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MARCH-31 days.

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58 min. past 7 morning.
9 min. past 1 afternoon.
41 min. past 3 morning.
4 min. past 9 evening.
5 min. past 1 morning.

FORTUNA NON MUTAT GENUS-FORTUNE

ALTERS NOT THE NATURE.

1S St. David's Day.

2S1st Sund. in Lent. Quadra

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3M Royal Humane Society was founded in 1774 4 Tu "A small spark may perhaps lie hid." 5W Marquis of Rockingham re-appointed First Lord of the Treasury, 1782.-His appoint6Th ment gave rise to the following jeu d'esprit: "Truth to tell, if one may without shocking 'em,

Its motto is-" Lateat scintillula forsun"

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The nation's asleep, and the minister-
Rockingham!"

98 2nd Sunday in Lent. 10 M Etty (painter) born, 1787.

11 Tu Sir James Outram died, 1863. 12 W 13. President steamer sailed from New York (for England) 1841, and was never again 13 Th heard of.—

"There is no ray

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NOTES TO THE CALENDAR.

11.-SIR JAMES OUTRAM was one of the noblest heroes of our Indian empire-his career throughout being characterised by the most noble unselfishness. Without adverting to his previous gallant career in India, passing allusion may be made to his employment as commissioner to negotiate with the Ameer of Scinde, in 1841, which led to a serious quarrel with Sir Charles Napier, whose conduct he severely criticised. Nevertheless, throughout the campaign which ensued, which ended with the defeat of the Ameer at Meance, on the 17th of February, 1843, the ser

vices rendered by Sir James were of the most brilliant character, and caused Sir Charles to say of him, that he was the Bayard of India. sans peur, et sans reproche." And when the rich spoils of the conqueror were about to be distributed, Sir as I do, of the policy of this war, James nobly said-" Disapproving, will accept no share of the prize money!"

Sir James was one of the many heroes who played an important and Inoble part in the suppression of the great INDIAN MUTINY. Lying for weeks with only four thousand men entrenched at Alumbagh, he withstood all the onslaughts of the enemy. And when Havelock marched to the relief of Lucknow, Sir

James, although entitled by seni136 21 most touching and sublime unsel ority to the command, with the 242lant officer had already done, left fishness, recognising what this gal

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By which her doom we may explore; We only know she sailed away, Was seen, but never heard of more."

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19 W Bishop Ken died, 1711.

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to him the glory of completing the campaign. Alluding to this noble act, Lord Clyde said, "With such reputation as Outram has won for himself, he can readily afford to share that does not lessen the value of the sacrifice he has made with such disinterested generosity."

honour and glory with others, but

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19.-BISHOP KEN was the son of a London attorney, and was born in the year 1637, at Little Berkhamp stead, Hertfordshire. He received his education at Oxford, where he took his degrees. In the year 1669 | he was promoted by Morley, Bishop: in Winchester Cathedral. (This was of Winchester, to a prebend's stall ther-in-law, through the influence of Ken's broIzaak Walton.) The conscientious propriety of conduct and unyielding morality of Ken

found favour even with the licen

tious Charles II., who made him his chaplain, and afterwards preferred 8 Welle. him to the bishopric of Bath and

all the body is at once in a dt. The irresolute man is lifted from one place to another, and hath no place left to rest on. He flecks from one egg to another; so hatcheth nothing, but addles all his actions."FELTHAM.

several sermons and poems, as well

Bishop Ken was ibe author of

as some devotional books, which are now highly prized by Churchmen. He wrote the Morning Hymn"Awake, my soul, and with the sun, Thy daily stage of duty run;" And also the Evening Hymn :

"All praise to Thee, my God this night For all the blessings of the light.”

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WHAT PERSEVERANCE CAN ACCOMPLISH.

"People may tell you of being unfit for some peculiar occupa tion in life; but heed them not. . . . In learning the useful part of any profession, very moderate abilities will suffice."

