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THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

Early in December, 1897, the North Atlantic Squadron was ordered to the Gulf of Mexico for maneuvers. It consisted of the first class battleships Iowa, Indiana and Massachusetts, the second class battleships Maine and Texas, the armored cruisers New York and Brooklyn, the cruisers Detroit and Montgomery, the monitor Terror and the gunboat Vesuvius. The ships were ordered to keep out of Cuban waters. The action of the government in sending this large squadron to the vicinity of Cuba was resented by the Spanias in the island. There was rioting in the city of Havana. Consul General Lee thought that American interests demanded the presence in the harbor of a war ship. At his request the battleship Maine, under Captain S gsbee, was ordered to Havana. It went with the consent of the Spanish government, and Spain arranged to send the Vizcaya to New York to return the visit of the Maine and the ship arrived there on February 19. On February 9 a letter from Senor De Lome, the Spanish minister to the United States, to Senor Canalejas was pubilshed. In it the President was called a "pot-house politician," and statements were male which showed that Spain regarled the autonomist proposals in Cuba as pretexts for gaining time for muitary operations. The next day Minister De Lome res gned under compulsion, and on February 15 Senor Luis Polo y Bernabe was appointed to succeed him.

BLOWING UP OF THE MAINE. Between 9 and 10 o'clock on the evening of the same day the battleship Maine was blown up in Havana harbor, resulting in the destruction of the lives of 264 sailors and marines and two officers. Two days later a board of inquiry was appointed to ascertain the cause of the explosion. The board consisted of Captain W. T. Sampson, of the Iowa, President; Lieut.-Commander Marix. Julge Advocate, and Captain F. E. Chadwick and Lieut.-Commander Potter, of the New York. The Spanish authorities asked permission to co-operate with us in the investigation, but this request was refused. On February 21 the board began its investigations at Havana. A few days later, owing to the general expectation of war, Congress unanimously appropriated $50,000,000 for national defense to be expended at the discretion of the President. On March 19 the bord of inquiry finished its investigations and on March 28 its report was submitted to Congress. It concluded with this sentence: "In the opinion of the court the Maine was destroyed by the explosion of a submarine mine, which causel the partial explosion of two or more of her forward magazines.' The next day several resolutions declaring war on Spain were introduced in both Houses. The day before the Maine report was submitted the President had asked Spain to agree to an armistice in Cuba until October, that there might be negotiations for peace between the insurgents and the Spaniards. Spain rejected this proposition.

PROTEST OF THE POWERS.

was now evident that war was unavoidable. On April 9 Consul-General Lee left Havana.

PRESIDENT ON INTERVENTION, On April 11 the President sent a message to Congress recommending armed intervention by the United States, in these words: The only hope of relief and repose from a condition which can no longer be endured is the enforced pacification of Cuba. In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American Interests, which give us the right and the duty to speak and to act, the war in Cuba must stop. In view of these facts and of these considerations, I ask the Congress to authorize and empower the President to take measures to secure a full and final termination of hostilities between the government of Spain and the people of Cuba, and to secure in the island the establishment of a stable serving its international obligations, insuring peace government capable of maintaining order and ob. and tranquillity and the security of its citizene, as well as our own, and to use the military and naval forces of the United States as may be necessary for these purposes.' On April 15 the War Department ordered the regular troops to various points on the South Atlantic coast. On April 19 the intervention resolutions were passed by Congress. They were as follows:

INTERVENTION RESOLUTIONS. First-That the people of the Island of Cuba are and of right ought to be free and independent. Second-That it is the duty of the United States to demand, and the Government of the United States does hereby demand, that the government of Spain at once relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban wat

ers.

Third-That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such an extent as may be necessary to carry these resolutions into effect.

Fourth-That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exerc se sovereignty, jurisdiction or control over said island, except for the pacification thereof, and asserts its determination when that is accomplished to leave the government and control of the island to its people.

The next day the resolutions were signed by the President and an ultimatum setting forth their provisions Was forwarded to Spain. Passports were given to Senor Polo, and he left Washington. On April 21 Stewart L Woolford, United States Minister to Spain, secured his passports from the Spanish Government and left Madrid. The war began at 7 o'clock on the morning of this day.

