riculum is to be found in the advanced grammar grades of our public schools, though the book is also suited to the wants of high schools and academies. It is earnestly recommended that the Grammar be taken in connection with the School Composition,— the author's ideal of the distribution of study being: three grammar lessons and two composition lessons per week. The method and the matter of the book are both so obvious that teachers will discover its scope and character by simply turning over the leaves: hence no detailed exhibit of the plan seems to be called for here. The author would state in a single sentence that his aim has been to set forth, in the light of the latest linguistic scholarship, the etymology and the syntax of the English language-to make a logical, systematic, and well-ordered presentation of this great subject, with a view both to intellectual development, or wit-sharpening, and to the attainment of a fair mastery of the art of speaking and writing our tongue. Very great care has been taken to make it a working class-book; and particular attention is called to the summaries, topical analyses, and written reviews. For the higher study of English, in its historical and comparative aspects, a good amount of material will be found in the Appendix, pages 237–252. In the preparation of this text-book the author has handled several hundred English grammars, all of which have been sug gestive in one way or other. He must, however, acknowledge his indebtedness throughout to the great German works of Maetzner and of Koch, and to the English grammars of Morris, Ernest Adams, Bain, Mulligan, and Mason. It will perhaps not be amiss to credit to these storehouses all that is best in the material of this text-book; its architecture the author claims as his own. NEW YORK, August, 1877. WILLIAM SWINTON. IV. GRAMMATICAL FORMS OF THE VERB. I. VOICE, 54; II. Moon, 55; III. TENSE, 57; IV. MOODS WITH TENSES, 57; V. NUMBER AND PERSON, 64; VI. CONJUGATION, 66; CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERBS, 67; PARADIGM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR. INTRODUCTION. 1. Language is the expression of thought by means of spoken or written words. 2. Grammar is the science that treats of the principles of language. Some principles are common to all languages, and these principles form the science of general grammar; but as the several languages differ widely, it is necessary to have a special grammar for each. Hence French grammar, German grammar, English grammar, etc. 3. English grammar is the science that treats of the principles of the English language. Its use, or end, is to teach the art of speaking and writing the English language correctly. As a science { Explains the structure As an art of the language } THEORY. 4. Words and Sentences. Language consists of words arranged in sentences. I. A word is a significant sound or combination of sounds. It may be represented by a written character or combination of characters. A |