GOLDSMITH,

Bishop Ken was most exemplary in performing the duties of his station. He was incessantly devising means for relieving the poor, and instructing the ignorant. He built the first workhouse, at Wells, which served as the model for many others. To these, and kindred objects, he devoted the principal part of his income. He was one of the seven bishops sent to the Tower of London for resisting the dispensing power of James II. On his release he lived a life of retirement, finding an asylum in Lord Weymouth's mansion of Longleat, where, as has been said-" he walked, and read, and hymned, and prayed," and slept to do the same again." Bishop Ken died in March, 1711, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, as he was on a journey to Bath. He had been in the habit of travelling for many years with his shroud in his portmanteau, which he always put on when attacked by illness; of this he gave notice the day before his death, in order to prevent his body from being stripped. He was carried to his grave in Frome churchThe father of WILLIAM ETTY was a miller at York, who also made yard, by six of the poorest men of the gingerbread, which his mother (the daughter of a ropemaker) sold. The parish, and buried under the eastern boy early showed a predilection for drawing, and covered every plain window of the church, at sunrise-in surface that came in his way with his efforts-his first crayon bereference to the words of his Morning a piece of chalk, which, as he advanced, gave place to a charred ing Hymn

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T is not often that the career of one man shows so strikingly the power of unflagging industry and indomitable perseverance to overcome obstacles and achieve brilliant success as does that of WILLIAM ETTY, the celebrated painter. The fame for which he long toiled and struggled came to him at last, and chiefly by reason of the resistless energy with which, in spite of failure and opposition that would have disheartened a less determined character, he adhered to the pursuit he had early in life decided to make his own. The truth of the proverb that everything comes to him who waits, was never more fully exemplified than in the circumstances of the life of this remarkable man, and which are here briefly recounted :-

stick. Of schooling the boy had but little; but he was piously taught by his parents, who were Methodists. Being sent from home in his "Awake, my soul, and with the sun. twelfth year, he was apprenticed to a letter-press printer in Hull, Bishop Ken was the author of where, when each long day's work was done, he found time to pursue several sermons, poems, &c., which the practice of drawing-for the faith that he should one day become were published by his nephew. a famous painter never deserted him. After serving seven weary 30.-TIRED of the perpetual wars he had written in which he declared he would be a painter, and years of apprenticeship, an uncle in London-moved by the letters in which the ambition of BONAPARTE had involved the French nation, the nothing else-invited him to the metropolis, where he arrived in 1805. reception given to the Allied Sove- After working for a few weeks as a journeyman priuter, his uncle, reigns on their entrance into Paris perceiving that he possessed great talents for drawing, provided him on the 31st of March, 1814, resembled with the means of entering the Royal Academy as a pupil, where he more that of a joyous people hailing and Etty was doomed to serve a long apprenticeship to Art, for his became a most diligent student. A hard struggle now commenced, the return of those whom they had sent out to conquer than of conprogress seemed so slow that the younger students were accustomed querors entering a captured city. to pity their plodding comrade. Having, however, attracted the atEvery roof and window was filled tention of Opie, Fuseli, and Sir Thomas Lawrence, Etty now comwith anxious and excited specta- menced studying in the life school, working harder still than he had tors; and the crowds in the streets done before. He was an unsuccessful competitor for the Royal Acawere so great, that it was with diffi- demy's gold and silver medals, and his works sent for exhibition were culty the troops could pass along.refused admission at the Academy till 1811 (he being then in his Cries of "Vive l'Empereur Alexan twenty-fourth year), when after a disheartening series of failures, dre!" "Vive le Roi de Prusse" his "Telemachus Rescuing Antiope" was permitted to appear on the "Vivent les Alliés!" "Vivent nos walls of the Royal Academy. The reward of his plodding industry Liberateurs!" were heard on all sides now came, for from that time forward his works found a place both the allied sovereigns passed at the Academy and the British Institutions. through a multitude of people whose enthusiasm knew no bounds. The Emperor Alexander of Russia, however, was the great attraction; every one tried to get a glimpse of him. His manner was extremely gracious and conciliatory; while his pronunciation of the French language was so perfect as to excite universal admiration. "We have been long expect ing you, ," said a French nobleman to him. "We should have been here sooner but for the bravery of your troops," was the complimentary answer of the Czar.

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It is also told of Alexander that during his stay in Paris he was present at a collection in aid of the funds of an hospital. The plate was held to his Majesty by an extremely pretty girl. As he gave his louis d'or, he whispered-" Mademoiselle, this is for your bright eyes." The girl curtseyed, and presented the plate again to him. "What?" said the Czar, "more!" "Yes, sir," said she; "I now want something for the poor." It hardly need be added that the something was very graciously given.

In 1816, having been generously assisted by his brother, Etty set out for Florence; but ill-health compelled him to return after a stay of three months: This short visit, however, had been of great service to the painter in the improvement of his art, for his genius, aided by so many long years of unwearied study, began to develop itself, and the pictures he now produced attracted great attention. In 1822 Etty's uncle died, who bequeathed him a considerable fortune, and this enabling him to prosecute his studies as he pleased, he proceeded on a tour to Italy-the home of art-where he copied some of the works of the great masters. Without following the career of Etty any further, it must suffice to say that he at length succeeded in the object of his early ambition, and became a great painter.