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On April 7 representatives of six European pow- On April 22 the North Atlantic Squadron salled ers waited on the President in the interest of from Key West to blockade the Cuban ports bepeace and submitted this note: "The undersigned tween Cardenas and Bahia Honda, on the north representatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary, of the island, and the Port of Cienfuegos on the France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia, duly au- south. Shortly after noon the gunboat Nashville, thorized in that behalf, address in the name of Commander Washburn Maynard, returned to Key their respective governments a pressing appeal to West with the Spanish freight ship Buena Venthe feelings of humanity and moderation of the tura, the first prize of the war. Two days later President and of the American people in their ex- the torpedo boat Porter ran in close to the Cuban isting differences with Spain. They earnestly coast near Matanzas. Its commander, Lieut. John hope that further negotiations will lead to an C. Fremont, was put ashore to deliver messages to agreement which, while securing the maintenance representatives of General Gomez, commander in of peace. will afford all necessary guarantees for chief of the Cuban forces. This was the first the re-establishment of order in Cuba. The powhostile landing on Cuban soil. The first engageers do not doubt that the humanitarian and dis- ment occurred on the morning of April 27, when Interested character of this representation will be the New York, the Cincinnati and the Puritan fully recognized and appreciated by the American had a fight with the Spanish land batteries at nation " The President replied as follows: The Matanzas. They silenced the batteries in 18 mingovernment of the United States appreciates the utes. On May 12 Admiral Sampson's squadron, humanitarian and disinterested character of the which had been in search of the Spanish ships communication now made on behalf of the powers under Admiral Cervera, approached the harbor of named, and, for its part, is confident that equal San Juan, Porto Rico, where it was thought the appreciation will be shown for its own earnest Spanish squadron might have taken refuge. It and unselfish endeavers to fulfill a duty to hu- was not found there, but the fortifications of the manity by ending a situation, the indefinite pro- port were bombarded. Admiral Sampson sent the longation of which has become insufferable." It auxiliary cruisers St. Paul and St. Louis to

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR-Continued.

search for the Spanish squadron. While he hal
been bombarling San Juan the gunboat Wi.ming-
ton, the revenue cutter Hudson and the torpedo
boat Winslow approached Cardenas. It was not
known that any Spanish ships were in the harbor,
but when our boats were within range the Span-
iards opened fire on them. In this engagement
Ensign Worth Bagley, executive officer of the
Winslow, was killed, the first American officer
to die in the war. Another fight had taken place
at Cienfuegos, on the south coast, when our ships
engaged in cutting the cables there were attacked.
Admiral Cervera's squadron, which included the
armored cruisers Vizcaya, Almirante Oquendo,

Infanta Maria Teresa and Cristobal Colon, the
torpedo boat destroyers Furor, Pluton and Terror,
and the torpedo boats Ariede, Azor and Rayo,
had sailed from the Cape Verde Islands on April
29.
It was sighted off St. Pierre, Martinique, on
May 19, and was next heard from at Curacoa.
The flying squadron, under Commodore Schley,
went after Cervera's ships. It was reported that
they had reached Cienfuegos, and Commodore
Schiey remainel off that harbor for a day or so.

CERVERA AT SANTIAGO.

He

Lezo and El Cano, and the auxiliary cruiser Isla
de Mindanao, besides several torpedo boats. Dewey
destroyed these ships before 11 o'clock without the
Toss of a single man and without causing serious
damage to his own fleet. The next day he re-
duced the fortifications of Cavite and took posses-
sion of them. Having been reinforced in the
meantime by several ships and several thousand
soldiers under command of General
Merritt, the army and the navy on
13 attacked the city of Manila. After a short
fight the Spanish commander surrendered.
REORGANIZING AND ENLARGING
HE ARMY.

Wesley
August

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Organization.

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Miscellaneous..

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*Total.... 2,191

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Enlistments in

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Regular Army.....

*Includes 5,365 men of Hospital Corps, which are exclusive of authorized strength.

