. It is, however, fair to add

From Der Wahre Jacob.]

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interested in Parsee and Indian literature, and of Manakji, the Parsee reformer and philanthropist, to whom Indian womanhood owes so much, will be found full of instruetion to those who take an interest in the subject.

M. Rochel commences what promises to be a valuable series of articles on the Spanish drama. Long before France or England could boast of anything better than an occasional miracle play, or of the coarse buffooneries beloved of a certain section of the populace, the country which was ultimately to produce Cervantes already possessed a national drama, founded, it is true, to a certain extent, on that of Italy. Among very early Spanish playwrights were Torres, Nanarro, and Lope de Rueda, whose works are still occasionally played.

The coming centenary of the Institute has inspired M. du Bled with a book on the French Academy, and that portion dealing with the history of the Forty between 1774 and 1803 has been confided by him to Madame Adam for publication, and possesses historical value.

[October 2, 1895.

Other articles deal with "Japanese Art," by M. E. Julia, "France's Rupture with Wurtemburg in 1870," by Diplomaticus, and "Animal Magnetism." by E. Borac. M. Léon Daudet continues his curious reconstitution of the journey he supposes Shakespeare to have made in youth.

The Country House.

THE Country House is another of the new sixpenny magazines which is announced as a magazine for town and country readers. The contents are varied. Sir J. B. Lawes describes his experience in laying down pastures. Gordon Stables describes his experience in travelling by caravan from Berkshire to Balmoral. There is a short story by Baring-Gould, and one by John Strange Winter. Sir R. Paget writes on Land and Local Taxation. Mr. Abbott begins his papers on Regiments of Renown, with an account of the Blues. The "Son of the Marshes" writes on Shrikes. Lord Winchilsea's paper on Co-operation in Agriculture is noticed elsewhere.

that this article was evidently written before the news had arrived of the success of the expedition.

If we are to believe M. Toreys, our lives may be said to be in danger every time we enter a railway carriage. He attributes the greater number of the accidents which have occurred on the Continent during the last few months in a great measure to the bad state of the railroads, or actual permanent way, which requires far more attention since trains de luxes have so enormously increased the weight of both coaches and engines. Still he admits that this would not be of such capital importance were it not that there is always a tendency to rely absolutely on the perfection of automatic mechanism. How often, he observes, do brakes refuse to work at the critical moment. The third and, according to the French writer, the most serious cause of modern railway accidents, is the fashion in which the great companies overwork their signalmen and engine-drivers.

A review of some hitherto unpublished letters of Burnouf, whose name will be familiar to all students

The Pall Mall Magazine.

THE experiment of colour printing the illustrations seems to have been abandoned; the extra sixpence, however, is still charged. Sir Lewis Morris's poem, "From a Ruined Tower," is nobly illustrated. The article on "Unknown Paris" deals with artists, their lives, pleasures and haunts. Alex. Cargill revives the memory of Christopher North, whom he refers to as the Scottish Walton. He was much besides. The article on a model prison describes Wormwood Scrubbs. The article may be contrasted with that describing a female convict prison in Vienna which appears in Cornhill. There is of course the usual quantum of fiction and verse.

THE REVUE DE PARIS.

THE REVUE DES DEUX MONDES. WE have noticed elsewhere the Vicomte de Vogüé's article on Pasteur. M. du Bled begins with an article upon Maréchal Bugeaud, the matérial being private and unpublished correspondence. This great soldier, who was the victor of Abd-el-Kader, and who may be regarded as the real conqueror of Algeria, was born at Limoges in 1784, and continued the line of the Revolutionary generals. He was of noble origin, and his mother, Françoise de Sutton de Clonard, sprang from an Irish family who had followed James II. of France. The parents, brothers and sisters of the future Maréchal felt the full force of the Revolutionary storm. Some were imprisoned, others became emigrants; the girls made shirts for a livelihood, and when he was hardly eight years of age the little boy was employed in the kitchen and ran errands for his mother, happy when a day passed by without one or other of the fourteen children being dragged before the Revolutionary tribunal. Bugeaud ended his life as Maréchal Duc D'Isley, and was a notable military figure in the first half of the century. He survived the Revolution of 1848, and was a friend and adherent of Lamartine. He died of cholera during a visit to Paris, away from the wife and children whom he tenderly loved. Louis Veuillot, a master of forcible expression, said of Marechal Bugeaud that "his sword constituted a French frontier."

M. Berthelot, who himself bears a famous scientific name, contributes a most interesting article on " Papin and the Invention of the Steam-Engine." A contemporary of Louis XIV., he oddly enough is now best known by the excellent stock-pot which bears the name of Papin's Digester. He was a most eminent scientific man, and a member of the Royal Society founded by Boyle. He spent many years in England, and it is to be regretted that he did not permanently remain in London. The then Grand Duke of Hesse Cassel invited him to settle at Cassel in 1695. Papin's London career was thus replaced by dependence upon a semi-royal patron. In 1708 we find him writing to Isaac Newton, asking for the wherewithal to build a boat to be propelled by the agency of fire. But though Leibnitz followed up Papin's request by a Letter from himself, the money seems to have been wanting, and thus, for all we may know, the discovery of the steam-engine may have been retarded by a hundred years. Papin was last heard of at Cassel in 1714, but the date of his death is unknown.

