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389. DYNAMICs. This, in mechanical philosophy, means the science of moving-powers; in elocution and singing, it relates to the force, loudness, harshness, strength, roughness, softness, swell, diminish, smoothness, abruptness, gentleness of voice: that is, its qualities, which are as various as those of the human mind; of which, indeed, they are the representatives. Observe-that the names of these qualities, when spoken naturally, express, or echo, their natures. The Loud, Rough, Soft, Smooth, Harsh, Forcible, Full, Strong, Tremulous, Slender, &c. all of which are comprehended in force, pitch, time, quantity, and abruptness of voice.

Maxims. 1. The credit that is got by a lie,
2. Zeal,
only lasts t the truth comes out.
mixed with love, is harmless-as the dove. 3.
A covetous man is, as he always fancies, in want.
4. Hypocrites-first cheat the world, and at last,
themselves. 5. The borrower is slave to the lender,
and the security-to both. 6. Some are too stif
to bend, and too old to mend. 7. Truth has al-
8. He, who draws
ways a sure foundation.
others into evil courses-is the devil's agent. 9.

To do good, is the right way to find good. 10.
A spur in the head-is worth two in the heel. 11.
Better spared, than ill spent. 12. Years teach

more than books.

Anecdote. Love and Liberty. When an Armenian prince-had been taken captive with his princess, by Cyrus, and was asked, what he would give to be restored to his kingdom and liberty, he replied: "As for my kingdom and liberty, I value them not; but if my blood--would redeem my princess, I would cheerfully give it for her." When Cyrus had liberated them both, the princess was asked, what she thought of Cyrus? To which she replied, "I did not observe him; my whole attention was fixed upon the generous man, who would have purchased my liberty with his life.”

390. Let the following examples be rendered perfectly familiar-the feelings, tho'ts, words and appropriate voice: nothing, however, can be done, as it should be, without having the most important examples memorized, here and elsewhere. (Loud) "But when loud surges-lash the sounding shore; (Rough) The hoarse rough voice, should like the torrent roar." (Soft) "Soft is the strain, when Zephyr gently blows; (Smooth) And the smooth stream, in smoother numbers flows." (Harsh) "On a sudden, open fly, with impetuous recoil and jarring sound, the infernal doors, and on their hinges grate harsh thunder." (Soft) "Heaven opened wide her ever-during gates (harmonious sound) on golden hinges turning." (Soft) "How charming-is divine philosophy! (Harsh) Not harsh, and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. (Soft) But musical-as is Apollo's lute." (Harsh, Strong and Forcible.) "Blow wind, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow your cataracts, and hurricane spout, till you have drenched our steeples. You sulphuripus and thought-executing fires, vaunt couri-government, maintained by the arm of pou ers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts; and thou, all shaking thunder, strike flat the thick rotundity of the world."

(Soft and Smooth.)
How sweet the moon-light sleeps upon this bank;
Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music,
Creep in our ears; soft stillness, and the night,
Become the touches of sweet harmony.

(Quick and Joyous.)

Let the merry bells ring round,
And the jocund rebeck sound,
To many a youth-and many a maid,
Dancing-in the checkered shade.

A want of occupation--is not rest,
A mind quite vacant-is a mind distressed.
As rolls the ocean's changing tide,
So-human feelings-ebb--and flow :-
And who could in a breast confide,

Where stormy passions-ever glow!
Remote from cities-lived a swain,
Unvexed-with all the cares of gain;
His head-was silvered o'er with age,
And long experience-made him sage.

Prejudice-may be considered as a confinuat false medium of viewing things; for prejudiced persons-not only never speak well, but also, never think well, of those whom they dislike, and the whole character and conduct is considered-with an eye to that particular thing which offends them.