Under the first proclamation calling for volunteers, issued on April 23, the President asked for 125,000 soldiers, apportioned among the States as follows:

Alabama-2 regiments infantry and 1 battalion.
Arkansas-2 regiments infantry.
California-2

On May 21 it was learned that Cervera was in the harbor of Santiago. Commodore Schley at once took up position before this port. Early on the morning of the 29th Admiral Schley ran in close to the harbor and saw the Cristobal Colon lying at anchor inside. He thereupon notified the Navy Officers & staffs Department that he had found Admiral Cervera Cavalry and his fleet at Santiago. The shore bat- Artillery teries were bombarded on May 31. For five Infantry. weeks our ships under the command of Admiral Sampson continued the blockade of Santiago. Naval Constructor R. P. Hobson, on June 3, took the collier Merrimac into the mouth of the harbor and sunk her, to prevent the Spaniards from getting out. He was assisted by seven men. and they were made prisoners by the Spaniards while they were attempting to swim from the wreck to a steam launch unier command of Cadet Powell, which had been sent for their rescue. A few days earlier the battleship Oregon, that had been ordered from the Pacific station on March 14, arrived at Key West, and was immediately sent to join the blockading squadron. On June 6 and on June 16 Admiral Sampson bombarded the Santiago fortifications. Between the first and second bombardment a squad of marines was landed at Guantanamo to provide a convenient place for recoaling the ships. They were attacked by the Spaniards but held their position. On the morning of July 3 Admira: Cervera attempted to escape from the harbor. Commodore Schley was in command of the shins before the entrance, Admiral Sampson having gone a little time before to Aguadores to consult with the commander of the United States troops. The Teresa, the Vizcaya, the Colon and the Oquendo got out of the harbor. They were pursued by the Brooklyn, the Texas, the Iowa, the Oregon and the Indiana, and were all destroyed or disablel. The torpedo boats Terror and Pluton were attacked by the Gloucester and sink. The Spanish loss in this battle was approximately 600 lives, 1,200 prisoners and $12,000,000 worth of property; the American loss was one killed, George H. Ellis, chief yeoman of the Brooklyn and ten slightly wounded. After the battle of Santiago our ships had a brief engagement at Manzanillo and at Nipe.

Cuba

DEWEY AND MANILA. While these things were happening in Commodore George Dewey, commander of the Asiatic squadron, had been busy in the East. When war was declared he was ordered to move against Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Great Britain issued a proclamation of neutrality. the terms of which compelled him to sail April 27 from the British port of Hong Kong. He arrived with his fleet, consisting of the protected cruiser Olympia, the cruisers Raleigh, Baltimore and Boston, the gunboats Concord and Petrel, and the dispatch boat McCullagh, at Manila Bay on April 30.

Darly on the morning of May 1 he sailed past the fortifications at the mouth of Manila Bay and attacked the Spanish squadron lying at anchor off Cavite. The Spanish ships were the cruisers Reina Maria, Christiana, Castilla. Don Antonio de Ulloa. Don Juan de Austria and Velasco, and the gunboats Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, General

giments infantry, 2 battalions,

4 heavy batteries.
Connecticu:-1 regiment infantry, 2 light bat-
teries. one heavy battery.

Colorado-1 regiment infantry, 1 battery.
Delaware---1 regiment infantry.
Florida-1 regiment infantry.

Georgia-2 regiments infantry, 2 light batteries.
Illinois-7 regiments infantry, 1 troop cavalry.
Indiana- regiments infantry, 2 light batteries.
Iowa-2 regiments infantry, Mght batteries.
Kansas-3 regiments infantry.

Kentucky-3 regiments infantry and 2 cavalry.
Lousiana-2 regiments infantry.

Maine-1 regiment infantry, i heavy battery.
Maryland-1 regimen: infantry, 4 heavy bat-

teries.

Massachusetts-4 regiments infantry, 4 heavy

batteries,

Michigan-4 regiments infantry.
Minnesota-3 regiments infantry.
Mississippi-2 regiments infantry.

Missouri-3 regiments infantry, 1 light battery.
Montana-1 regiment infantry.

Nebraska-2 regiments infantry.

New Hampshire-1 regiment infantry.
New Jersey-3 regiments infantry.

New York-12 regiments infantry, 2 troops cavalry.

North Carolina-2 regiments infantry, 1 heavy battery.

Ohio-6 regiments infantry, 4 light batteries, 2 squads cavalry.

Oregon-1 regiment infantry.

Pennsylvania-10 regiments infantry, 4 heavy

batteries.

Rhode Island-1 regiment infantry.

South Carolina-1 regiment infantry, 1 light battery, 1 heavy battery.

Tennessee-3 regiments infantry.
Texas-3 regiments infantry, 1 cavalry.
Utah-1 troop cavalry, 2 light batteries.
Vermont-1 regimert infantry.
Virginia-3 regimente infantry.
Washington-1 regiment infantry.
West Virginia-1 regiment infantry.

of each company of engineers to 150, and of the Signal Corps to 100 first class privates and 40-second class privates.