M. Brunetière writes on Cosmopolitanism as it affects national literature. Of late years the French have taken to reading the masterpieces of English, German, and Russian literature. M. Brunetière reminds his readers that until Voltaire introduced Shakespeare to his fellowcountrymen the Bard of Avon was almost unknown on the Continent.

The late Italian fêtes as described by " An Eye-witness is an unsigned paper evidently written in the interests of the House of Savoy, and it will certainly greatly annoy the Papal party both in France and Italy.

M. Fouillée discusses the supposed degeneration of France, and warns his fellow countrymen that nothing is so unfortunate for a nation as the perpetual suggestion of its own decline.

Other articles deal with two Japanese Revolutions by M. Appert; the organisation of Universal Suffrage is described or rather analysed by M. Benoist; the Comte de Turenne tells once more the (to English readers) familiar story of the Mormon massacre, and M. Mathivet's second article on native life in India is written from a political rather than from an economic standpoint.

THE editors of the Revue de Paris are devoting themselves more and more to fiction and biography, leaving philosophical, agrarian, and, even to a certain extent, political subjects to older rivals.

The Duc d'Aumale contributes to the October Revue what promises to be one of the most interesting chapters in his forthcoming history on the Condés, that dealing with a sojourn made by the most famous of his ancestors at Chantilly during the latter portion of the seventeenth century.

In curious contrast is M. Edmond de Goncourt's really remarkable and delightful analysis of the career of the Japanese artist Hokousai, who flourished in the early part of this century, and of whom M. de Goncourt is now writing a biography. Hokousai spent his life illustrating the strange primitive stories in which the Japanese delight, and whenever it is possible the French critic novelist analyses the plot of first one and then another of those fragments of Japanese literature.

In the second October number the Revue, for the first time, ventures on illustrations, including three excellent reproductions of Meissonier's family portraits, as well as one of the famous artist as a child, drawn by his mother, and a really admirable reproduction of a pencil sketch, entitled "The Eve of Marengo." M. Gréard contributes the first portion of what should be a very valuable biography of the painter. M. Duclaux, who is said to have been Pasteur's favourite pupil, contributes some striking pages on his late master, whose laboratory he entered as long ago as 1862, when Pasteur was known but to a small circle of his fellow scientists. M. Duclaux brings out in striking fashion Pasteur's great love of his native country. Nothing seems to have given the great savant more pleasure than Professor Huxley's well-chosen remark that his discoveries had already more than replaced in material wealth the terrible Prussian War indemnity.

In the same number, M. Paris undertakes the delicate task of writing a yet living poet's biography, that of Sully Prudhomme, whose admirable work is too little known in England and who was chosen to write the ode commemorating the hundredth anniversary of the French Institute.

Somewhat late in the day, M. Saurin points out the many difficulties which attend the French colonist in North Africa, that is to say, in Algiers and Tunis, and though he suggests various remedies for the existing state of things, he, like most French writers dealing with the question of a France across the sea, entirely shirks the real question, which lies in the obstinate distaste of modern Frenchmen to emigration and colonisation.

The July Revolution, in other words the events of 1830, are dealt with in both numbers of the Revue.

Under the title of "The Garden of England," M. Potez gives an amusing account of a late visit to Devonshire. The following few lines on London are not complimentary: "In a cab driven by a poverty-stricken cabman, whose melancholy countenance was that of a sickly drunkard, and whose mad eyes glared above his untrimmed beard. The fog acted as a shroud, whilst the sun's red disc gaped like a wound through the atmosphere of this accursed city;" but once the traveller found himself in South Devon he had nothing but praise for people, scenery and architecture; everything about him reminded him of Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream," excepting that he was extremely impressed by the number of religions which flourished in each small town.

PEARSON'S MAGAZINE.

