The Great Invasion of 1863 ...

Stuart's Cavalry leaves its Encampment on the South bank of the Rap-
pahannock and moves Northward - Precautionary Movements of
the Federal Army-The Safety of the National Capital, General
Hooker's Paramount Object - Magnificent Strategy, and the Ap-
proaches to Washington all Covered - Cavalry Engagement at Aldie
and Upperville-General Stuart Sealed Up in the Valley-Advance
of General Knipe from Harrisburg -- General Lee issues a General
Order at Berryville Relating to the Conduct of his Troops, and the
taking of Supplies - New York Militia in Camp a mile South of
Chambersburg-A Suspicious Person visits the Camp-Rodes'
Division Advances from Williamsport -Jenkins' cavalry Advance
to Marion - Surprised and Fall Back, Pursued by a Company of
Federal Cavalry- First Battle of the War upon Pennsylvania Soil
— Observations from a Tree Top, and the Confederate Advance Re-
ported to General Knipe - Panic Among the New York Militia-men
-Cowardly Flight-A Federal Officer Shoots his Horse-Slander-
ous Stories told by these Panic-stricken Men - General Order issued
by Lieutenant General Ewell-Johnson and Early cross the Poto-
mac and Advance to Hagerstown - Early Deflects to the East and
passes down the Valley by way of Waynesborough, Quincy, and
Funkstown to Greenwood-Jenkins Re-enters Chambersburg-
Requisition made for Supplies -— Requisitions upon Greencastle by
General Ewell-Rodes' Division Enters and Passes Through Cham-
bersburg-Arrival of General Ewell-General Order Relating to
the Disposition of Liquor-Requisition upon Chambersburg for
Supplies-Examination of Stores-Immense Losses of the Citizens
of Chambersburg-Printing done for the Confederates - Shrewd
Financiering-Occupation of Shirk's Hill and Cannon Planted—
Stewart's Brigade of Infantry marches from Greencastle to McCon-
nellsburg-Battle of North Mountain-Undue Importance Attached
to this Affair-Hill's and Longstreet's Corps cross the Potomac
and Advance down the Valley-Confederate Court-Martial-Addi-
tional Requisitions for Supplies — Passage of Johnson's Division -
General Early visits Ewell near Chambersburg - Method of Send-
ing Information to the Authorities at Harrisburg-Perilous Escape
of some of our Dispatch Bearers - Arrival of Hill's Corps - De-
scription of General Hill-Lee and his Staff in the Public Square
-Council between Lee and Hill-Immense Importance of this
Council-A Historic Scene - Eagerness to see which way the Con-
federate Commander and his Staff would take-Turns Eastward-

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Immediate Dispatch of this Fact to Harrisburg— Benjamin S.
Huber, the Heroic Dispatch Bearer-Interesting Account of his
Trip-Closeted with the Governor of Pennsylvania and the Mili-
tary Authorities-Lee's whereabouts known at Washington early
in the day following his Entrance into Chambersburg - Descrip-
tion of General Lee and his Brilliant Staff-British Officers with
the Grand Cavalcade - Lee makes his Head Quarters upon the
Eastern Outskirts of Chambersburg - Destruction of Hon. Thad-
deus Stevens' Iron Works by General Early-Early crosses the
South Mountain and marches upon Gettysburg - Requisitions upon
Gettysburg-General Imboden crosses the Potomac and Enters
Pennsylvania - Plundering by the Way-Jenkins' Cavalry pass
through Carlisle - Falling Back of the Federal Troops under Gen-
eral Knipe - Arrival of Longstreet's Corps - General Order by Lee
-Humanity of the Confederate Chieftain Commendable Behavior
of the Confederates - Lee's Orders generally Observed - A few
Outrages only by Stragglers-Citizens Caught in out of the way
places Robbed - Hats, Boots, and Watches taken - Mr. Strite Mur-
dered and his body Secreted-Scouring the Country for Supplies
- Precautionary Measures in some Localities-Mountain Passes
Fortified by the Farmers to Secure their Horses - Brilliant Dash
by Captain Dahlgreen upon the Confederate Communications at
Greencastle- - Prisoners and Confederate Mail Captured and Hur-
ried Across the Mountain to the Union Head-Quarters - Rodes' In-
fantry passes through Carlisle - Requisitions upon Mechanicsburg
by General Jenkins-Early's Division Enters York - Requisitions
made upon the Town - A ransom of One Hundred Thousand Dol-
lars Demanded - Part of this Amount Paid Over-Insolent Order,
or Address to the People - General Gordon with his Brigade Ad-
vances to Wrightsville on the Susquehanna - Object of this Move-
ment - Immense Importance of Preventing the Confederates from
Seizing the Columbia Bridge crossing the River at that place —
Hurried Concentration of Militia under Colonel Frick - Breast-
works thrown up on the Western Bank of the River-Resistance
made at this Place-Threatened to be out-flanked, the small Federal
force Recrosses the River to Columbia-Order from General Couch
to Destroy the Bridge when it could no longer be held - The Torch
Applied - Official Account by Colonel Frick - An Unusual Sun-
day's Occurrence in Chambersburg — Breaking Open of Stores and
Cellars Colonel Freemantle's Account of this Day's Work-
Disposition of Confederate Scrip- Another Clerical Financier-
Visit to General Lee in his Camp by Mrs. Ellen McClellan - Inter-
esting Account of the Interview - Skirmish at Oyster's Point-

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CONTENTS.

