mies, 83; the feudal system, 91;
criticised, 200; on the Treaty of
Westphalia, 277.
Buddhism, 3.
Bunker Hill, 308.
Burgoyne capitulates, 318.
Burr, Aaron, candidate for presi-
dency, 362; character, 363.
Cabot, John, 283.
Calabria, captured by William of
Normandy, 61.
Calvin, John, 269.
Church, character of the early, 40.
Church of England established, 190.
Calvinism introduced into Scot- Church of Rome, 259; denounced
land, 270.
by Luther, 267.
Cicero, opinion of government, 26,
333.
Canada, discovery of, 283.
Cannon, early use of, in war, 83.
Capet, Hugh, declared King of
France, 58.
Capitularies, 44.
Carnot, member of the French Di-
rectory, 126.
Castle kings, 67.
Catherine divorced from Henry
VIII., 183.
Catholics in reign of Henry VIII.,
187.
persecuted in England, 191.
Centralization in France, 135.
Centuries in Rome, 28.
Chambord, Count de, 145; Charles
abdicates in favor of, 147.
Charlemagne, advent, 43; character,
44; successors, 57.
Charles the Bold, 57.
Charles I. ascends the English
throne, 207; dissolves parliament,
210; war with Scotland, 210; calls
Long Parliament, 212; contest
with the commons, 215; civil war,
217; imprisoned, 222; trial and
execution, 223.
Charles II., proclaimed king, 235;
returns from exile, 238; restora-
tion, 239; conspiracy against,
241; laws passed, 246; death,
247; character, 247; anecdotes
of, 248.
Charles VII., of France, said to
have raised first standing army
in Europe, 84.
Charles X. succeeds to the French
throne, 146; abdicates, 147.
Charron, 271.
| Charter government, 293.
Chivalry, origin of, in France, 59.
Christ, the Saviour, advent of, 31;
mission of, 32.
Christian converts, enthusiasm of,
in Rome, 33.
Christian priests, 43.
Christianity, rise, 30; nature, 32;
growth, 32-37; accepted by Con-
stantine, 37; sects, 38; progress
in Asia, 41.
Cinq Mars, Marquis of, executed,
86.
Civilization, First, 1; nature, 2;
Second, 6; Third, 12; influences
on, 23; Fourth, 30.
Clergy in France, 91; struggle with
Feudality, 92.
Climate, influence of, on civilization,
1, 6, 22.
Clovis, 56.
Code Napoléon, 132.
Colonies in America, 293; form
union, 294; resist England, 299;
war begun, 308; become sovereign
states, 314; confederation, 318.
Columbus, Christopher, 283.
Committee of Public Safety, 108;
created, 111; exercises absolute
dictatorship, 117.
Commons, House of, created, 165;
sit separately from lords, 170;
impeachments, 172; privileges,
203; struggle with James, 204,
205; antagonism to Charles, 208;
divisions of, 210; dissolution of
by Charles, 210; remonstrance
against the crown, 214.
Commune, origin, 77; under Louis
VI., 79; privileges curtailed, 93;
governs Paris, 108; ruled by
Robespierre, 109.
Condillac, publishes "Treatise on
Sensations," 98.
Confederation of American colo-
nies, 318; failure of, 325.
Confederation of the Rhine, 136.
Confucius, death of, 17.
Congress, continental, meets, 305;
second meeting, 308; meeting of
United States, 338.
Constantine accepts Christianity,
37, 40.
Constitution of the United States,
330.
for
Henry's divorce, 182; made arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 183;
executed, 189.
Cromwell, Oliver, advent of, 209;
leader of the Puritans, 214;
sketch of his life, 218; master of
parliament, 222; anecdote of,
223; disperses parliament, 226;
vocations of his officers, 227; pro-.
tector, 228; foreign policy, 229;
aspirations for the crown, 230;
death, 232; character, 233.
Cromwell, Richard, succeeds his
father as protector, 234.
Crown, conflict with barons, 76.
Crusades, 261.
Dampierre, Guy de, 62.
Danes in England, 152.
Danton, character, 109;
rules
National Assembly, 111; com-
pared with Robespierre, 113;
execution, 114.
Dark Ages, 42; summary, 395.
Delaware, early settlers, 284.
Democracy, rise of, 48.
Descartes, influence of, 101, 272.
Desmoulins, Camille, execution of,
114.
De Tocqueville, on Athens, 16; on
equality, 31, 50.
Constitutional Convention in Phila- Ducos created consul, 130.
delphia, 328.
Duke, origin of title, 58.
Constitutional government, origin
of, in England, 253.
Constitutionalists, their struggle for
power in France, 125.
Ecclesiastical court revived, 250.
Edict of Nantes, 271; revoked, 276.
Edward the Confessor, laws of, 159.
