that in using the term "subsidized in reference to this Journal, somebody is rendering themselves liable for a LIBEL suit. We are not in the habit or custom of settling such matters in the courts of law, but the Journal A. M. A. is none the less liable for a suit for damages.

As to what is said in regard to our using the letter sent to us by Mr. Frank Ruf, said letter was not copyrighted, and we had the right to use any part of it that we saw fit. Courtesy between gentlemen, however would suggest that permission be asked from the writer. This we did, and after having prepared the "leading editorial" we mailed a copy to Mr. Ruf. From a letter dated St. Louis, Mo., April 20, ult., and signed by Mr. J. E. Eggers, manager of the Antikamnia Chemical Co., and received at this office on the following day, we quote:

"DEAR DOCTOR :- Replying to your favor of yesterday to our Mr. Ruf, we beg to state that Mr. Ruf is at present on his way to San Francisco, having a sister and other relatives there about whose welfare he is greatly concerned.

"Your editorial is heartily appreciated, but we think it would have been stronger if cut down one half, and if couched in your own original, virile language. However, it expresses the views of those opposed to the Octopus' and will be of value to all interested."

ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES OF THE MEDICAL AND DENTAL DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF

TENNESSEE.

THE regular commencement exercises of the Medical and Dental Departments of the State University were held in this city at Watkins Hall on the evening of Tuesday, May 1. The following gentlemen received their degrees of Doctors of Medicine and Doctors of Dentistry :

:

The Medical Graduates were: Bingham, G. D., N. C.; Boothe, S. P., Texas; Bristow, S. W., Ky.; Bush, John W., Ark.; Dildy, E. V., Ark.; Eckhardt, H. C., Texas; Goolsby, Elbert, Texas; Hatcher, G. E., Ill.; Lee, H. F., Miss.; Holt, J. M., Ark.;Huffman, S. W., Tenn.; Irwin, William S., Texas; Lanski, Jacob, Russia; Makita, Hyozo, Japan; Mock, L. E., Tenn.; Proctor, J. M., Ark.; Rickman, J. R., Tenn.; Saliba, G. M., Turkey; Saunders, E. M., Tenn.; Sawyer, T. E., Tenn.; Sims, H. J., Ala.; Smoot, T. M., Tenn.; Wallace, J. E., Tenn.; Wilson, W. M., Tenn.; and Wylie, R. L., Tenn.

The Dental Graduates were: Black, R. H., Miss.; Blume, I., La.; Fly, W. P., Tenn.; George, W. S., Ark.; Huston, E. G., Texas; Jackman, A. C., Ky.; McCall, D. A., Texas; and Powers, Willard F., Miss.

The large hall was well filled by an intelligent and appreciative audience, the fair sex predominating.

The exercises began at 8 o'clock, and, from the profusion of bouquets

for the graduates that were upon the rostrum it appeared as though the place had been decorated for the occasion with the prettiest flowers procurable.

Following an opening number by Pelletieri's Orchestra, the faculty and graduating classes of the college marched in from the outer hall, the faculty occupied seats upon the platform and the young medical and dental graduates filled the first three rows of seats in the hall.

The appearance of both faculty and students in caps and gowns was an impressive feature.

Dr. Paul F. Eve, Dean of the Medical Department, acted as Master of Ceremonies, introducing Bishop Thomas F. Gailor, who delivered the invocation in an earnest and sincere prayer for God's blessing upon the young men who were about to begin their careers in their chosen professions.

Prof. Perry Bromberg, M. D., delivered in an eloquent manner the Charge to the Graduates, which we place in full in the Original Department of this issue.

Bishop Thos. F. Gailor, of the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee, then addressed both the graduating classes, the mention of his name being the signal for applause. He said that greater discoveries had been made by the medical profession during the past one hundred years than by any other people.