Collision between Federal Cavalry and part of Imboden's force
upon the North Mountain-Defeat of Confederate Cavalry in Mc-
Connellsburg by Captain Jones — Ignominious Flight of Pennsyl-
vania Militia - Heth's Division of Hill's Corps crosses the South
Mountain and Encamps about Cashtown - Advance of the Divis
ions of Generals Hood and McLaws - Pickett's Division Remains
near Chambersburg and Destroys the Railroad-Visit of Dr. J. L.
Suesserott to General Lee's Head-Quarters-Lee's Nervousness
Description of the Confederate Army - Manner of Marching-Per-
fect Discipline - Behavior of the Men-Laughable Occurrences—
Depression and Discouragement of Some-Cases of Desertion —
Surprise at our Magnificent Country-Ignorance of what was going
on while under Confederate Rule - Richmond Papers our only
Source of Information-Depressing Stories of Confederate Victories
told us - Patriotic Feelings and Expressions of our People-Im-
menseness of Lee's Army-Its Probable Length-Observations
from a Church Steeple - Return of Ewell's Great Wagon Train and
its Rapid Passage Eastward-Significance of this Movement and
Report of the same sent to Harrisburg-Perilous Adventures of
Rev. S. W. Pomeroy while bearing this Dispatch — Information of
this Concentration Forwarded to the Head-Quarters of the Army
of the Potomac, and General Meade put in Possession of it Before
Daylight - Cause of this Concentration- Arrival of General Long-
street's Scout - The Federal Army heard from-The Order to
Attack Harrisburg Countermanded, and a Concentration about Cash-
town Ordered-Places Occupied by the Different Corps and Divis-
ions of Lee's Army when this Order for Concentration was issued·
Routes taken by each-Early marches from York by way of East
Berlin, and passes the night near Heidlersburg-Rodes marches
from the Vicinity of Carlisle, and crosses the South Mountain by
Mt. Holly Gap, and unites with Early-Longstreet and Lee ride
together from the vicinity of Chambersburg and Encamp together
over night at Greenwood -- Pender's and Anderson's Divisions of
Hill's Corps march from Fayetteville and Greenwood and join
Heth at Cashtown-Johnson's Division of Ewell's Corps Retraces
its Steps from the Vicinity of Shippensburg to Greenvillage, and
passes directly across to Greenwood by way of Scotland, where it
remains over night-Jenkins' Cavalry crosses the South Mountain
by Mt. Holly Gap, and enters into and Plunders Petersburg — Re-
ceives Dispatches and hurries on to Gettysburg-The Cavalry Bri-
gades of Generals Beverly Robertson and William E. Jones cover
the Withdrawal of Rodes from the Valley-Imboden's Cavalry
Occupies Chambersburg - Ordered by Lee they Advance to Green-

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wood to Prevent his Communications from being Interrupted by
any Federal Advance by way of the Pine Grove Road - The Cav-
alry Brigades of Robertson and Jones Return from down the Valley
and passing through Chambersburg go on to Gettysburg-Con-
federate Advance from Cashtown under General Pettigrew upon a
Reconnoissance to near Gettysburg-They Fall Back to Marsh
Creek, where they Remain over night — Arrival of the Divisions of
Hood and McLaws at Marsh Creek - Location of each Corps and
Division of the Confederate Army during the Night Before the
First Day's Engagement...

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114

CHAPTER V.

The Advance of the Federal Army.

General Hooker, advised of the whereabouts of the Confederate Army,
crosses the Potomac and marches Northward-Daily Movements
of each Corps of the Federal Army-Left Wing thrown across the
Potomac Crampton's and Turner's Passes Covered-Thorough-
fare Gap Uncovered and Stuart emerges from the Valley-Com-
pelled to pass around to the East of the Federal Army - Right
Wing crosses the Potomac - The Twelfth Corps moves to the Point
of Rocks to unite with General French at Maryland Heights with
the view to fall upon Lee's rear-Disagreement of General Halleck
with this Plan-Correspondence between Generals Halleck and
Hooker Hooker Resigns the Command and General Meade put
in his place - A Dark Sabbath-day in the Nation's History-Com-
munications with Washington cut by Stuart - His Cavalry ad-
vance Creates Intense Excitement in Baltimore and Washington -
Supreme Patriotism of the Army and Willing Acceptance of the
Change of Commanders- Meade and Reynolds in Council-Gen-
eral Kilpatrick Supersedes General Stahl in Command of his
Cavalry Division-Custer, Merritt, and Farnsworth made Brigadier
Generals of Cavalry-The Army passes through Frederick City —
That place its point of divergence - Erratic Movements of General
Stuart-Intercepted by Kilpatrick at Hanover, a Severe Engagement
is the Result- Ignorant of Early's Departure from York, Stuart
continues on toward that place-Crosses Early's and White's routes,
but ignorant of the course they went- Deceived by a False Report
he crosses over to Carlisle-Steady and Cautious Advance of the
Federal Army-Explorations of the Country made, and the Line
of Pipe Creek chosen for the expected Battle- Instructions Issued
to the Corps Commanders, and an Order or Address to the Army-
Reynolds sent by way of Emmittsburg toward Gettysburg-Buford's
Cavalry passes through Gettysburg, and encamps over night twe