Mr. village of RULE 61. Examples. John E. D—1. You are a f-1. In the the year 1875. He called him a l—r. · A dash is generally placed before the answer to a question when they both belong to the same line. RULE 62.- A dash is often used instead of the parenthesismarks. At midnight, Example. strange, mystic hour! when the veil between the frail present, etc. REMARK 1.This use of the dash has become common among writers of the present day. The dash appears neater upon the printed page than the parenthesis-marks. Neither should be employed, however, where the use may be easily avoided. RULE 63. A dash is commonly used before an expression. repeated for special emphasis. Examples. He sold the whole tract of land for five dollars, for five dollars, about the value of one acre. He is confident that he saw, saw, recollect, the building while it was burning. No, sir, no, sir, I will not do it. RULE 64. A dash is generally placed after the sentence which introduces a quotation, when the quotation commences a new paragraph. Example. We find the following sentiment in the writings of Edward Everett: "What considerate man can enter a school, and not reflect, with awe, that it is a seminary where immortal minds are training for eternity?" RULE 65. A dash is frequently employed to avoid too many paragraphs. Examples. Ladies and Gentlemen. - Time produces many changes in the circumstances of every individual. Life on the Nile. - The Nile is the Paradise of travel. Bayard Taylor. Without the dash, in the above examples, the first would be written in two separate paragraphs, Ladies and Gentlemen being in one, and the remaining lines in the other. The second example would consist of three different paragraphs, Life on the Nile being the first, Bayard Taylor the last. Exercise. Correct the following mistakes in punctuation. 1. Charles came home late, went immediately to his room, did not arise at the usual hour in the morning, he was dead. 2. Consult the following pages; 4 28. 3. Mr. Prosey. 4. In the town of 5. What a lovely hymn is that commencing: 6. Chapters 9 66 contain all that relates to business laws. 7. As I left the house, a little scamp called out: "Glad you're gone, old f 1." 8. "D 1 take the hindmost," said the constable. 9. He talked, he reasoned, he shouted, the storm burst. 10. "You are a 1 11. "Gone?" 12. CONTENTMENT. r," said the drunken rascal. 66 Yes, gone." I knew a man that had health and riches, and several houses, all beautiful and ready furnished, and would often trouble himself and family to be removing from one house to another; and being asked by a friend why he removed so often from one house to another, replied, "It was to find content in some of them." Izaak Walton. 13. Nature teaches her children, we are all her children, to follow the course which will make us happy. 14. Lord Macaulay thus speaks of Liberty: "There is only one cure for the evils which newly acquired freedom produces, and that cure is freedom.” 15. Did you leave the house before dark? I did. 16. Idleness, idleness, I say, produces more than half the misery in the world. 17. The subject occupies 19 pages; from page 74 98. 18. I do now declare, in the very face of such assertions, and I will prove, prove, mind, that all. LESSON XXIV. QUOTATION-MARKS. ANY passage taken from another person's sayings is said to be quoted. Such passages may consist of a single sentence or several sentences; of one word or several words; of a phrase or clause; of a paragraph or several paragraphs. The passage may be taken from an author's published words, from his public speeches, or his private conversation. RULE 66. Every quoted passage is inclosed in quotationmarks. Examples. The Bible says: "Love your enemies." "Some feelings are to mortals given, With less of earth in them than heaven; And if there be a human tear From passion's dross refined and clear, A tear so limpid and so meek, It would not stain an angel's cheek, "You see," said the captain, "I understand matters of this kind." This is the "fashion" of these times. Peter declares he means "to spot" him the first chance he gets. REMARK 1.—Some expressions, which are of such a nature that everybody knows they are quoted, need not be inclosed in the quotation-marks. For example, the titles of books, names of places, names of ships, etc., as Allen's Latin Grammar, The Hudson River, The Flying Fish. RULE 67. Quotations consisting of more than one paragraph have the first quotation-mark at the beginning of each paragraph, but the second is used only at the end of the last paragraph. Example. "That it is the right and the duty of all men to exercise their reason in inquiries concerning religion, is a truth so manifest that it may be presumed there are none who will be disposed to call it in question. "Without reason there can be no religion; for in every step which we take in examining the evidences of revelation, in interpreting its meaning, or in assenting to its doctrines, the exercise of this faculty is indispensable. "When the evidences of Christianity are exhibited, an appeal is made to the reason of men for its truth; but all evidence and all argument would be perfectly futile, if reason were not permitted to judge of their force." REMARK 2.-This is particularly applicable to poetry, where each stanza of a quoted poem is regarded as a paragraph. REMARK 3. If the extract quoted consists of paragraphs taken from different parts of a piece of composition, each paragraph is actually a separate quotation, and should have the quotation-points both before and after it. RULE 68. When it is desirable to call especial attention to any quoted passage, the first quotation-mark may be used at the commencement of each line. Examples. "There is one point in connection with the subject of the "management of worldly affairs which ought not to be passed "by, and which is yet an indispensable condition of human 'happiness. I mean the duty of every man to bring his 66 66 expenses and his pecuniary liabilities fairly within his "control." "They left the plowshare in the mold, "To right those wrongs, come weal, come woe, REMARK 4. Some writers would prefer to change the quoted passage to italics rather than use so many quotation-marks, and perhaps, for a quotation such as the second above given, this would be the better way. The use of quotation-marks, however, prevents the necessity of employing italic letters where the author himself has not done so, and where he would not, in some cases at least, wish to do so. RULE 69. When a quotation contains a quotation, the latter has but one half the first quotation-mark before it, and one half the second mark after it. Example. "Then did the little maid reply, REMARK 5. — A quotation within a quotation in a quoted passage should have the full quotation-marks. Exercise. Use the quotation-marks, where needed, in the following exercise. 1. Hume says: There are few great personages in history who have been more exposed to the calumny of enemies, and the adulation of friends, than Queen Elizabeth. |