Varieties. 1. Every thing that is an object of taste, sculpture, painting, architecture, gardening, husbandry, poetry, and musiccome within the scope of the orator. 2. In a

er, there is no certainty of duration; but one
cemented by mutual kindness, all the best
feelings of the heart are enlisted in its sup-
port. 3. Who was the greater tyrant, Diony-
sius or the bloody Mary? 4. Beauty, unac
companied by virtue, is like a flower, with
out perfume; its brilliancy may remain, but
its sweetness is gone; all that was precious
in it, has evaporated. 5. We might as well
throw oil on a burning house to put out the
fire, as to take ardent spirits into the stomach,
to lessen the effects of a hot sun, or severe
exercise. 6. The understanding must be
elevated above the will, to control its desires;
but it must be enlightened by the truth, that
it may not err.

The pathway-to the grave-may be the same.
And the proud man-shall tread it,--and the law.
With his bowed head, shall bear him company.
But the temper-of the invisible mind,
The god-like-and undying intellect,
These are distinctions, that will live in heaven,
When time, is a forgotten circumstane.

391. DYNAMICS CONTINUED. These con- Maxims. 1. Al is soon ready in an orderly trasts produce great effects, when properly house. 2. Bacchus las drowned more than Nep exhibited, both in elocution and music. The tune. 3. Despair-has ruined some, but presump 4. Flattery-sits in the parlor, rushing loud, indicates dread, alarm, warn- tion-multitudes. ing, &c.; the soft, their opposites: the tend- while plain-dealing is kicked out of doors. 5. Ha ency of indistinctness is, to remove objects to is not drunk for nothing, who pays his reckoning a distance, throwing them into the back- with his reason. 6. If the world knew what passes ground of the picture; and of fullness, to in my mind, what would it think of me. 7. Give bring them into the fore-ground, making Close not a letter-without reading it, nor drink neither counsel nor salt, till you are asked for 1. & them very prominent; thus-the polyph-water-without seeing it. 9. A fool, and his money, onist deceives, or imposes upon the ear, making his sounds correspond to those he would represent, near by, and at a distance.

392. FORCIBLE. Now storming fury rose, and clamor; such as heard in heaven, till now, was never: arms on armor, clashing, brayed horrible discord; and the maddening wheels of brazen chariots raged. Full:high on a throne-of royal state, which far outshone the wealth of Ormus, and of Inde; or where the gorgeous East, with richest hand, showers on her kings barbaric, pearl and gold, Satan, EXALTED, sat. Strong: him, the Almighty Power hurled headlong, flaming from the ethereal skies with hideous ruin and combustion, down to bottomless perdition there to dwell in adamantine chains, and penal fire,-who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.

--

SO MILLIONS-are smit-with the glare of a toy: They grasp at a pebble-and call it-a gem, And tinsel-is gold, (if it glitters,) to them; Hence, dazzled with beauty, the lover is smit, The hero with honor, the poet-with wit; The fop with his feather, his snuff-box and cane, The nymph with her novel, the merchant with gain: Each finical priest, and polite pulpiteer, Who dazzles the fancy, and tickles the ear, With exquisite tropes, and musical style, As gay as a tulip-as polished as oil, Sell truth-at the shrine of polite eloquence, To please the soft taste, and allure the gay sense, Miscellaneous. 1. Fair sir, you spit on me-on Wednesday last; you spurned mesuch a day; another time- you called me dog; and for these courtesies, I'll lend thee thus much moneys. 2. I stand-in the presence of Almighty God, and of the world; and I declare to you, that if you lose this charter, never, no NEVER-Will you get another. We are now, perhaps, arrived at the Darting point. Here, even HERE, we stand― on the brink of fate! Pause! for HEAVEN'S sake, pause. 3. Can you raise the dead? Pursue and overtake the wings of time? And can you bring about again, the hours, the DAYS, the YEARS, that made me happy? 4. But grant-that others can, with equal glory, look down on pleasure, and the bait of sense, where-shall we find a man, that bears offlictions, great and majestic in his ills, like Cato?

Oh then, how blind-to all that truth requires, Who think it freedom, where a part-aspire.

are soon parted. 10. If few words-will not make you wise, many will not.

