cannot think at all, you see I have nothing to express; so that peculiar power, according to them, is of no use to me whatever.1

.16. But you don't want to make your bricks yourself; you want to have them made for you by the United Grand Junction Limited Liability Brick-without-Straw Company, paying twenty-five per cent. to its idle shareholders? Well, what will you do, yourself, then? Nothing? Or do you mean to play on the fiddle to the Company making your bricks? What will you do of this first work necessary for your life? There's nothing but digging and cooking now remains to be done. Will you dig, or cook? Dig, by all means; but your house should be ready for you first.

Your wife should cook. What else can you do? Preach?-and give us your precious opinions of God and His ways! Yes, and in the meanwhile I am to build your house, am I? and find you a barrel-organ, or a harmonium, to twangle psalm-tunes on, I suppose? Fight—will you ? —and pull other people's houses down; while I am to be set to build your barracks, that you may go smoking and spitting about all day, with a cockscomb on your head, and spurs to your heels?-(I observe, by the way, the Italian soldiers have now got cocks' tails on their heads, instead of cocks' combs.)-Lay down the law to me in a wig, will you? and tell me the house I have built isNOT mine? and take my dinner from me, as a fee for that opinion? Build, my man,-build, or dig,—one of the two; and then eat your honestly-earned meat, thankfully, and let other people alone, if you can't help them.

1 [See Letter 46, § 17 (p. 185).]

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE

17. THE points suggested by the letter printed in the Fors of September, respecting the minor action of English Magistracy, must still be kept for subsequent consideration, our to-day's work having been too general to reach them.

2

I have an interesting letter from a man of business, remonstrating with me on my declaration that railroads should no more pay dividends than carriage roads, or field footpaths.8

He is a gentle man of business, and meshed, as moderately well-meaning people, nowadays, always are, in a web of equivocation between what is profitable and benevolent.

He says that people who make railroads should be rewarded by dividends for having acted so benevolently towards the public, and provided it with these beautiful and easy means of locomotion. But my correspondent is too good a man of business to remain in this entanglement of brains-unless by his own fault. He knows perfectly well, in his heart, that the "benevolence" involved in the construction of railways amounts exactly to this much and no more,-that if the British public were informed that engineers were now confident, after their practice in the Cenis and St. Gothard tunnels, that they could make a railway to Hell, -the British public would instantly invest in the concern to any amount; and stop church-building all over the country, for fear of diminishing the dividends.

1 [Not September, but August. Letter 44, § 16 (p. 141). A discussion of the points in question had been promised (p. 142) for the present Letter.]

2 [The subject was not expressly dealt with in any subsequent Letter; but see Letter 71, § 20 (below, pp. 751-752).]

3 [See Munera Pulveris, § 128 (Vol. XVII. p. 253), and the letter in the Daily Telegraph, August 6, 1868 (ibid., p. 531). For another passage on the subject, see Appendix 17, §§ 5-7 (Vol. XXIX. pp. 571, 572).]

LETTER 48

THE ADVENT COLLECT1

1. THE accounts of the state of St. George's Fund, given without any inconvenience in crowding type, on the last leaf of this number of Fors, will, I hope, be as satisfactory to my subscribers as they are to me. In these days of financial operation, the subscribers to anything may surely be content when they find that all their talents have been laid up in the softest of napkins; and even farther, that, though they are getting no interest themselves, that lichenous growth of vegetable gold, or mould, is duly developing itself on their capital.

2

The amount of subscriptions received, during the four years of my mendicancy, might have disappointed me, if, in my own mind, I had made any appointments on the subject, or had benevolence pungent enough to make me fret at the delay in the commencement of the national felicity which I propose to bestow. On the contrary, I am only too happy to continue amusing myself in my study, with stones and pictures; and find, as I grow old, that I remain resigned to the consciousness of any quantity of surrounding vice, distress and disease, provided only the sun shine in at my window over Corpus Garden, and there are no whistles from the luggage trains passing the Waterworks.