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR-Continued.
Wisconsin-3 regiments infantry.
Wyoming-1 light battery, 1 troop cavalry.
District of Columbia-1 battalion infantry.
North Dakota-5 troops cava.ry.
South Dakota-7 troops cavalry.
Idaho-2 troops cavalry,
Nevada-1 troop cavalry.
Arizona-2 troops cavalry.
New Mexico-4 troops cavalry.
Oklahoma-1 troop cavalry.

GENERAL SHAFTER'S EXPEDITION.

The first attempt of the Army to land in Cuba was made on May 11, when the steamer Gussie sailed with two companies of the 1st United States infantry, with a supply of food, horses, arms and ammunition, for the Cuban forces of General As the war progressed it was found that this Diaz in the Province of Pinar del Rio. This exnumber was not Large enough, and on May 25 pedition was not successful. On May 30 the 5th another proclamation was issued calling for 75,000 Army Corps, under command of Maj.-Gen. Shafmen, apportioned among the States as follows: ter, was ordered to sail for Cuba and attack the Alabama, 855; California, 1,326; Connecticut, 1,326; city of Santiago by land, in co-operation with AdColorado, 109; Georgia, 1,326; Illinois, 2,652; In- miral Sampson's fleet by sea. This expedition diana, 1,544; Iowa, 318; Kansas, 883; Kentucky, sailed on June 14, convoyed by ships from Admiral 1.326; Louisiana, 332. Maine, 332; Maryland, 444; Sampson's squadron. It comprised 773 ollicers Massachusetts. 1,326; Michigan, 1,326; Minnesota, and 14 364 enlisted men. The infantry force con1.326; Mississippi, 661: Missouri, 1,326; Nebraska, sisted of the 1st, 21, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 1,326; New Jersey, 1,326; New York, 4,308; North 12th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 20th, 21st, 224, 24th and 25th Carolina, 779; Ohio, 2.307; Oregon, 218, Pennsyl- Regulars, the 71st New York Volunteers, the 2d vania. 1,962; Rhode Island, 218; South Carolina, Massachusetts Volunteers. the 1st District of Co885; Tennessee, 1,326; Texas, 1,326; Utah, 111;lumbia, 1st Illinois, 8th Ohio, 33d and 34th MichiVirginia, 883; Washington, 441; West Virginia, gan Volunteers. The following troops were later 1,326; Wisconsin, 1.455; Wyoming, 125; Nevada, 332; sent to relieve the Fifth Army Corps and to form Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Indian Ter- garrisons of the Department of Santiago: 5th C. ritory, 1,326. S. Infantry, 23d Kansas Volunteer Infantry, 8th In addition, Congress authorized the organiza- Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 2d U. S. Volunteer Intion of thrce regiments of volunteer cavalry, three fantry, 31 U.S. Volunteer Infantry, 4th U. S. Volunengineer regiments and ten regiments of yellow teer Infantry, 5th U. S. Volunteer Infantry and 9th fever immunes, making the total volunteer army U S. Volunteer Infantry. The cavalry force conabout 2:3.000 men. These added to the large reg-sisted of two dismounted squadrons of four troops ular army made the total number of men engaged each from the 1st, 3d, 6th, 9th and 10th Regular in the war 275,000. This large army was Cavalry and two dismounted squadrons from the organized into seven corps, which were ordered ist Volunteer Cavalry, commanded by Col into camp at the following places: First Corps, Leonard Wood, with Lieut.-Col. Theodore RooseChickamauga, Major-General John R. Brooke. velt, second in command. This was the commanding; Second Corps, Chickamauga and organization known as the "Roosevelt Rough RGlater at Camp Aiger, Va., Major-General Wiliam ers." There was also one squadron of the 2d RegМ Graham, commanding: Third Corps, Chicka- ular Cavalry, which took its horses with it. The mauga, Major-General James F. Wade, command- artillery force consisted of Light Batteries E and ing: Fourth Corps, Mobile, Major-General John J. K of the 1st Artillery, Light Batteries A and F of Coppinger; Fifth Corps, Tampa, later at Santiago, the 2d Artillery and Siege Batteries G and H of Major-General Wiliam R. Shafter, commanding: the 4th Artillery. There were also two companies Sixta Corps, Chickamauga, Major-Generai James of engineers and fifteen staff officers, beside some H. Wilson: Seventh Corps, Jacksonville, Major-fifty newspaper correspondents and representatives General Fitzhugh Lee, commanding. An Eighth of the armies and navies of Europe. It arrived Corps was organized among the troops at Manila, and Major-General Wesley Merritt placed in command. Major-General Joseph Wheeler was assign+] to command the cavalry division that was organized at Tampa.

