instantly by dropping a lid or a single layer of cloth over the basin,

Since the fumes as they come off the liquid can be ignited, the question arises whether there is danger from carrying a flame into a room full of fumes. In order to decide this question, a room of 250 cubic feet capacity was charged with the fumes from four times the liquid necessary to kill mosquitoes. A lighted candle was then introduced into the room through a small opening. The fumes did not ignite. The experiment was repeated with ten times and twenty times the amount necessary to kill the mosquitoes and the fumes did not take fire.

The fumes are deadly to Stegomyia fasciata and Culex pungens.

After considerable experimentation on different methods of generation of the fumes, it was finally decided that the best results were obtained by an apparatus consisting of a cylindrical upright retort six inches in diameter and twenty-four inches in height, under which is placed a primus lamp. At the upper end of the retort are an inlet tube and an outlet tube. The outlet tube is three inches in diameter and its free end is introduced into the room to be fumigated. The inlet tube is three inches in diameter and is attached to a hand blower.

The amount of pyrofume necessary for the cubic contents of the room is put into the retort, the primus lamp is placed beneath it and the blower is started, blowing the fumes from the surface of the liquid through the outlet tube, which is passed beneath a window sash, or through a crack of a door, or a hole in a curtain and so into the room.

Mosquitoes placed in a room containing the fumes from 265 cubic centimeters of pyrofume per 1,000 cubic feet of air space will be killed after one hour. The time of exposure may be diminished one half by increasing the amount of pyrofume. The time necessary to generate the fumes is very short. A room with a capacity of 5,000 cubic feet can be filled with fumes in five minutes. A room of 53,000 cubic feet capacity was filled with fumes in forty-five minutes. With the apparatus in use, the time

required to generate the fumes necessary to kill the mosquitoes in a room is one minute per 1,000 cubic feet of space.

When the fumes are being introduced into a room they are more dense at the ceiling that at the floor, but in a few minutes the diffusion is equal.

The room of 53,000 cubic feet above referred to had a ceiling twenty-six feet in height. Mosquitoes placed on the floor and near the ceiling were found dead at the end of one hour's exposure to the fumes.

Polished silver, brass, copper, steel, nickel, wrought iron, cast iron, a great variety of colored fabrics, polished mahogany and oak, and varnished and white painted work were exposed to double the fumes twice the time necessary to kill mosquitoes, namely, to the fumes of 530 cubic centimeters of pyrofume per 1,000 cubic feet of air space for two hours. All were unaltered. The same articles were exposed to the same treatment the day following and remained unchanged.

Bananas in all stages, from ripe to very green, were exposed to the fumes necessary to kill mosquitoes, namely, to the fumes from 265 cubic centimeters of pyrofume for one hour. The fruit was unharmed and was kept under observation for one week; it was not discolored, altered in taste, checked in ripening, or changed in any way. Bananas in all stages of ripeness were exposed to double the fumes twice the time necessary to kill mosquitoes and all the fruit was discolored.

The cost of pyrofume is seventy-five cents per gallon. Two hundred and sixty-five cubic centimeters per 1,000 cubic feet of air space are required. This brings the price of material to five cents per 1,000 cubic feet.

Summary: 1. As compared with sulphur, pyrofume stands on an equal footing in price. 2. Whereas the Federal regulations require two hours' exposure to sulphur, pyrofume is efficient against mosquitoes in one hour. 3. While sulphur is injurious to metals, fabrics, paint, and colors, pyrofume leaves them unchanged. 4. Pyrofume is suitable for fumigating the engine rooms and cabins of ships, and for cars and fine residences. 5. In amounts necessary to kill mosquitoes it does not injure bananas.

6. A person can walk about in a room full of fumes and can sleep without discomfort in a room two hours after fumigation. 7. It requires only five minutes to fumigate a large room of 5,000 cubic feet. 8. The fumes are generated outside the room and conducted into it.- St. Louis Medical Review.

IN DETERMINING the cause of a post-operative fever never fail to look at the throat.- American Journal of Surgery.

SYPHILIS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.-C. F. Marshall (The Lancet, August 26, 1905) reports a case of transmission of syphilis to the third generation. The grandmother had scars of multiple gummas about both knees. The mother had a gumma of the popliteal space and extensive destruction of the palate. Her first child had a distinct saddle nose and frontal bosses. A consideration of the evidence presented by other writers shows that the degenerative or dystrophic effects of syphilis are transmissible to the third generation and possibly further, only to die out with sterility. Although difficult to prove, the transmission of virulent hereditary syphilis to the next generation is scientifically possible, as the signs of latent hereditary syphilis may be delayed until the procreative age. Reinfection of a hereditary syphilitic genitor increases the virulence of the disease and its fatal effects on the offspring.- American Medicine.