Edward I. succeeds to English
throne, 168.
Constitutions of Clarendon, 161.
Consuls in Rome, 28.
Continental blockade, 137.
Corday, Charlotte, 113.
Edward II., succession of, 168;
character, 169; deposed, 170.
Cordeliers, founded by Danton, 109. Edward III. of England, recog-
Council of the Ancients, 122.
nized as King of France, 63;
reign of, 170.
of Five Hundred, 122.
of Nice, 38.
Count, origin of title, 58.
Cranmer, Thomas, efforts
Edward IV., King of England, 175.
Edward V. proclaimed King of
England, 175.
De Soto discovers the Mississippi
River, 283.
Diderot, publishes Encyclopædia,
97.
Directory in France, 121; parties
of, 125; assumes dictatorial
power, 126; opposition to, 127.
Edward VI. succeeds to English
throne, 188.
Egbert, King of Wessex, 151.
Egypt, early civilization in, 6;
religion of, 7.
180; accession of Elizabeth, 190;
decline of the monarchy, 201;
reign of Charles I., 207; the
Revolution of 1688, 212; contest
between Charles and parliament,
212; civil war, 217; Cromwell,
218; military despotism, 224; the
protectorate, 228; death of Crom-
well, 232; restoration of Charles
II., 239; origin of whigs and
tories, 243; limited monarchy,
249; crown ceases to be held by
divine right, 253; material pro-
gress, 254; acquires North Amer-
ica, 284; measures against Amer-
ican colonies, 299; war with same,
308; treaty of peace, 323; com-
mercial relations with United
States, 367; war with United
States, 372; summary, 398.
Epicureans, philosophy of, 20.
Equality of men, first preached by
Christ, 31.
Essex, Earl of, commands parlia-
mentary forces against Charles,
218.
Ethiopia, early civilization, 6.
Europe, early civilization, 12.
Fawkes, Guy, 202.
Federalists, 338.
97; skepticism, 102; revolution,
104; National Assembly meets,
105; divided into departments,
106; church property sold, 106;
proceedings of Legislative Assem-
bly, 107; committee of public
safety, 108; parties of the Mon-
tagne and the Gironde, 109; re-
public proclaimed, 110; war pro-
claimed against England, Hol-
land, and Spain, 110; reign of
terror, 111; under Robespierre,
115; death of Danton, 114; of
Robespierre, 119; National Con-
vention supreme, 121; the Direc-
tory, 121; advent of Napoleon,
123; war against foreign nations,
124; the consulate, 131; under
Napoleon, 132; the empire, 135;
Napoleonic Wars, 136; restora-
tion of the monarchy, 140; Water-
loo, 141; second restoration, 142;
parties, 143; downfall of the
monarchy, 146; assists American
colonists, 322; relations with the
United States, 357; summary,
397.
Franklin, Benjamin, views on inde-
pendence, 312.
France, classes, 49; middle ages,
57; divisions, 58; conflict be-
tween crown and barons, 76;
introduction of printing, 85; es-
tablishment of the monarchy, 88;
first bank of discount, 95; loses
Canada and East India posses-
sions, 96; intellectual activity,
Franks converted to Christianity,
41.
Feudal system, nature, 55; intro-Fronde, war of the, 87.
duced into Gaul, 56; France, 61 ;
Italy, 66; character of feudal
laws in France, 75; assailed by
monarchy, 75; disappearance of,
89, 90; Buckle on, 91; introduced
91; introduced
into England, 155; vanquishes
English monarchy, 162; abol-
ished, 246.
|
Garter, order of, founded, 171.
Gaul, invasions of, 67.
Genet, 345.
George III., cause of American war,
313.
Georgia settled, 284.
Germans accept Christianity, 41;
occupy Gaul, 67.
Fiefs, definition of, 55.
Flanders, Count of, assassin of Girondists, 108; leaders of, 110;
William of Normandy, 61.
Florida, discovery of, 283.
Fouquier Tinville, 117; beheaded,
imprisoned, 111.
121.
Goths accept Christianity, 41.
Government, theories of, 330.
Greece, growth of civilization, 14;
converted into a Roman prov-
ince, 21; religion, 21; aspects of
nature, 23; compared with India,
24.
Greek Church separated from Ro-
man Church, 41.
Gregorian calendar annulled in
France, 110.
Gregory VII., 260.
Grey, Lady Jane, executed, 189.
Guise, Duke de, 63.
Guizot, comments on Charlemagne,
45; character of Washington, 354.
Gunpowder, invention of, 79.
Gunpowder Plot, 202.
Hampden, John, 210.
Harold II., last Saxon king, 154.
Hartford Convention, 378.
Hastings, battle of, 145.
Hazlitt, account of death of Robes-
pierre, 119; comments on Napo-
leon, 123.