In the year 1848, being then in his sixty-second year, Etty reluct antly retired from the active pursuits of life, to enjoy his wellearned repose in his uative and much-loved city of York; but he did not enjoy his retirement long, for he died of congestion of the lungs, on the 13th of November, 1849. (But a few months before his decease he had the pleasure of seeing one hundred and twenty of his paintings collected and exhibited in his honour at the London Society of Arts.) He received from his townsmen a public funeral, and they laid him in a quiet corner of the churchyard of St. Olave, almost within the shadow of the fine old cathedral on which in his youthful days he had often gazed with love and admiration.

Etty has been described as being of a gentle and amiable disposition. Although always falling in love, he lived a long unmarried life. He had received nearly twenty thousand pounds as the result of his untiring labour, This sum, with five thousand pounds which his paintings and studies produced, he left the bulk of to his niece, and the remainder to his brother.

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21 M [Dr. Abernethy died, 1831. — A wise physician skilled our wounds

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to heal,

Is more than armies to the public weal.'-POPE.

Louis, of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1862.)

25 F Princess Alice born, 1843.-(Married Prince 4 46r 11 47 26 S Brauwer (Dutch painter) born, 1608. 7 12s After 272nd Sunday after Easter. 4 42r night 28 M [Gibbon (historian) born, 1737. Died on the

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16th of January, 1794.-The day before he 7 15s 1 8 29 Tu died, he was conversing with a friend on the probable duration of his life, and said 4 37r 132 30 W that he thought himself a good life for ten, 17 18s 1 53 twelve, or perhaps twenty years!

THE DUTIES OF LIFE.

SEEING that almost the whole of the day is devoted to business abroad, and the remainder of my time to domestic duties, there is none left for myself-that is, for my studies. For, on returning home, I have to talk with my wife, prattle with my children, and converse with my servants. All which things I number

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among the duties of life: since, if a man would not be a stranger in his own house, he must, by every means in his power, strive to render himself agreeable to those companions of his life whom Nature has provided, chance thrown in his way, or that he has himself chosen.-SIR J. MOORE.

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1.-THE eminent painter PIETRO PERUGINO (who had the honour of being the master of Raphael) was extremely avaricious and sordid. During a long life he amassed a considerable sum of money, and so fearful was he of losing it, that it was his practice to carry it about with him. One day some thieves, who had become acquainted with his habit, waylaid him, and robbed him

of his cherished gold,and although he recovered a portion of it, grief for the loss he experienced had so great an effect upon him that it hastened his death, which took place in 1524. In his latter years Perugino produced many works, which were quite unworthy of him, and this for the sake of the wealth he amassed only to hoard!-Two of Perugino's pictures are in the National Gallery.

10.-ROBERT DODSLEY was born in 1703, at Mansfield. He was apprenticed to a stocking weaver, which trade he left to become footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther. It was while occupying this humble position that he evinced that taste for literature which subsequently resulted in his making his "mark" in the world of letters. Having attracted the attention of Pope, under his encouragement he was induced to publish by subscription a volume of poems, entitled The Muse in Livery. This was successful; and it was followed by a satirical comedy, entitled The Toy-shop, to which Pope also extended his patronage. The profit on this work was sufficient to enable the author to set up in business as a bookseller in Pall Mall, where, by his prudence and steadi

ness, he became one of the chief of of his prosperity he never forgot the London publishers. But in the days risen; and it is told of him that one humble position from which he had day, Pope (who had always been his stedfast friend) was telling him of a certain person who was celebrated for the excellent dinners he gave his friends a statement which Dodsley "Yes, he corroborated by saying, does so. I know him well; for once I was in his service."

With all Dodsley's attention to business he contrived to find time

for the indulgence of his literary pur sion of works which have secured for him a name and place among the writers whose names are enrolled in

suits, and gave to the world a succes

the pages of literary biography.

12.-The REV. ROWLAND HILL one day heard two of his domestics disputing as to which of them should wash the hall, each declaring that "it was not her business." Sending them both out on an improvised errand, the eccentric clergyman took up the mop himself, and when, upon returning, they found him busy at his self-imposed work, they each warmly, protested against his being engaged in so menial an occupation. "Pooh! pooh!" said he, "it is not your business, Peggy; nor yours, Jane; so it must be mine, I suppose!" [It scarcely needs to be mentioned, that the hall was regularly cleansed after this without any dispute.]