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off Santiago on June 20. At about the same time Gen. Calixto Garcia appeared at Accerraderos. fifteen miles west of the city, with 4,000 Cubans. and a conference between them and the Americans was arranged. On June 22 the landing of the American troops was begun at Daiquiri, a few miles east of Santiago. On June 23 the advance under Brig.-Gen. Henry W. Lawton pushed on to Siboney, nire miles west of Daiquiri

On June 24 the American advance reached La On Guasimas, where the enemy was encountered. the next day the Battle of La Guasimas was fought, resulting in a victory for our troops. In this battle Captain Allyn K. Capron, Jr., ana Sergeant Hamilton Fish, besides several privates of the First Volunteer Cavalry, known as the Rough Riders, were killed. On June 25 the American advance occupied Savilla, with Lawton's division in front, Wheeler's dismounted cavalry next and Brig.-Gen. J. Ford Kent's division in the rear. The advance continued on June 27; the outposts reaching to within three or four miles of Santiago. On June 29 General Shafter landed and went to the front and established his headquarters near those of General Lawten. On June 30 General Lawton made a careful reconnoisance of the country about El Caney, and orders were issued by General Shafter for an attack to take place on July 1. This order was obeyed, and at 7 o'clock on that morning the light battery, commanded by Allyn K. Capron, Sr., opened fire. The fighting continued until late in the afterneon, the brunt of it falling upon General Chaffee's brigade, composed of the Seventh. Twelfth and Seventeenth Infantry, which succeeded in taking the village. On the same General Wheeler's division of dismounted cavalry, assisted by General Kent. took the fortifications on San Juan hili. We had broken the enemy's lines in the principal points and continued the fighting on the next day. General Shafter telegraphed to Washington for reinforcements and eight days later 6,000 men reached him. With these the city was completely invested. On Sunday, July 3, Admiral Cervera attempted to escape from the harbor with his squadron, and General Shafter demanded the surrender of the city; this

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR-Continued.

demand was refused. The foreign consuls in Santiago requested that the bombardment be delayed until the foreign residents had been removed to places of safety. This request was granted and truce was allowed, which continued until July 9.

SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO.

sur

General Miles arrived in front of Santiago or July 12 and at his suggestion a meeting was held between the lines, at which th Span.sh and th American generals d scuss.d the terms of render, and on July 16 the surrender was agreed to upon these conditions: 2,000 refugees to 20 back to Santiago; an American infantry patrol o roads surrounding the city; our hospital corps to give attention to sick and wounded Spanish soldiers; all Spanish troops in the province of Santiago, except 10,000 at Holquin, to come to the city to surrender; the guns and def nses of Santiago to be tured over to the Americans in good condition; Spanish troops to surr nder their arms; all Spaniards to be cor veyed to span and to take portable church prope ty, and Spaniards operate with Americans in destroying mines, Our total lass in the attack on the city was 1,593 men killed, wounded and missing.

to coharbor

The

with his forces and compelled the Spaniards to
retreat. This is known as the battle of Hermi-
queras. In it We lost one killed and fifteen
wounded. General Schwan advanced to Agua-
La and on August 13 he was attacked by 1,500
Spaniards near Rio Canas, but suffered no losses
Brigadier-General Henry had been sent in the
direction of Aljuntas. When he reached that town
he found that the garrison of 400 Spaniards had
retreated. He pushed on to Utuado, the Spun-
lards fleeing before him. He advanced to Arica
and received an offer of surrender, but did not
because
accept,
his force was too small. The
army's main task in Porto Rio was the capture
of San Juan, the capital. Major-Gen ral John R.
Brooke sent Brigadier-General Peter C. Haines
with two regiments of volunteers toward that city.
They occupied Guayama without opposition, but
discovered the en my entrenched two miles be-
He sent back for reinforcements
yond the town.
and General Brooke came forward with the main
body of his command and dislodged the Spin-
iards. Coamo was taken on August 9 after a brief
eng gement in which we had six m n wounded
Troop C of Brooklyn was in this battle. Then
we had a small engagement with the Spaniards
near Aybonito. They were shelled by Pott's bat-
tery of the Third Artillery. We lost one man
killed and five w urded. This action took plac
on August 12, and as General Wilson was about
to order a renewal of the attack the news of the
armistice came.