Habeas Corpus Act, 246.
Hamilton, General, opposition to Independence, struggle begun in
Burr, 363.
America, 306; declaration of, 308.
Independents, compose Rump Par-
liament, 235; decline, 237.
Hébert executed, 114.
Helvetius writes "The Mind,” 98.
Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I.,
207; character, 216.
Henry, Prince de Léon, 65.
Henry I. ascends English throne,
160.
Henry II., Duke of Montmorency,
64.
Henry II., King of England, 161.
Henry III., King of England, 164.
Henry IV. succeeds to English
throne, 172.
Henry IV. of France, 271.
Henry V. ascends English throne,
174.
Henry VI. proclaimed King of
England and France, 174.
Henry VII., King of England, char-
acter of reign, 178.
Henry VIII. ascends English
throne, 180; marriage with Anne
Boleyn, 181; head of the Church,
184; wives, 188.
Heroic Age, in Greece, 14.
Hindostan, seat of the first civili-
zation, 1; caste in, 2; inhabitants
compared with the Greeks, 24.
Holland annexed to France, 138.
Homer, date of poems, 14.
House of Commons created, 165;
sit separately from the lords, 170.
Howe, Gen., in command of British
forces, 315.
Hudson, Henry, 284.
Huguenots, 270.
Hume, sketch of character of Charles
II., 247.
Hundred Days, The, 141.
Huss, John, 265.
Hyde, Sir Edward, 246.
Iconoclastic controversy, 41.
Impeachment power first exercised,
170.
La Rochefoucauld, House of, 65.
Lasalle descends Mississippi River,
284.
Mary, wife of William of Orange,
252.
Maryland settled, 284.
Massachusetts resists the mother
country, 303.
Mazarin, Minister of France, 87.
Menes, King of Egypt, 6.
Menu, Institutes of, 1; code of, 2.
Mexico, early civilization in, 8.
Middle Ages, 55; in France, 57.
Middle class, birth of, in France, 92;
growth, 93; becomes National
Assembly, 105; in England, 152;
position of, 177, 197.
Mirabeau, 106.
Lollard, Walter, 264.
Lombards accept Christianity, 41; Mississippi River, discovery of,
masters of Italy, 42.
Longueville, Duchess of, 87.
Lords, in feudal period of France,
283.
61.
Missouri Compromise, 385.
Modern society, birth of, 45.
Monarchy assails feudality, 75; es-
tablished in France, 88; triumph,
89; decline, 95; restoration, 140;
second restoration, 142; downfall,
146; in the ascendant in Eng-
land, 177; decline, 201.
Monasteries, rise, 43; abolished in
England, 185.
Laud, Archbishop, 210; impeached,
213.
Law, establishes bank of discount
of France, 95; death of, 96.
Lee, Richard Henry, 309.
Legion of Honor, instituted by Na-
poleon, 133.
Legislative assembly in France,
106; proceedings, 107.
Le Grand Monarque, 94.
Leo III. restored to the Papacy, 44.
Leo X., 266.
Lords, House of, dissolved, 224.
Louis, Count of St. Pol, 63.
Louis VI. of France, reign, 76.
Louis VII. continues war against
aristocracy, 77.
Louis IX., 78.
Louis XI., exploits, 84; introduces
printing into France, 85.
Louis XIV., character, 94; bril-
liancy of his reign, 94.
Louis XV., reign, 96.
Louis XVI., character, 104; aids
American colonies, 104; convokes
states general, 105; execution, 110.
Louis XVIII., King of France, 140,
142; character, 144.
Louis Philippe, 148.
Louisiana settled, 284; purchased
by United States, 366.
Luther, Martin, 266.
Lycurgus, 14.
Macaulay, comments on Grecian
philosophy, 20.
Maria Louisa of Austria, married
to Napoleon, 138.
Martel, Charles, 57.
Mary succeeds to English throne,
189; death, 190.
Mary Queen of Scots, execution of,
197.
Madison, James, presidency of, 371.
Magna Charta, 162; established,
168; petition concerning, 169.
Monk, General, march to London,
236.
Monmouth, Duke of, 241; beheaded,
249.
Monroe, James, presidency, 381.
"Monroe Doctrine," 386.
Montagne, la, 107; leaders of, 109.
Montaigne, 271.
Montesquieu, theories of civiliza-
tion adopted by Buckle, 25; pub-
lishes "The Spirit of Laws," 97.
Montferrat, House of, 66.
Montfort, Simon de, exploits of, 62,
165; slain, 168.
Montmorency, Duke of, defeat and
execution, 86.
Montmorency, House of, 63.
Moravian Brothers, 265.
More, Sir Thomas, executed, 185.
Mortimer, Earl of, 170.
|