and secure

treaties.

favorable commercial

Unfortunately, these and all the other good provisions of the decree are nullified by still investing the supreme authority in the GovernorGeneral, and providing that "all other authorities in the island shall be subordinate to his, and he shall be responsible for the preservation of order and the safety of the colony" (Article 41).

Paragraph 4 of article 42 enables him to suspend several provisions of the constitution, and empowers him "to enforce legislation in regard to public order and to take all measures which he may deem necessary to preserve the peace within and the safety without for the territory entrusted to him, after hearing the counsel of his Cabinet."

In regard to the debt weighing so heavily upon her, Cuba has no power to make an equitable readjustment,

nor to change the method of payment of interest or principal: all such matters depending upon the decision of the Spanish Cortes (Article 2 of the Transitory Provisions).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Diccionario-Encyclopedí, Hispano-Americano. Barcelona, 1892.

A. LAROUSSE:

Paris, 1869.

Dictionnaire encyclopédie.

R. R. MADDEN: The Island of Cuba. London, 1853.

R. M. MERCHAN: Cuba: Justificacion de su Guerra de Independencia. Bogotá (Colombia), 1896.

Messages of Presidents Grant, Cleveland, and McKinley.

New Constitution for the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. Sagasta's decree, published in official Gazette, Madrid, November 25, 1897. English translation in the supplement to Cuba, No. 3, New York.

New Constitutional Laws for the Island of Cuba. New York, 1897.

Parliamentary Papers, 1861. Report of Mr. Joseph Crawford, British Consul at Havana, on the Cuba Slave Traffic. London, 1861.

FIDEL G. PIERRA: Cuba: Physical Features of Cuba; Her Past, Present, and Possible Future. New York, 1896.

A. S. ROWAN and M. M. RAMSAY: The Island of Cuba. Henry Hoyt and Co., New York, 1897.

Spanish Rule in Cuba. Authorized translation. New York, 1896.

Speech of Senator Proctor, of Vermont, delivered in U. S. Senate, March 17, 1898.

U. S. Consular Reports on Cuba, 1898.