Anecdote. Charity Sermon. Dean Swift -was requested to preach a charity sermon; but was cautioned about having it too long: he replied, that they should have nothing to fear on that score. He chose for his text these words" He that hath pity on the poor, lendeth unto the Lord; and that which he hath given-will he pay him again." The Dean, after looking around, and repeating his text in a still more emphatic manner, added-"My beloved friends, you hear the terms of the loan; and now, if you like the security,-down with your dust." The result was, as might be expected,―a very large collection.

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Example Precept and Example. works more cures than precept; for words, without practice, are but councils without effect. When we do as we say, it is a contirmation of the rule; but when our lives and doctrines do not agree, it looks as if the lesson were either too hard for us, or the advice not worth following. If a priest-design to edify by his sermons, concerning the punishment of the other world, let him renounce his lust, pride, avarice, and contentiousness; for whoever would make another believe a danger, must first show that he is apprehensive of it himself.

Varieties. 1. The first book read, and the last one laid aside, in the child's library, is the mother: every look, word, tone, and gesture, nay, even dress itself-makes an everlasting impression. 2. One who is conscious of qualities, deserving of respect, and attention, is seldom solicitous about them; but a contemptible spirit-wishes to hide itself from its own view, and that of others, by show, bluster and arrogant pretensions. 3. The blood of a coward, would stain the char acter of an honorable man; hence, when we chastise such wretches, we should do it with the utmost calmness of temper. 4. Cultivate the habit-of directing the mind, intently, to whatever is presented to it; this-is the foundation of a sound intellectual character. 5. We are too apt, when a jest is turned upon ourselves, to think that insufferable, in another, which we looked upon as very pretty and facetious, when the humor was our own. Never purchase friendship by gifts.

393. Words are paints, the voice--the | imitation! Anxiety about the opinions of brush, the mind--the printer; but science, others--fetters the freedom of nature, and practice, genius, taste, judgment and emo- tends to awkwardness; all would appear tion--are necessary--in order to paint well: well, if they never tried to assume-what and there is as much difference between a they do not possess. Every one is respectable good and bad reader, as there is between a and pleasing, so long as he or she, is perfectly good painter and a mere dauber. What natural and truthful, and specks and acts gives expression to painting? EMPHASIS. from the impulses of an honest and offectionWe look upon some pictures and remark, ate heart, without any anxiety as to what "that is a strong outline;" "a very express-others think. ive countenance:" this is emphasis: again, we look upon others, and there is a softness, delicacy, and tenderness, that melts the soul, as she contemplates them; this is emotion. 394. Throw the following lines on the canvas of your imagination; i. e. picture

them out there.

BEAUTY, WIT AND GOLD.
In her bower-a widow dwelt;
At her feet-three suitors knelt:
Each-udored the widow much,
Each essayed her heart to touch;
One-had wit, and one-had gold,
And one-was cast in beauty's mould;
Guess-which was it-won the prize,
Purse, or tongue, or handsome eyes?
First, appeared the handsome man,
Proudly peeping o'er her fan;
Red his lips, and white his skin;
Could such beauty-fail to win?
Then-stepped forth-the man of gold,
Cash he counted, coin he told,
Wealth-the burden of his tale;
Could such golden projects fail?
Then, the man of weit, and sense,
Moved her--with his eloquence;
Now, she heard him-with a sign;
Now she blushel, she knew not why:
Then, she smiled--to hear him speak,
Then, the tear-was on her cheek:
Beauty, vanish! gold, depart!
Wir, has won the widow's heart.

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Laconics. 1. Modesty in your d'scourse, will give a lustre--to truth.-and excuse-to your errors. 2. Some are silent, for want of matter, or assurance; others are talkative, for want of sense. 3. To judge of men-by their actions, one and that the world-was one inanense mad-house. would suppose that a great proportion was mad 4. Prodigals-are rich, for a moment-eronomists, forever. 5. To do unto others, as we would they should do to us, is a goiden maxim, that cannot be too deeply impressed on our minds. 6. Continue to add a little-to what was originaly a little, and you will make it a great deal. 7. The value-of sound, correct principles, early implanted in the human mind, is incalculable.