Or the making of new magazines there is no end, and next month will witness the launching of the latest offspring of the REVIEW OF REVIEWS. It is a kind of illegitimate offspring, but none the less, the descent is unmistakable. When I induced Sir George Newnes to join me in starting the REVIEW OF REVIEWS, I began the great revival of magazinedom which has been the most conspicuous feature of the last few years. When I parted company with Sir George Newnes, that gentleman, finding himself without a magazine, turned to and started the Strand. The success of the Strand brought out the Idler, the Ludgate Monthly, the Windsor, and many others of the same kind. Now, Sir George Newnes' two great competitors, Mr. Harmsworth and Mr. Pearson, are each contemplating the production of a magazine which will beat the Strand on its own ground. It is only natural that they should take this course, because their successes have been achieved by following Sir George Newnes' lead. Answers and Pearson's Weekly were founded as the direct result of the success of Tit-Bits, and Pearson's Magazine and the London Magazine are simply an extension of the same principle to the domain of monthly magazines. Of the two, Pearson's Magazine is further advanced than Mr. Harmsworth's. The first number of Pearson's will be published on the 12th December. Judging from the specimen copy now before me, Pearson's will be the best sixpenny magazine in the market, so far as paper and type are concerned. It is to be sold at 6d. net., so that no one will be able to get it for 4 d.; but, notwithstanding this, it is extremely doubtful whether a sixpenny magazine can be produced, printed on such paper of quality and weight, as that which Mr. Pearson promises in his new magazine. No. 1 will contain three new stories; the first of a series of drawing-room comedies by Sir Walter Besant and W. H. Pollock; Pen Pictures of the Rulers of our great Colonies; a humorous article by W. S. Alden; a collection of pictures of all periods giving the ideas of prominent artists as to how the old year goes out and the new year comes in. There are to be illustrated personal paragraphs about prominent people. The first of a series of illustrated articles by that admirable compiler Mr. W. J. Gordon, on "What it costs to run the London and North Western Railway." Lord Wolseley, Lord Charles Beresford, and Mr. Stanley contribute personal reminiscences describing the bravest deed they ever saw; and there are to be "Notes on Science," ideal illustrations, poems, and a well illustrated article dealing with the humorous side of animal life. The cost of the production of the first number will be £4,000, and the only chance of its success, from a financial point of view, lies in the chance of its securing and maintaining a regular circulation of 200,000 a month. It is a bold venture, and my only doubt as to its success is based upon the fact that Mr. Pearson proposes to give too much for the money.

The English Illustrated Magazine.

THE English Illustrated Magazine has a paper on "The Mask of Cromwell," an interview with the Bishop of Likoma, an illustrated article on "Anglo-American Yacht Racing," an account of bull-fighting in Spain, and a description of chamois driving, which is certainly a much nobler and more dangerous amusement than bullfighting. Mr. Grant Allen describes an altar-piece of L'Ortolano.

THE NEW REVIEW.

I HAVE noticed elsewhere the articles on Nelson and' the Reorganization of Liberalism, and Mr. Henley's sonnet. The rest of the articles do not call for much notice. Mr. P. Oliver writes about the French triumphin Madagascar, in which he gives some gruesome details as to the ravages of disease in the expeditionary force :--By the time General Duchesne had taken Andriba, the terminus of the road, some 220 miles inland from Mojanga, the Malagasy fever had deprived him of something like six thousand seven hundred combatants, eighteen hundred of whom had succumbed in the island. By the time Antananarivo was reached, at the end of September, the gross totals must have reached at least seven thousand five hundred, or just half thefifteen thousand landed in Iboina five months before.

There is a good deal of fiction of no particular merit, an ordinary article on Pasteur, another upon Wagner at Munich, a Jacobite paper on James II. at St. Germains,. and a description of the first Don Juan.

PHIL MAY'S ILLUSTRATED WINTER ANNUAL.

PHIL MAY'S Illustrated Annual (Haddon, 1s.) makes its appearance for the fourth time. In turning over its pages it is impossible not to be struck with the immense resource and irresistible humour of the artist. Mr.. May's gift does not lie in the portraiture of the heroic, but none of our contemporary artists contrive to expressas much character of a certain kind. Low life, fast life, and the more or less grotesque side of life generally is wonderfully hit off with a few strokes of the pencil.. The literary portion is looked after by Mr. Grant Richards, who contributes an extravagance" of his own, called ́ "The Mislaid Child," and has secured as contributors. some of the foremost of the magazine writers of the day. The chief attraction is a long poem by Mr. John Davidson, "A Ballad of an Artist's Wife," which tells how an artist left his wife and children to starve while he held carousal night and day. He dies, and is taken to the other world,. where he finds various stages of beatitude, but when he reaches the highest place in paradise, he finds a woman. seated on a diamond throne:

The praises of this matchless soul
The Sons of God proclaimed aloud;
From diamond censers odours stole,
And Hierarchs before her bowed.
"Who was she?" God Himself replied:
"In misery her lot was cast:
She lived a woman's life, and died
Working My work until the last."
It was his wife. He said, "I pray

Thee, Lord, despatch me now to Hell." But God said, "No; here shall you stay, And in her peace for ever dwell.” Mr. Grant Allen's paper on Gods I Have Known is not an attempt at historical theology, but an account of the various notables who, from Bulwer Lytton down to Ibsen, have been regarded as the "truly great" in literary circles. Mr. H. G. Wells, the author of "The Time Machine," describes prophetically the brief and tragic career of the first flying machine in a paper entitled "The Argonauts of the Air." Mr. A. B. Walkley discusses the question, "Has the English Drama Renasced?"-a horrible word. The other literary contributions are by Miss Violet Hunt, Mr. Walter Raymond, Mr. Richard Pryce, and Mrs. Davids.