He spoke eloquently of the distinction and privilege of belonging to this class of men and laid great stress upon the responsibility of the members of the profession, a responsibility which stopped only at human life. advocated a lofty conception and, though more might be expected, yet in the end more could also be accomplished if the aims were high. He gave a number of definitions of man, concluding with the statement that men were the sons of God and should always be impelled and controlled by the best and noblest motives- should have the highest ideals.

"Faith," he said, "is essential - do your work in your own way and believe in it. Your high ideal can be attained by honest conscientious effort and persistency and faith. Do not yield too much to commercialism, but cultivate unselfishness and love for God and for your fellowmen."

The degrees were then conferred upon the graduates by Prof. Brown Ayres, President of the university, who delivered a brief address of congratulation.

Prof. D. R. Neil, M. D., awarded the prizes to the M. D.'s with an appropriate preface to their distribution.

The faculty medal and first honors went to Dr. Herman C. Eckhardt of Texas. The second honor medal was presented to George E. Hatcher of Illinois, while the third was won by John R. Rickman of Tennesseee.

The interneships were given to George E. Hatcher, City Hospital, and John R. Rickman, County Hospital.

The prizes won in the dental department were awarded by Prof. Jos

Meadors, the first honor and faculty medal going to Mr. Wm. Paxton Fly, the second to A. C. Jackman, and the Dean's medal also to Mr. Fly. Mr. C. O. Ray received honorable mention for his capable work. The exercises closed with a benediction pronounced by Bishop Gailor.

THE MODERN MANAGEMENT OF MALARIAL ANEMIA.

ONE of the most obstinate forms of anemia with which the physician has to contend is that which succeeds malarial infection. This particular form of anemia is, unquestionably, due directly to the structural changes induced by the protozoon parasite.

While a mild form of anemia is a common, if not invariable, consequence of malarial infection, there is a severe type, termed malarial anemia, which not infrequently occurs. This latter variety usually responds slowly to curative measures; and, since its existence renders the individual a fit subject for recurring malarial manifestations upon the slightest exposure, the importance of its cure cannot be too strongly emphasized.

The doctrine of the latency of malarial poisoning in the human body is rapidly gaining in popularity. Some authorities even go so far as to claim that a person who has once been inoculated with the malarial protozoa never completely recovers.

Whether this be true or not, it is certain that the protozoon parasite does exert an influence which tends, for a great length of time, to lower vitality and render feeble the powers of resistance to renewed attacks. This is especially true in the case of women, children, and persons of advanced age.

Recent investigators unite in ascribing the cause of malarial anemia to the liberation of hemoglobin from the red corpuscles in the blood vessels. The pigmentation resulting from this liberation of hemoglobin is one of the characteristics of malaria infection. And while the coloring matter may remain in the blood stream, it usually infiltrates into the cells and neighboring tissues. The deposit of pigment is especially great throughout the tissue of the liver and spleen.

The thickening and softening of the mucous membrane of the stomach which always attends malarial infection, seems likely to contribute, at least to some extent, to the development of anemia.

In every instance the degree of the anemia is in direct ratio to the amount of hemoglobin liberated from the red corpuscles. And this fact explains the philosophy of effecting repair by the administration of iron, the hemoglobin-contributor.

Whether or not the protozoon parasite is ever completely eliminated from the economy remains an unanswered question. But it is now universally conceded that the protracted administration of iron does render

the individual partly, if not completely, exempt from a return of malarial manifestations of an aggravated type. Far more so in fact, than does quinine. Indeed, we have good cause to believe that iron does exert a destructive influence upon the malarial protozoa and increases the immunity of the individual.

While it is the chief aim of the physician to make up the deficiency of the hemoglobin in these subjects by the administration of iron, it is distinctly important, coincidently, to increase the appetite and augment the capacity to appropriate the food ingested.

To this end, discrimination in the selection of the form of iron to be employed is vitally essential. The acid solutions of the drug are ineligible because of the fact that they cannot be engaged for a long period without harmfully affecting the secretion of the digestive juices and adding to the morbid state of the mucous surfaces of the alimentary tract.

