When number 4 is placed above number 1, 2, or 3, it indicates warmer; when below, colder; when not displayed, the temperature is expected to remain about stationary. During the late spring and early fall the cold-wave flag is also used as a frost-warning flag to indicate anticipated frosts. When number 5 is displayed, number 4 is always omitted. The "Norther" signal, red flag with black center (not shown above), indicates high northerly winds, accompanied by snow, with temperature below freezing, and is used in Minnesota, the Dakotas, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, and Texas, except at stations on Lake Superior and the Gulf Coast. When displayed on poles, the signals should be arranged to read downward; when displayed from horizontal supports, a small streamer should be attached to indicate the point from which the signals are to be read. Wind Direction and Velocity Signals. 1st.-A storm signal; red flag with black center. 2d.-When red pennant is hoisted above storm signal winds are expected from the northeast quadrant; when below from the southeast quadrant. 3d.-When white pennant is hoisted above storm signal, winds are expected from the northwest quadrant; when below from the southwest quadrant. 4th--Red pennant displayed alone, indicates storm of moderate strength. 5th.-Hurricane signal; two red flags with black centers, displayed one above the other, and will be used to announce the expected approach of tropical hurricanes, and also of those extremely severe and dangerous storms which occasionally move across the lakes and northern Atlantic coast. 6th.-Night storm signals; a red light for easterly winds, and a red and white light for westerly winds. Tornadoes and Cyclones. The tornado is a sudden outburst of wind in an otherwise quiet, sultry atmosphere: it is ushered in by a loud, indescribable roar, similar to a continuous roll of thunder; its path is very narrow-seldom more than 500 feet wide at greatest destruction; it moves, generally, from southwest to northeast, and rarely extends more than twenty miles; it very often rises in the air, to descend again at a point a few miles ahead; it is generally accompanied by thunder storms, with often a bright glow in the cloud; this cloud has usually a funnel shape, which appears to be whirling, though some observers have described its appearance like that of a huge ball rolling forward. A tornado may be considered as the result of an extreme development of conditions which otherwise produce thunderstorms. A cyclone, on the other hand, is a very broad storm, oftentimes 1,000 miles in diameter, and sometimes can be followed half around the world; the winds circulate about it from right to left, or the way one turns clock hands backward (in the Southern Hemisphere this motion is reversed). The air pressure always falls as one approaches the center, where, at sea, there is a portentous calm, with clear sky visible at times. The cyclone winds often rise to hurricane force, but are not to be compared with the extreme violence of the tornado, before which the most solid structures are razed. Lake Superior is 1,008 feet deep, 601 feet being above sea level and 407 below it. The bottom of the lake is about 375 feet deeper than the channels to New York harbor. The English Royal Naval architect says that a "perfect" modern man-of-war should weigh not less than 25,000 tons, and cost at least £2,000,000 or $10,000,000. LONG ISLAND GAZETEER. ABBREVIATIONS: B'kn, Brooklyn; when this is followed by a number the ward is indicated: Fl.. Flushing; Hemp., Hempstead; Jam., Jamaica; N'tn, Newtown; N. Hmp., North Hempstead; O. B., Oyster Bay, Bab., Babylon; B'hn, Brookhaven; E. H., Easthampton; Hunt., Huntington; R. H., Riverhead: S. I.; Shelter Island; S'tn, Smithtown; S. H., Southampton; S old, Southold; Har., harbor; R indicates that the place lies on a line of railroad; Loc., locality; Pen., peninsular; Isl., Island; Ham., hamlet. Some of the prominent features or interests of villages are indicated by the abbreviations: Oys., oysters: Frm., farming: Com., commercial centre; Sub., suburban; Res., residences: Fish, fishing interests of various classes: Flo., Florists; Sum., summer resorts; Mfg., manufacturing; Sea, sea-shore resorts; Cem., cemeteries; Mech., mechanics and tradesmen: Asy., asylums; Ind., Indian Reservation. Air line distances are reckoned from Brooklyn City Hall. Numbers at the left hand of the names of places are for convenience of reference to them A number immediately following a name when preceded by the sign + indicates that the place named is a part of the place indicated by the number: when the number is preceded by the sign = it indicates simply another name for the same place. Numbers preceded by an indicate recent enumeration of inhabitants within the corporate limits of the village. In connection with places occurring in the Borough of Queens the old town names are retained as an aid in locating such places more definitely. $527 June 14, 9 1,500 Aug. 5, 96 268 Sept. 29.97 6 Aqueduct.. Sum. R Jam 7 Ardmoor 8 Arlington Beach. 86 Brick S'old.. 10 Artist Lake +358 66 57 Ham. B'hn. 51 Loc B'hn... 472 |