"THE PUREST TREASURE IS A SPOTLESS REPUTATION."

26.-ADRIAN BRAUWER, a painter of the Dutch school, was born at Haerlam in the year 1608-his father being a common house painter. His life-full of brilliant promise and undeveloped power as it was-should be a warning to those who are in danger of falling into habits of intemperance, for to that failure and early termination of Brauwer's career must be attributed.

From his earliest years, and without any instruction, the boy exhibited a marked predilection for painting the flowers and birds that were then worn on the hats of peasant women, which his mother sold to enable her to support the family. Being apprenticed to Frauz Halis, a skilful painter, he made a profitable use of the boy's talents, keeping him at work by himself in a small garret, where he was half-killed by hard labour and scanty diet, while Hals and his wife sold his productions at high prices. One of Brauwer's companions, Van Ostade, (the celebrated painter,) advised him to run away from his master. He did so, and proceeded to Amsterdain, where, to his great delight and astonishment, he found his paintings well-known and highly esteemed. Commencing to work for himself, he earned considerable sums, and might have acquired a fortune, but giving himself up to a life of debauchery and dissipation, he would only work when the means of indulgence in intemperance failed. His usual plan was, when in want of money, to paint a picture and offer it for sale, and if not purchased at the price fixed, he would burn it and paint another with more

care.

During the war in the Low Countries Brauwer paid a visit to Antwerp, where he was arrested as a spy. To prove to the authorities that he was a painter, he asked for the materials to enable him to produce a specimen of his skill, and these being supplied, Brauwer immediately executed a sketch of a group of Spanish soldiers at play before his window. Upon

the piece being shown to Rubens, the celebrated painter, he immediately exclaimed, "This is the work of Brauwer! No other artist could produce such a sketch!" Rubens now evinced a lively interest in Brauwer, and having considerable influence with the authorities, he procured his liberty, clothed him, and introduced him to his own home. But nothing could induce him to remain with his benefactor, and he soon found his way once more into his favourite scenes of low dissipation. Becoming involved in some disorders, Brauwer, with some of his dissolute companions, made themselves amenable to the laws of justice, and were compelled to take refuge in France. Unemployed, Brauwer wandered about in Paris and other towns, until reduced to the greatest distress, he was compelled by his necessities to return to Antwerp, where, falling ill, he was taken to the hospital, and died in the 32nd year of his age, a victim to his own vices and intemperance, and a melancholy example of misapplied talents. Rubens, who had forgiven and forgotten the painter's ingratitude, and remembering only his great talents, had his body honourably interred in the church of the Carmelites.

AN ERRING JUDGE.

"The world to Bacon does not only owe

Its present knowledge, but its future, ios."-DRYDEN.

NE of the most remarkable figures in English historywhose career was as brilliant as his fall was great-is the celebrated LORD BACON, whose life has furnished the theme for moralists and the text for many a homily during the two hundred and fifty years which have elapsed since he first astonished the world by the extent and variety of his learning, as well as by the great venality of his conduct. His talents were of the highest order of power, as well as of versatility; and although as a judge he was possessed of a singular judicial faculty, he is perhaps best known to fame by the contributions which he made to scientific knowledge. His great works are the Novum Organum, and the De Augmentis Scientiarum, which were, in fact, the foundation of what is known as the Baconian philosophy. was, however, more than a judge and a student of science; in society he shone as a star of the first magnitude-as a brilliant and delightful companion who could adapt himself to company of every kind and degree. It is, however, but too probable that some of these very qualities may be considered as conducing to the course of circumstances which led to the fall from his high estate, which, while it apparently diminished but little of his personal and social comfort, has detracted much, in the eyes both of his contemporaries and of posterity, from the glory of him who was the most distinguished man that ever held the Great Seal of England. The following is a brief outline of his career :

He

FRANCIS BACON was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and was born in the year 1560. Speaking of his childhood, Lord Campbell, in his Lives of the Lord Chancellors, says

"The Lord Keeper was too much occupied with his official duties to be able to do more than kiss him, hear him occasionally recite a little piece he had learnt by heart, and give him his blessing. But Lady Bacon, who was not only a tender mother, but a woman of highly-cultivated mind after the manner of her age, devoted herself assiduously to her youngest child, who, along with bodily weakness, exhibited from early infancy the dawnings of extraordinary intellect."