2. I understand this state of even temper to be what most people call "rational"; and, indeed, it has been the result of very steady effort on my own part to keep myself, if it might be, out of Hanwell, or that other

[See below, § 15. A discarded title for this Letter was "The Days of the Anakim" (see § 5).]

2 [Luke xix. 20: see above, p. 150.]

Hospital which makes the name of Christ's native village dreadful in the ear of London. For, having long observed that the most perilous beginning of trustworthy qualification for either of those establishments consisted in an exaggerated sense of self-importance; and being daily compelled, of late, to value my own person and opinions at a higher and higher rate, in proportion to my extending experience of the rarity of any similar creatures or ideas among mankind, it seemed to me expedient to correct this increasing conviction of my superior wisdom, by companionship with pictures I could not copy, and stones I could not understand :—while, that this wholesome seclusion may remain only self-imposed, I think it not a little fortunate for me that the few relations I have left are generally rather fond of me;-don't know clearly which is the next of kin, -and perceive that the administration of my inconsiderable effects* would be rather troublesome than profitable to them. Not in the least, therefore, wondering at the shyness of my readers to trust me with money of theirs, I have made, during these four years past, some few experiments with money of my own,-in hopes of being able to give such account of them as might justify a more extended confidence. I am bound to state that the results, for the present, are not altogether encouraging. On my own little piece of mountain ground at Coniston I grow a large quantity of wood-hyacinths and heather, without any expense worth mentioning; but my only industrious agricultural operations have been the getting three-poundsten worth of hay, off a field for which I pay six pounds rent; and the surrounding, with a costly wall six feet high, to keep out rabbits, a kitchen garden, which, being terraced and trim, my neighbours say is pretty; and which will

* See statement at close of accounts [p. 224].

1 [The Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem, founded as a priory in 1247, is mentioned as early as 1402 as being used as a hospital for lunatics, and instances of the modern sense of bedlam (Middle English Bedlem = Bethlem) occur as early as the sixteenth century: see Murray's New English Dictionary.]

probably, every third year, when the weather is not wet, supply me with a dish of strawberries.

3. At Carshalton, in Surrey, I have indeed had the satisfaction of cleaning out one of the springs of the Wandel, and making it pleasantly habitable by trout; but find that the fountain, instead of taking care of itself when once pure, as I expected it to do, requires continual looking after, like a child getting into a mess; and involves me besides in continual debate with the surveyors of the parish, who insist on letting all the road-washings run into it.1 For the present, however, I persevere, at Carshalton, against the wilfulness of the spring and the carelessness of the parish; and hope to conquer both: but I have been obliged entirely to abandon a notion I had of exhibiting ideally clean street pavement in the centre of London,in the pleasant environs of Church Lane, St. Giles's.2 There I had every help and encouragement from the authorities; and hoped, with the staff of two men and a young rogue of a crossing-sweeper, added to the regular force of the parish, to keep a quarter of a mile square of the narrow streets without leaving so much as a bit of orangepeel on the footway, or an eggshell in the gutters. failed, partly because I chose too difficult a district to begin with (the contributions of transitional mud being constant, and the inhabitants passive), but chiefly because I could no more be on the spot myself, to give spirit to the men, when I left Denmark Hill for Coniston.

I

4. I next set up a tea-shop at 29, Paddington Street, W. (an establishment which my Fors readers may as well know of), to supply the poor in that neighbourhood with pure tea, in packets as small as they chose to buy, without making a profit on the subdivision,-larger orders being of course equally acceptable from anybody who cares to

1 [Compare Letter 46, § 10 (E.), above p. 176; Vol. XVIII. p. 385; and Vol. XXII. pp. xxiv., 533.]

2 [In 1871-1872: see Vol. XXII. p. xxv., and Appendix 3 in Vol. XXIX. (p. 535). For further particulars about the experiment, see the Introduction, above, p. xvi.]