Furthermore, the continued use of acid products of any sort are certain to diminish the alkalinity of the blood, thus depressing, to a very considerable extent, the nutritive processes. Then, too, headache which is an ever disturbing factor in these cases, is intensified by all substances of an acid reaction.

The strongly alkaline preparations of iron, while less objectionable than the acid ones, are open to fault for the reason that they induce constipation and in this manner favor auto-intoxication.

By far the most effectual form of iron in the treatment of malarial anemia is that which is neutral in reaction and available for immediate absorption. The organo-plastic form of iron, as found in Pepto-Mangan (Gude) certainly fulfils the requirements of the physician with greater promptness and uniformity than any other product thus far evolved.

This preparation - Pepto-Mangan (Gude) is by all means the most potent hemoglobin-producing form of iron, and it undoubtedly surpasses other ferruginous products as an invigorator of the digestive and nutritive functions. These assertions are easily confirmed by the microscope.

It is also an accepted fact that Pepto-Mangan (Gude) does not induce constipation, and it seems to materially hasten repair of the mucous surfaces of the alimentary tract resulting from the structural changes incident to the malarial infection.

In short, Pepto-Mangan (Gude) is of inestimable value in the treatment of malarial anemia by virtue of its manifold advantages over other preparations of iron.

If this preparation is administered for the proper length of time, the individual gains substantially in strength, flesh, physical and mental

energy.

A MAGNIFICENT NEW WORK ON SURGERY.

"AMERICAN PRACTICE OF SURGERY."- Messrs. Wm. Wood & Co. have issued a very important announcement of this splendid series of surgical volumes, eight in all, comprising about 6,000 pages, magnificently illustrated by chromo-lithographic, photogravure, and other plates, and by half-tone and line engravings.

The articles, entirely original, will be exclusively the work of leading and prominent surgeons in the United States and Canada, all recognized as capable, competent, and of more than national fame and reputation. The entire work will be under the editorial charge of Drs. Jos. D. Bryant and Albert H. Buck of New York City, the first being a teacher and author in surgery of well established reputation, and the other an editor and author of wide experience and well and justly earned fame.

No foreign writers have been invited to contribute to the work, the intention being to make it distinctly American in character. Americans have done their full share in advancing the science and art of surgery in recent years, and the high character of those American surgeons who will take part in this great work will give us an authoritative picture of surgical practice as it is carried on to-day in this country.

The volumes will be royal octavo in size, printed on paper of the highest grade, and will be sold by subscription only. The first volume is now nearly ready for delivery, and the others will be issued as nearly as possible at intervals of three months. The price per volume will be, in extra muslin binding, $7.00; in brown leather, $8.00; and in extra halflevant morocco, $9.00.

Among the names of a few of the authors we may mention Drs. Nicholas Senn and E. Wyllys Andrews of Chicago; Stephen Smith of New York; Roswell Park of Buffalo; T. A. McGraw of Detroit; Jos. Ransohoff of Cincinnati; Jno. B. Murphy and A. J. Ochsner of Chicago; Geo. Ben Johnston of Richmond; Lewis McMurtry of Louisville; and Duncan Eve of Nashville, he being assigned Article No. 31, Fractures, comprising about three hundred pages of Volume III.

HYDROZONE AND GLYCOZONE.- In the Lancet (Nov. 19, 1904), we note the report of an important lecture on abdominal surgery, by Dr. Frederick Holme Wiggin, of New York, in which marked notice is taken of two pre-arations employed by him for treating the wounds - viz., hydrozone and glycozone.

We have since become convinced, from our own investigations, that these two agents are not only remarkable allies of the surgeon, but products which can be made of the highest possible value in domestic medicine. Though the uses of both are very wide, we will confine our remarks here mainly to hydrozone. This is an exceptionally strong solution of hydrogen peroxide (30 vols.), free from barium salts and superfluous acids.