Those who are talentless, themselves, are the first to talk about the conceit of others; for mediocrity· bears but one flowerENVY.

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Anecdote. Too Hard. About one hundred years ago, Mahogany--was introduced in England as ballast for a ship, that sailed from the West Indies; and one Dr. Gibbons wished some furniture made of it but the workmen, finding it too hard for their tools, laid it aside. Another effort was made; but the cabinet-maker said it was too hard for his tools. The Doctor told him, he must get stronger tools then: he did so, and his effort was crowned with success. Remember this, ye who think the subject of elocution, as here treated, too difficult: and if you cannot find a way, make one. Press on!

IN POLITENESS, as in everything else, connected with the formation of character, we Varieties. 1. A good reader may become are too apt to begin on the outside, instead of a good speaker, singer, painter and sculptor: the inside: instead of beginning with the for there is nothing in any of these arts, that heart, and trusting to that to form the man-may not be seen in true delivery. 2. Old ners, many begin with the manners, and Parr, who died at the advanced age of 152, leave the heart to chance and influences. gave this advice to his friends; “Keep your The golden rule-contains the very life and head cool by temperance, your feet warm by goul of politeness: "Do unto others--as you exercise: rise early, and go early to bed; would they should do unto you." Unless and if you are inclined to grow fat, keep children and youth are taught—by precept your eyes open, and your mouth shut. Are and example, to abhor what is selfish, and not these excellent life-pills? 3. As the lark prefer another's pleasure and comfort to their sings at the dawn of day, and the nightinown, their politeness will be entirely artifi-gale at even, so, should we show forth the cial, and used only when interest and policy loving kindness of the Lord-every morn dictate. True politeness-is perfect freedom ing, and his faithfulness--every night. 4. and ease, treating others-just as you love to Is not the science of salvation-the greatest be treated. Nature-is always graceful: ef- of all the sciences? fectation, with all her art, can never produce without a star, or angel-for their guide, anything half so pleasing. The very perfec- Who worship God, shall find him: humble. Lore, tion of elegance—is to imitate nature; how (And not proud Reason,) keeps the door of heaven : much better-to have the reality, than the Love-finds admission, where Science-fails.

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395. MODULATION-signifies the accom- Maxims. 1. The follies of youth—are food for modation of the voice, (in its diversifications repentance-n old age. 2. Truth-mny languish, of all these principles,) to every variety and but it can gever die. 3. When a rain man hara shade of thought and feeling. The upper another praised, he thinks himself injurol. 4. Anpitches of voice, we know, are used in calling quitu—is not always a mark of truth. 5. That persons at a distance, for impassioned emtrial is not fair-where affection is judge phasis of certain kinds, and for very earnest Business-is the salt of life. 7. Dependentes a arguments; the middle pitches--for general poor trade. 8. Ele, who lives upon hope, has ut a slender dit. 9. Always taking out of the mead conversation, and easy familiar speaking, of tub, and never patting in, soon comes to the Aa descriptive and didactic character; and the tom. 10. Hie, who thinks to deceive Gin 1, deco vua Lower ones, for cadences, and the exhibition himself of emphasis in grave and solemn reading and peaking.

Anecdote. An ill fling. Xenophanus, an old sage, was far from letting a false micdesty lead him into crime and indiscretion, when he was upbraided, and called timorous, because he would not venture his money at any of the games. "I confess," said he, "that I am carree lingly timorous, for I dare not do an ill thing.