CAPTURE OF MANILA.

The country's first serious blow against Spain had been struck at Manila, in the Philippine Islands. After the capture of Cavite by the Navy Major-General Wesley Merritt was appointei military governor of Manlia. The first expedition for the Philippines, under command of Gen. T. M. Anderson, United States Volunteers, sailed May 25, consisting of the First California Infantry. Second Oregon Infantry, five companies Fourteenth United States Infantry, and a detachment of California Artillery-115 officers and 2,386 enlisted men-arriving off Manila June 30. The second expedition, unler the command of Gen. F. V. Greene, United States Volunteers, sailed June 15, and consisted of the First Colorado, First Nebraska, Tenth Pennsylvania Infantry, four companies Eighteenth and four companies Twentythird United States Infantry, two batteries Utah Artillery and detachment of United States Engineers a total of 158 officers and 3.428 enlisted men -arriving at their destination July 17. The third expedition, under the command of Generals Mer

THE PORTO RICO CAMPAIGN. The attack on Porto Rico began at once. first of the troopships. under command of MajorGeneral Miles, salied from Guantanamo, Cuba, July 21, with the Sixth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Sixth Hinois Volunteer Infantry, of General G. A. Garretson's brigade of General Guy V. Henry's division, and Batteries C and F. Third United States Artillery; Battery B. Fourth United States Artilery; Battery D. Fifth United States Artillery; detachment of recruits, Signal and Hospital Corps, making a total of 3,554 officers and men, and landed at Guanica, Porto Rico, July 25, 1898. On July 21 the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Second and Third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Companies D and M, Sixth Ilinois Volunteer Infantry, making a total of 162 officers and 3,150 enlisted men, under command of Major-Generai James H. Wilson, sailed from Charleston, S. C.. arriving at Guanica July 27. July 23 the Eleventh and Nineteenth United States Infantry, Batteries C and M, Seventh United States Artillery; Troop B, Second Cavalry; and Battery B, Fifth Atillery, making a total of 80 officers and 2,831 enlisted men, under command of Brigadier-General Theodore Schwan, United States Volunteers, sailed from Tampa, Fla., arriving at Ponce August 2. July 23 the Philadelphia City Troop, Pennsylvania Cavalry; A and C, New York Cavalry; B, Pennsylvania Artillery; Twenty-sev-ritt. United States Army, commanding corps, and enth Indiana Light Battery; A, Illinois Artillery; A, Missouri Artillery; Troop H, Sixth United States Cavalry; Company F, Eighth United States Infantry, under command of Major-General John R. Brooke, United States Army, sailed from Newport News, arriving at Guayama July 31. July 28 the Third linols Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and Fourth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, making a total of 145 officers and 3,581 enlisted men, under command of Brigadier-General Peter C. Hains, United States Volunteers, sailed from Newport News, Va., arriving at Arroyo August 3. August 10 the First KenLucky Volunteer Infantry; Batteries A and C. Pennsylvania Volunteer Artillery; Sheridan's Troop. Pennsylvan'a Cavalry; Governor's Troop, Pennsylvania Cavalry, making a total of 48 officers and 1.109 enlisted men, under command of Brigadier-Genera. F. D. Grant, United States Volunteers, sailed from Newport News, Va., arriving at Pence August 16.

en,

General Miles himself, with a force of 3,400 left Guantanamo Bay on July 21, and on July 24 arrived off Guan co on the south coast of Porto Rico. Captain Wainwright, with the Gloucester, stenced the slight opposition made by the Spanarls; then our troops were landed without loss of life. An advance was made towards Yauco and on July 26 we took possession of the railroad connecting it with Ponce. Two days later Ponce surrendered without further resistance when the demand was made by our ships. On July 29 troops were landed from transports at P ne. Our forces took possession of Mayaguez and Aguadilla, and SaVana la Grande, and San German. About three miles beyond the latter village a force of 1,200 Spaniards Was met. General Schwan advanced

MacArthur, United States Volunteers, sailed June 27 ani 29, and consisted of four companies of Eighteenth and four companies of Twenty-third United States Infantry, four batteries of Thiri Uniel States Artillery, one company United States Engineers, First Idaho, First Wyoming. Thirteen h Minnesota, and First North Dakota Infantry, the Astor Battery and detachments of Hospital and Signal Corps, a total of 197 officers and 4,650 enlisted men, which arrived at their destination July 25 and 31.