TREATMENT OF A FATTY HEART. The existence of fatty heart is suspected rather than known during life. It is more frequent in males and in advanced life. Pathologically it presents either infiltration or degeneration. In the former we expect the symptoms of a weak heart in a fleshy person. The treatment is essentially that of obesity, viz.: to diminish the fat and at the same time strengthen the muscular tissue of the body, including the heart. Improvement may be only temporary, however, if a fresh deposit of fat should occur later. Among the tonics of special value for increasing the muscular tone are strychnine, iron, and arsenic, for anemia is usually present. Fresh air and systematic exercise (within safe limits) are of great importance.

Sudden and dangerous attacks of heart weakness, where death is not immediate, as it frequently is in both infiltration and degeneration, should be treated essentially as dilation, which has probably occurred and which is responsible for the weak and irregular heart and dyspnea. The rapid heart stimulants are indicated, as strychnine, alcohol, aromatic spirits of ammonia, Hoffman's anodyne and camphor (dissolved in sterilized olive oil for hypodermic use), oxygen and hypodermoclysis. Adrenalin, in full doses, quickly contracts the arterioles and also directly stimulates the heart when given hypodermically.

For more permanent stimulating the heart digitalis is easily our most efficient drug. It should be given hypodermically in the form of the fat-free tincture. Its slow but prolonged action gives it special value in reinforcing and steadying the effects of the quicker but fugacious stimulants before mentioned. It is particularly efficient in dropsical conditions or tendencies. However, on account of the supposed danger of rupture of the fatty heart, digitalis should be given with due caution and judgment.

Fatty degeneration is much more serious than infiltration pathologically, because the muscle fibers themselves are transformed into fat and their function permanently impaired. Instead of corpulency emaciation is usually present. Physical signs of fatty degeneration are seldom distinct, however, from those of other myocardial degenerations. The condition is not uncommon and is associated with many diseases. Local causes are sclerosis of the coronary arteries, fibrous myocarditis, chronic pericarditis, and conditions leading to hypertrophy. General causes are poisoning by phosphorous, arsenic, and alcohol; the toxins of certain acute infectious diseases, especially diphtheria, also the impoverishment of the blood from severe anemia or cachexia, especially that of cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis.

The treatment is essentially that of dilation. Exercise is contraindicated and rest of both mind and body is essential.

Massage is consequently beneficial, also strychnine, with iron and arsenic for anemia. Electricity may be helpful. For sudden weakness the same drugs which were mentioned for fatty infiltration are indicated, except that with a slow and weak pulse,

which is not unlikely, digitalis is apt to be powerless, while to push it is dangerous. Also when arterio-sclerosis exists, especially when sclerosis of the coronary arteries is suspected, or when anginal attacks occur, the nitrites are indicated and should be tried. For nocturnal dyspnea and restlessness opium acts remarkably well. The iodides are said to be of value as a heart tonic in fatty degeneration.

Secondary pathologic conditions in other organs, especially the lungs and liver, should be carefully guarded against, that the heart may be spared any extra work. Hence an occasional calomel purge is often beneficial.- Dr. H. W. McLauthlin, in Denver Medical Times.

A METHOD OF TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGE.-G. Crile and D. H. Dolley, Cleveland (Journal A. M. A., July 21), publish a preliminary note describing a new method of treating exhausting hemorrhages. Their research was directed to finding a means of successfully treating those cases in which the usual methods of stimulation, bandaging, and infusion could not relieve and death seemed inevitable. An effective method in these cases must supply more isotonic blood, and on account of the risks of clotting and deterioration the ordinary methods of transfusion are not applicable. They utilized the recent technic of Carrel in a large number of experiments, the details of which will be published later, in the following manner: The proximal end of an artery of one animal, the donor, is united to the artery or vein. of another animal, the donee, by an end-to-end anastomosis. As soon as the union is impervious and complete the arterial blood of the donor is allowed to flow into the vessel of the donee, until a sufficient amount has been transfused. If the proximal ends. are thus united there is no danger of excessive hemorrhage, as the two pressures will balance at some point lower than the normal. Every degree of hemorrhage was treated in their experiments, and so long as any rhythmic contraction of the cardiac auricle persisted the animal could be resuscitated, even though there was not the slightest circulation. There was no evidence of blood degeneration; the animals seemed as well with their fel