Under his mother's care, and that of a domestic tutor, the boy continued until he reached his thirteenth year, when he was sent to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he stayed three years, making great progress in all the sciences. After travelling some time in France, he returned to England, and studied for the profession of the law, which he pursued so successfully that he was made counsel-extraordinary to Queen Elizabeth before he was twenty-eight years of age. He entered Parliament in 1593, and was knighted in 1603. From this time he continued to advance in reputation, and eventually became solicitor-general. The office of Lord Keeper was given him in 1617; and soon afterwards he was made Lord Chancellor, BARON VERULAM, and VISCOUNT ST. ALBAN'S. But from this time may be dated the beginning of his miserable fall; for his conduct, in various circumstances, involving his own pecuniary advantage, became so atrocious, that national justice demanded an inquiry. The public mind became excited; and when Parliament met, they took up the investigation; a committee of grievances was formed, which proceeded to inquire into the various monopolies, patents, and grants of concealment which had caused so much suffering and injustice. The result was that Bacon was charged with twenty distinct cases of bribery and corruption, in which he had received bribes and presents amounting to upwards of eleven thousand pounds. He made a written confession of the truth of the chief part of the charges brought against him, in which he said

"Upon advised consideration of the charge, descending into my own conscience and calling my memory to account, so far as I am able, I do plainly and ingenuously confess that I am guilty of corruption, and do renounce all defence, and put myself upon the grace and mercy of your lordships. I beseech your lordships to be merciful to a broken reed." He concluded with these emphatic words: "I do again confess, that in the points charged upon me, although they should be taken as myself have declared them, there

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NOTES TO THE CALENDAR.

7.-THE invention of the art of LITHOGRAPHY is ascribed to ALOIS SENEFELDER-and is another illustration of the truth that great and simple discoveries very frequently result from the pressure of necessity and poverty.

Senefelder was born in Prague, in the year 1771; and his father, a popular actor, brought up his son to the same profession. Senefelder, however, forsook acting for authorship, into print, set himself to discover and being too poor to get his works copies of a manuscript than the some cheaper mode of multiplying usual plan of having it done by the After many letter-press printer.

trials and failures, he by chance hit upon the mode of printing from stone which is now known as lithography; but his extreme poverty proved a great stumbling-block to him. He had some slight success at

first in the printing of music, but the want of a sufficiently good press stopped him in his endeavours, and the invention not only fell into dis

credit, but he lost the little mouey Nowise he had ventured as well. disheartened, however, Senefelder devoted the whole energy of his

thought to perfecting the invention.

and applied himself to the study of chemistry with a view to its utilisation as a means of printing from Eventually the value of the stone. invention was recognised in Ger

many-the art became known as succeeded in getting it into success"Polyautography"-and Senefelder ments; in 1809 he received a welcome ful operation in several establishreward for his perseverance in the shape of an appointment as Inspector of the Royal Lithographic Establishment of Bavaria. From this period he obtained considerable support, and went to Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and London, to secure pa tents for his invention. In 1819 he received the gold medal of the London Society of Arts; and in the same year published an interesting account of his various experiments, failures, and successes, which was translated into English under the title of "A Complete Course of Lithography.'

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Senefelder died at Munich in the year 1834. On the 16th of Novem

25 S Sunday after Ascension. 3 57r 11 37 4 ber, 1577, the 100th anniversary of

26 M [Princess Helena born, 1846.

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his birthday, a monument was un

covered in that city, as the inscription states, in honour of ALOIS SENEFELDER, "the inventor of lithographic printing." D

After William Pitt born, 1759; died in 1806.-Pitt night was returned to Parliament for Appleby at 8 A. M. the age of 22; and when he made his first speech in the House, Burke said to his 3 52r 030 8 friends-"This is not merely a chip of the old block-but the old block itself!" 8 3s 048 9 Marshal Lannes (mortally wounded at the 3 50r 1 410 battle of Asperne) died, 1809.

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[Lithographic stones are found at Solenhofen, near Pappenheim, on the Danube, in Bavaria. They have also been found in the West Indies, Canada, Silesia, France; and Eng. land.]

17.-JUAN FERNANDEZ NAVARETTE was born at Logrono, in the year 1562. He has been called the "Spanish Titian," and was surnamed "El Mudo" (the Dumb), having been seized with an illness when two years old, which left him dumb for life.

But although so grievously afflicted he displayed from his infancy a strong passion for drawing, and with a piece of charcoal he frequently covered the walls of his

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