Brigadier General F. V Greene had gotten his treons in a strong position p ior to the arrival of General Merritt. On July 31 Brig di-r-General Arthur McArthur reached Mania. ac orpan ed by General Merr tt. Now th re we e 8,50) m n in position to attack. On August 7 G ne al Merritt and Admiral Dewey sent a jo'n let er to the Spanish Captain-General, not fig him to remove ron-combatants from the city within two days. The Spaniards replied that they had no place of refuge for the non-combatants. On August 9 a formal demand for the surrender of the city was made. The surrender was refused, but the Captain-General offered to consult the home governmert, if we would give him time. This we declined and a joint attack was ordered for August 13. Our fleet sailed from Cavice on the morning of that day and b gan an attack on the flank of the Spanish entrenchments. The navy ceased firing within half an hour and the troops on the shore, led by Generals Gecen and McArthur, began an attack. The Spaniards were driven to the wal's of Manila and promptly sur endered. navy suffered ro lo s in the act on and the army lost only 12 men kill d and 10 wounded. We took 13,000 prisoners and 22,000 arms. To atd in holding

The

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR-Continued.

what we had in our possession the fourth expedition, under command of General E, S. Otis. United States Volunteers, sai.ed July 15, ard consisted of six troops Fourth United States Cavalry, two batteries sixth Un ted States Artillery. five companies Fourteenth United States Infantry, and detachment of recruits, a total of 42 officers and 1,640 enlisted men, and arrived at its destination August 21. The fifth expedition under com mard of Colonel H. C. Kessier, of the First Mon tana Infant: y, sailed July 19, and consisted of the First Montana In.antry and detachment of recruits, a total of 34 officers and 1,294 enlisted men, arriving at destination August 24. The sixth expedition, under command of General H. G. Otis. United States Volunteers, sailed July 23, and consisted of eight companies of the First South Dakota and detachments, a total of 50 officers and 846 enlisted men, arriving at destination Augus: 24. The seventh expedition, under command_of Lieutenant Colonel Lee Stover, First South Dakota Infantry, sailed July 19. and consisted of four companies of First South Dakota and detachment of recruits. a total of 25 officers and 8:4 enlisted men, arriving at destination August 31 The eighth expedition sailed on October 19, 27, 28 and 30, and consisted of the Twentieth Kansas, First Tennessee and First Washi g'on Inf ntr Volunteers and a battalion of Cal frnia Artillery, a total of 99 fficers and 2.56% enlist d men. Th total forces of the eight expeditions make a grand total of 730 officers and 17,623 enlisted men.

CONCLUSION OF PEACE.

as possible, the entire Fifth Army Corps being ordered to Montauk Poin:. On August 16 the President appointed the following military commissions with instructions to arrange for the occupation by American troops of Porto Rico and w3. For Cuba: M. jor-General James F. Wade. Rear Admiral William T. Sampson and MajorGeneral Matthew C. Butler. For Porto Rico: Major-General John R. Brooke, Rear-Admira Winfield S. Schley and Brigadier-General William G. Gordon.

THE PEACE COMMISSIONERS.

A few days later the President a, pointed the following as the American members of the commission to negotiate a treaty of peace: Secretary of State William R. Day, Senator Cushman K. Davis of Minnesota, chairman of the Senate committee on foreign affairs; Senator William P. Frye of Maine, member of the committee on foreign affairs; Whitelaw Reid of New York, and Senator George Gray of Wilmington, Dela

ware.

The Spanish members of the Commission are: Senors Eugene Montero Rios, Buenaventura Abarzuza, W. Z. de Villarutia, J. de Garnica and General R. Cerero.

THE TREATY.

It was agreed that the commissioners should me t in Paris. Their first session was held on Octob Int 2 o'clock in the afternoon.

