A Treatise on Civil Engineering

abutments air-lock arch arranged artificial bars beam béton blocks bolts bottom breaking strain brick bridge caisson calcined carbonic carbonic acid cast iron centre chains chord clay common lime compression concrete connected construction counterforts courses cross curved cylinder deflection depth diagonal diameter durability effect engineer experiments exterior feet foundation fracture give hard heat Hodgkinson horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime hydraulic mortar immersion interior joints kiln laid layers length limestones lower magnesia masonry mass material ments metal mortar ordinary piers pillars placed plates Portland cement pressure proportion puzzolana resistance ribs roadway Roman cement sand sheeting piles side slaked soffit soil solid span specific gravity square inch steel stone strength structure struts suitable surface suspended temperature tensile tensile strength termed thickness timber tion transverse strain truss tube upper usually vertical voussoirs wall weight wire wrought iron yield