396. Who can describe, who delineate― the cheering, the enlivening ray? who-the looks of love? who-the soft benignant vibrations of the benevolent eye? who-the twilight, the day of hope? who-the internal efforts of the mind, wrapt in gentleness and humility, to effect good, to diminish evil, and Education. It is the duty of the instrucincrease present and eternal happiness? who tors of youth to be patient with the dull, and -all the secret impulses and powers, collect- steady with the froward,--to encourage the ed in the aspect of the defender, or energy of timid, and repress the insolent,-fully to emtruth? of the bold friend, or subtle foe-of ploy the minds of their pupils, without overwisdom? who--the poet's eye, in a fine burdening them, -- to awaken their fear, phrenzy rolling, glancing from heaven--to without exciting their dislike,—to communicarth, from earth--to hearen, while imagina-cate the stores of knowledge, according to the tion--bodies forth the form of things un-capacity of the learner, and to enforce obedience by the strictness of discipline. Above Notes. The pitch of the voice is exceedingly important inll, it is their boundon duły, to be ever on the every branch of cur soject, a particularly, in the higher parts; watch, and to check the first beginnings of vice. For, valuable as knowledge may be, virtue is infinitely more valuable; and worse than useless are these mental accomplish ments, which are accompanied by depravity

known.

and this- among the rest. You neust not chen ruse your voice to

the eighth rode; for it will be harsh and unpleasant to the ear, and

very apt to break; por drop it to the first tete; for then your ar tc Avion will be "if ult and in listine, and you cannot impart any life an' spira" to your manner and matter; as there is litle or Do compose Tebow the pich; boh these extremts must be carefully avritet.

Patrick Henry's Treason. When this worthy petriol, (who gave the first impulse to the ball of the revolution,) introduced his celebrated resolution on the stamp act, in the Virginia House of Burgesses, in 1765, as he descanted on the tyranny of that obnoxious act, exclaimed "Cesar--had his Brutus; Charles the First, his Cromwell; and George the Third"--" Treason!" cried the speaker;

"treason; treason; TREASON;" re-echoed from every part of the house. It was one of those trying moments, which are decisive of character; but Henry faltered not for an instant; and rising to a loftier attitude, and fixing on the speaker--an eye, flashing with fire, continued--"may PROFIT--by these examples: if this be treason, make the most of it."

The hills,

Rock-ribb'd-and ancient as the sun; the vales--
Stretching in pensive quietness-between;
The venerable woods; rivers, that move
In majesty, and the complaining brooks,

fall.

of heart.

Varieties. 1. Can charcoal-paint fire: chalk-light, or colors-live and breathe? 2. Tattlers-are among the most despica' le of bad things; yet even they-have their use: for they serve to check the licentiousne, 3— of the tongues of those, who, without the fear of being called to account, through the instru mentality of these babbling knaves, would run riot in bockbiting and slender.

Tis the mind, that makes the toy rich;
And, as the sup--l reaks the darkest clonik,
So. honor-peareth-in the meanest bab 1.
No: let the eagle-changel's plume.
The leaf-its hue, the flow'r—is bloem;
Put ties around the heart were spun,
That could not, would not, be undone.

Oh, who-the exquisite delights can tell,
The joy, which matual confidence impurts?
Or who-can paint the charm unspeakable,
Which links, in tender lands, two faithful hearts ↑
6. Many things are easier fill, than fold.
7. It is no proof of a man's understanding,
to be able to affirm-whatever he pleases;

That make the mendows green; and, pour'd round but, to be able to discern, that what is true,

Old ocean's gray and melancholy waste;

Are but the solemn decorations all

Of the great tomb of man.

is true, and that what is false, is fube—is the

mark and character of intelligence.

Nature-sells everything for labor.

397. MODULATION CONTINUED. The I Maxims. 1. A broad hat-does not always situation of the public reader and speaker, cover a wise head. 2. Burn not your house-to calls for the employment of the most refined frighten away the mice. 3. Drinking water, ner art in the management of his voice: he ther makes a man sick, nor his wife a widow. 4 should address a whole assembly with as He has riches ough, who need neither borrow much apparent ease and pleasure to himself or flatter. 5. True wisdom-is to know what is and audience, as tho' there were but a single best worth knowing, and to do what is best worth person present. In addressing an auditory, dog. 6. Many things appear too bad to keep, and which meets for information, or amuse-o good to throw away. 7. Keep a thing seven inent, or both, the judicious speaker-will pluck thorns from another's bosom, without plaadopt his ordinary and most familiar voice;|cing roses in our own. 9. Better a half loaf than to show that he rises without bias, or preju- no bread. 10. Draw not thy bow before the arrow dice, that he wishes reason, not passion, should be fixed. guide them all. He will endeavor to be

years,

and you will find use for it. 8. We cannot

Experience. By what strange fatality heard by the most distant hearers, without is it, that having examples before our eyes, we offending the ear of the nearest one, by mak-do not profit by them? Why is our experiing all his tones audible, distinct and na-ence, with regard to the misfortunes of others, tural.