The last session was held on Saturday, December 10, when a treaty was signed in duplicate. It over and claim of title to Cuba; the cession of Porto Rico and other Spanish possessions in the West Indies, together with Guan in the L.drones; the cession of the Philippines and the payment by the United States of $20,000,000 to Spain te cover the money borrowed for local improvements the terms of the evacuation of the Philippines; the ledge of the United States to preserve order in the Philippines pending the ratification of the treaty, the release of military prisoners mutually; the release by Spain of political prisoners for offense in Cuba and the Philippines; the pledge of the United States to inaugurate in the Philippines an "open door policy as well as for many details involved in the readjustment of relations affected by the American victory.

The defeat at Santiago convinced the Spaniardsovided for: The relinquishment of sovereignty that there was little use of continuing th war On July 25 t was announced that the Spanish Foreign Minister had decided to open direct negotiations for peace with the United .ates. On the same day a nose was drafted in Madrid, making peace proposals, and it was submitted to our goernment by M. Cambon, the French Ambas ador to this country. who had been selected to rej resent Spain in the negotiations. On July 30, Ambassador Cambon was notified he could call at the White House and received our official reply. Then a public announcement was made of the nature of our proposals. On August 2 it was announced from Spain that our terms would be accepted, but the formal action by the Spanish government was not taken until August 7. On August 9 the French ambassador called at the White House and not fied the President of Spain's official action. On August 10 he received the copy of the protocol, which was cabled to Madrid, and on August 12 the document was signed in the White House. These are its provisions:

THE PROTOCOL.

1. That Spain will relinquish all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.

2. That Porto Rico and other Spanish islands in the West Indies and an island in the Ladrones, to be selected by the United States, sha be ceded to the latter.

3. That the United States will occupy and hold the city. bay and harbor of Manila, pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace which shall determine the control, disposition and government of the Philippines.

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4. That Cuba, Porto Rico and other Spanish islands in the West Indies shall be immediately evacuated, and that commissioners, pointed within ten days, sha., within thirty days from the signing of the protoco., meet at Hayana and San Juan, respectively, to arrange and execute the details of the evacuation.

5. That the United States and Spain will each appoint not more than five commissioners to negotiate and conclude a treaty of peace. The commissioners are to meet at Paris not later than October 1.

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6. On the signing of the protocol, wil be suspended and notice to that effect wil be given 29 soon as possible by each government to the commanders of its military and nava: forces.

ARMISTICE ORDRED.

As soon as it was signed President McKinley issued a proclamation declaring an armistice and onders were sent to Admirals Sampson and Dewey, and to Generals Miles, Shafter and Merritt, diThe troops from recting them to cease hostilities. Cuba and Porto Rico were sent home as rapidly

LOSS OF

LIFE.

The total loss of life in the Army during the war from May 1 to September 30, from all causes. according to a statement issued by the War D partment, was 2.910. Following are the casualtie in detail: Casualties attending the siege ard surrender of Santiago: At La Quasima, on June 24, present for duty, 74 officers and 1,067 enlie.ei men. killed, 1 cfficer and 15 enlisted men; wound6 officers and 44 enlisted men. ed. Operations from July 1 embracto 12. against Santiago ing actions at San Juan, ΕΙ Caney and Aguadores and actions around Santiago: pr-sent. 858 officers and 17,358 enlisted men. Killed 22 officers and 222 enlisted men; wounded. 93 cm cers and 1,285 enlisted men,

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Casualties attending the operations in Ports Rico: At Guanica road on July 25, 1 officer and i enlisted men wounded. At Guayama, August 3. wounded. 4 enlisted men Guayama, on August 8, 5 enlisted men wounded. Near Coamo, on August 9, 6 enlisted men At Hermiqueras, on August 10, wounded. enlisted man killed; officer and 15 enlisted mer wounded. At the pass near Aybonito, on Augu12. 2 enlisted men killed; 2 officers and 3 es. listed men wounded.

Casualties attending the operations in Manila: In the trencaes be.ore Manika from July 30 te August 5, 13 enlisted men killed; 7 officers and 37 orlisted men wounded. During the assault 011 Manila, August 13, 4 enlisted men killed, 3 officers and 39 enlisted men wounded.

Grand total: In Ceb, k led, 23 officers and 237 enlisted men; wounded, 99 officers and 1.332 ensted men. In Porto Rico, killed, 3 enlisted men. wounded, 4 officers and 36 enlisted men. At Manila. killed, 17 erlisted men; wounded, 10 officers and 96 enlisted men. Total killed. 23 officers. 237 enlisted men; wounded, 113 officers and 1,467 enlisted men. In addition 4 officers and 61 enlisted men died from wounds.

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