expectation of receiving orders from Washington, or assistance from General Hooker. Then too he could only have retreated on Saturday night with the loss of McReynolds' brigade, which, after their march of thirty miles. from Berryville, were too much fatigued to go any further that night. Had Milroy been advised of the approach of Ewell twenty-four hours earlier, and McReynolds been ordered to fall back upon Harper's Ferry, and he himself had gone to the same place, the disaster of Winchester would have been avoided. This disaster, however, was not without some compensation. The appearance of the enemy there in force, and their detention for a day or two, sent a note of warning throughout the entire North, and afforded time to raise troops and organize them for effective resistance.

As previously stated, while Early's and Johnson's divisions were attacking Milroy at Winchester, Rodes marched upon Berryville. After pursuing for awhile McReynolds, who had received timely notice and had been ordered to proceed to Winchester, Rodes, preceded by Jenkins"

cavalry referred to were part of the first cavalry regiment of the war. It was known as "The First New York;" and also, "The Lincoln Cavalry." It was this same company under Captain Boyd that covered the retreat of McReynolds' wagon-train, as related in the ensuing chapter, and which engaged Jenkins and the advance of Rodes near Greencastle, Monday, June 22d, in what is known as the first battle of the rebellion upon Pennsylvania soil. And it was another company of this same regiment under the heroic and dauntless Captain Jones, that fought and defeated twice their number of Imboden's men in McConnellsburg, Monday, June 29th, capturing as many of the enemy as there were of their own number, besides killing two and wounding one, and putting the balance to flight. Captain Jones and his brave command figured again in a dash upon the great wagon-train in its retreat from Gettysburg, which will be related in its appropriate place. This regiment was one of the most heroic and gallant in the Federal service, and its achievements as related by Captain Stephenson, will be read with great interest.

THE DISASTER OF MILROY.

87

cavalry, followed McReynolds' wagon - train, which had headed for Martinsburg instead of following on to Winchester, arriving at the former place late in the afternoon of Sunday, June 14th. This place was held by a small detachment under Colonel Tyler, who formed his men in line outside of the place and resisted Rodes' attack until darkness set in, when his infantry escaped to Shepherdstown, and his artillery and cavalry to Williamsport. The whole force, after suffering the loss of five guns and five caissons rejoined the main body at Harper's Ferry. All the troops now at that place, because of its indefensible position, moved across the river to Maryland Heights, which was strongly fortified.

Immediately upon the defeat of Milroy at Winchester, General Ewell advanced the divisions of Early and Johnson to the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, between Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry, where they remained a few days before they crossed the Potomac into Maryland. Jenkins' cavalry continued the pursuit of McReynolds' wagon - train, which crossed the river at Williamsport, and made its way down the valley through Chambersburg. Jenkins' force crossed at Williamsport on the evening of Sunday, June 14th. On the following day (Monday, 15th) the brigades of Ramseur, Iverson and Dole, with three batteries of artillery, also crossed at the same place; and on the following days, the 16th, 17th, and 18th, the balance of the division crossed and all encamped near the town, remaining there until the following week when the advance down the Cumberland Valley commenced. Leaving these troops at the places named, with Hill's corps en route for the valley, and Longstreet and

Stuart yet at Culpeper, and with the Army of the Potomac on the march northward east of the Blue Ridge, we next turn our attention to important events transpiring in the loyal states, and also to the advance of Jenkins' cavalry.

CHAPTER III.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE RECEPTION OF THE ENEMY- ADVANCE OF JENKINS' CAVALRY.

HE stirring events about to be related will be better understood if the reader is familiar with the geographical features of the country to which the action of the campaign is now to be transferred. In order to supply this knowledge, I will state it thus: Commencing at the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, and extending down to the southern border of the State and through the States of Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina into Tennessee, is a large and beautiful valley, ranging in width from fifteen to twenty-five miles. It is bounded on the west by a range of mountains, known as the North Mountain; and on the east, by the South Mountain, down to the Potomac, and from thence down through Virginia, by the same general range, called the Blue Ridge. From the Susquehanna to the Potomac this valley is called the Cumberland Valley; and from the last named river down through Virginia, it is known as the Shenandoah Valley. The principal towns through this valley are Harrisburg, fifty-two miles from Chambersburg; Mechanicsburg, forty-three miles; Carlisle, thirty-one miles; Newville, twenty-two miles, and Shippensburg, eleven miles. South of the town are Marion, six miles; Greencastle, eleven miles; Hagerstown, twenty

two miles, and Martinsburg, forty-two miles. At the time of the war the Cumberland Valley Railroad, commencing at Harrisburg, passed down through this valley to Hagerstown, touching at all the places named, except Martinsburg. It has since been extended to that place. There is also a turnpike road from Harrisburg down through this valley, passing through nearly all the places named. Williamsport, one of the principal fords of the Potomac, is distant from Hagerstown in a south-westerly direction six miles. A good road runs direct from Greencastle to that place, and is some three miles nearer than by way of Hagerstown,-the distance being fourteen miles, and by way of Hagerstown, seventeen miles.

The valley between the Susquehanna and Potomac is crossed by several good roads or turnpikes, the principal of which are, the National Pike, which extends from Baltimore to Wheeling, crossing the South Mountain by Turner's Pass, and passing through Frederick, Boonsborough, Hagerstown, Clearspring, and other places; the road by Monterey Pass above Waynesborough, from which, on the eastern side of the mountain, roads diverge to Frederick, Emmittsburg, and Gettysburg; the pike running from Baltimore to Pittsburg, crossing the mountain by Newman's Pass, and passing through Westminster, Gettysburg, Cashtown, Greenwood, and Chambersburg; and the pike which runs from points east of the mountain to Carlisle and crosses by Mount Holly.

In the public square of Chambersburg the Pittsburg and Baltimore pike crosses the road from Harrisburg to Winchester at right-angles-the former running almost directly east and west. Now taking a stand here and