Friendship! thou soft, propitious power,

Sweet regent of the social hour,

Sublime thy joys, nor understood,

But by the virtuous, and the good.

Ambition is, at a distance,

A goodly prospect, tempting to the view;
The height delights us. and the mountain-top
Looks beautiful, because 'tis near to heaven;

of so little use? In a word, why is it, that we are to learn wisdom and prudence at our own expense? Yet such is the fate of man! Surrounded by misfortunes, we are supplied with means to escape them; but, blinded by caprice, prejudice and pride, we neglect the proffered aid, and it is only by the tears we shed, in consequence of our own errors, that

But we never think how sandy's the foundation;[it. We learn to detest them.

What storms will batter, and what tempests shake
O be a man; and let proud reason-tread
In triumph, on each rebel passion's head.
At thirty, man suspects himself a fool;
Knows it at forty, and reforms his plan;
At fifty, chides his infamous delay,
Pushes his prudent purpose-to resolve,
In all the magnanimity of thought,
Resolves and re-resolves-then, dies the same.
398. Some tell us, that when commencing
an address, the voice should be directed to
those most distant; but this is evidently
wrong. At the beginning, the mind is natu-
rally clear and serene, the passions unawa-
kened; if the speaker adopt this high pitch,
how can it be elevated, afterwards, agreeably
to those emotions and sentiments, which re-
quire still higher pitches? To strain the
voice thus, destroys all solemnity, weight
and dignity, and gives, to what one says, a
squeaking effeminacy, unbecoming a manly
and impressive speaker; it makes the voice
harsh and unmusical, and also produces

horrseness.

Anecdote. Speculation. A capitalist, and shrewd observer of men and things, being asked, what he thought of the speculations now afloat, replied-"They are like a cold bath.-to derive any benefit from which, it is necessary to be very quick in, and very soon out."

Not to the ensanguin'd field of death alone
Is ralor limited: she sits-serene

In the deliberate council; sagely scans

The source of action; weighs, prevents, provides,
And scorns to count her glories, from the fents
Of brutal force alone.

Varieties. 1. Give to all persons, whom you respect, (with whom you walk, or whom you may meet,) especially ladies, the wall side of the walk or street. 2. If we think our evil allowable, tho' we do it not, it is ap propriated to us. 3. Why does the pendulum of a clock-continue to move! Because of the uniform operation of gravitation. What is gravitation? 4. Humility-is the child of wisdom: therefore, beware of selfconceit, and an unteachable disposition. 5. Psychology-is the science, that treats of the essence--and nature of the human soul, and of the mode--by which it flows into the actions of the body. 6. The true way to store the memory is-to develop the affections. 7. The only way to shun evils, or sins, is to fight against them. 8. Reading and observation are the food of the young intellect, and indispensable to its growth. 9. Is it possible, that heart-friends will ever separate? 10. All effects are produced by life, and no

ture.

Now vivid stars shine out, in brightening files,
And boundless ather glows, till the fair moon

Shows her broad visage-in the crimson'd east;
Now, stooping, seems to kiss the passing cloud,
Now, o'er the pure cerulean-rides sublime.
Nature, great parent! whose directing hand
Rolls round the seasons-of the changing year,
How mighty, how majestie, are thy works!
With what a pleasant dread-they swell the sout,
That sees, astonish'd, and astonish'd, sings!
You toc, ye winds, that now begin to blow,
With boist'rous sweep, I raise my voice to you.
Where are your stores, you viewless beings, say,
Where your aerial magazines--reserved
Against the day of temp 'st perilous?

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